Programming assignments automatic grading: review of tools and implementations

Automatic grading of programming assignments is an important topic in academic research. It aims at improving the level of feedback given to students and optimizing the professor time. Several researches have reported the development of software tools to support this process. Then, it is helpfulto get a quickly and good sight about their key features. This paper reviews an ample set of tools forautomatic grading of programming assignments. They are divided in those most important mature tools, which have remarkable features; and those built recently, with new features. The review includes the definition and description of key features e.g. supported languages, used technology, infrastructure, etc. The two kinds of tools allow making a temporal comparative analysis. This analysis infrastructure, etc. The two kinds of tools allow making a temporal comparative analysis. This analysis shows good improvements in this research field, these include security, more language support, plagiarism detection, etc. On the other hand, the lack of a grading model for assignments is identified as an important gap in the reviewed tools. Thus, a characterization of evaluation metrics to grade programming assignments is provided as first step to get a model. Finally new paths in this research field are proposed.

DIANA: análisis del discurso para la comprensión del conocimiento

DIANA es un proyecto coordinado en el que participan el grupo de Ingeniería del Lenguaje Natural y Reconocimiento de Formas (ELiRF) de la Universitat Politècnica de València y el grupo Centre de Llenguatge i Computació (CLiC) de la Universitat de Barcelona. Se trata de un proyecto del programa de I+D (TIN2012-38603) financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Paolo Rosso coordina el proyecto DIANA y lidera el subproyecto DIANA-Applications y M. Antònia Martí lidera el subproyecto DIANA-Constructions.

Kitāb al-Ḥujjah fī sariqāt ibn Ḥijjah / taṣnīf al-Shaykh al-Imām al-ʻAllāmah ... Abī ʻAbd Allāh Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan ibn ʻAlī al-Nawājī al-Shāfiʻī : manuscript, undated

Missing leaves at the end.

Johannis Alberti Fabri, Decas decadum; sive, Plagiariorum & pseudonymorum centuria, accessit Exercitatio de lexicis græcis eodem auctore.

Mode of access: Internet.

The merchant prince of Cornville, a comedy,

The play on which Rostand's "Cyrano de Bergerac" was said to be based. The charge of plagiarism was upheld by a U. S. court.

Questions de littérature légale. Du plagiat, de la supposition d'auteurs, des supercheries qui ont rapport aux livres.

Mode of access: Internet.

History of Lorenzo and Virginia, or Virtue rewarded. An address to the young ladies of Columbia, calculated to inspire the bosom with pleasing sensations and arm the virtuous with fortitude under the most forlorn circumstances ...

A plagiarism of The history of Constantius & Pulchera--Wright I, 1206.

An appeal to the public on the controversy respecting the revolution in Harvard College, and the events which have followed it : occasioned by the use which has been made of certain complaints and accusations of Miss Hannah Adams, against the author /

Relating to the charges of plagiarism in the preparation of the Compendious history of New England.

FATORES ANTECEDENTES NA ATITUDE DE ALUNOS DE GRADUAÇÃO FRENTE AO PLÁGIO

A crescente preocupação com a desonestidade acadêmica e seus possíveis impactos para as organizações e sociedade tem requerido especial atenção. Diversos estudos indicam que a tecnologia e, em especial, a Internet, pode ocasionar o aumento da desonestidade acadêmica e, em especial, da prática de plágio. Tipos de desonestidade acadêmica são listados pela literatura como sendo a fraude, o plágio, o auxílio externo e a fraude eletrônica. Dentre estes tipos, o plágio está se tornando a maior preocupação entre as instituições de ensino superior em comparação com os demais (LOVETT-HOOPER et al., 2007). A existência da intencionalidade do indivíduo é uma característica central nos estudos sobre plágio, caracterizado como sendo a consequência de uma decisão individual. Do ponto de vista da Theory of Planned Behavior - TPB (Teoria do Comportamento Planejado), de Ajzen (1991), a ação do indivíduo é orientada por crenças (comportamentais, normativas e de controle) que influenciam sua atitude em relação a algo, que por sua vez leva à racionalização da intenção que influenciará o comportamento do indivíduo. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar os fatores antecedentes que influenciam a atitude em relação ao plágio dentre estudantes brasileiros do ensino superior, modalidade à distância. Um sistemático mapeamento da literatura sobre o tema identificou mais de 300 artigos e convergiu para um número de 74 artigos considerados fundamentais. Destes, foi gerado um modelo de análise que define como preditores da Atitude Positiva em relação ao Plágio (a partir de determinadas influências recebidas, o indivíduo considerará a prática do plágio), os seguintes construtos: Posicionamento Moral, Normas sociais e Aspectos situacionais. Para análise do modelo, utilizou-se uma pesquisa do tipo survey quando, nesta fase foram encaminhados, 1800 questionários, a alunos de diferentes períodos do curso de Administração, de uma Universidade particular. A taxa de retorno dos questionários foi de 28,95%, totalizando 353 questionários válidos. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se a modelagem por equações estruturais com algoritmo Partial Least Squares (PLS), técnica adequada para um número reduzido de observações e quando não se pode assumir parâmetros para a distribuição. Os principais resultados encontrados nesta pesquisa foram: 41,8% da variablidade da Atitude explicada do modelo de Atitude Positiva frente ao plágio; e a identificação de seis construtos significantes associados ao modelo, sendo: Entendimento (-0,102, p<0,05), Expectativa de Valor (0,243, p<0,001), Facilidade (0,108, p<0,05), Situação de Pressão (0,126, p<0,01), Relativismo (0,272, p<0,001) e Severidade e Possibilidade de Punição (-0,255, p<0,001).

Author identification, idiolect and linguistic uniqueness

For forty years linguists have talked about idiolect and the uniqueness of individual utterances. This article explores how far these two concepts can be used to answer certain questions about the authorship of written documents—for instance how similar can two student essays be before one begins to suspect plagiarism? The article examines two ways of measuring similarity: the proportion of shared vocabulary and the number and length of shared phrases, and illustrates with examples drawn from both actual criminal court cases and incidents of student plagiarism. The article ends by engaging with Solan and Tiersma's contribution to this volume and considering whether such forensic linguistic evidence would be acceptable in American courts as well as how it might successfully be presented to a lay audience.

Becoming a psychology undergraduate:integrating study skills and integrating students

Three years of action research into a study skills and transition programme for psychology undergraduates are reported. The programme began as a ‘bolt-on’ response to perceptions of student deficit and developed to focus on transition to university. Data from three cohorts and over 600 students show attendance to be associated with higher academic grades and progression rates. The programme has also helped to establish relationships with peers and staff, prepare students for assessments, set expectations about study, and provided an opportunity to ask questions, to work collaboratively and to learn about referencing and plagiarism. Concerns with study skills highlighted by Wingate (2006) and others are discussed.

An introduction to forensic linguistics:language in evidence

From the accusation of plagiarism in The Da Vinci Code, to the infamous hoaxer in the Yorkshire Ripper case, the use of linguistic evidence in court and the number of linguists called to act as expert witnesses in court trials has increased rapidly in the past fifteen years. An Introduction to Forensic Linguistics: Language in Evidence provides a timely and accessible introduction to this rapidly expanding subject. Using knowledge and experience gained in legal settings – Malcolm Coulthard in his work as an expert witness and Alison Johnson in her work as a West Midlands police officer – the two authors combine an array of perspectives into a distinctly unified textbook, focusing throughout on evidence from real and often high profile cases including serial killer Harold Shipman, the Bridgewater Four and the Birmingham Six. Divided into two sections, 'The Language of the Legal Process' and 'Language as Evidence', the book covers the key topics of the field. The first section looks at legal language, the structures of legal genres and the collection and testing of evidence from the initial police interview through to examination and cross-examination in the courtroom. The second section focuses on the role of the forensic linguist, the forensic phonetician and the document examiner, as well as examining in detail the linguistic investigation of authorship and plagiarism. With research tasks, suggested reading and website references provided at the end of each chapter, An Introduction to Forensic Linguistics: Language in Evidence is the essential textbook for courses in forensic linguistics and language of the law.

The Routledge handbook of forensic linguistics

The Routledge Handbook of Forensic Linguistics provides a unique work of reference to the leading ideas, debates, topics, approaches and methodologies in Forensic Linguistics. Forensic Linguistics is the study of language and the law, covering topics from legal language and courtroom discourse to plagiarism. It also concerns the applied (forensic) linguist who is involved in providing evidence, as an expert, for the defence and prosecution, in areas as diverse as blackmail, trademarks and warning labels. The Routledge Handbook of Forensic Linguistics includes a comprehensive introduction to the field written by the editors and a collection of thirty-seven original chapters written by the world’s leading academics and professionals, both established and up-and-coming, designed to equip a new generation of students and researchers to carry out forensic linguistic research and analysis. The Routledge Handbook of Forensic Linguistics is the ideal resource for undergraduates or postgraduates new to the area.

Forensic linguistics : the application of language description in legal contexts

In this article I first divide Forensic Linguistics into three sub-disciplines: the language of written legal texts, the spoken language of legal proceedings, and the linguist as expert witness and then go on to give a small number of examples of the research undertaken in these three areas. For the language of written legal texts, I present work on the (in) comprehensibility of police cautions and of judges instructions to juries. For the spoken language of legal proceedings, I report work on the problems of interpreted interaction, of vulnerable witnesses and the need for more detailed research comparing the interactive rules in adversarial and investigative systems. Finally, to illustrate the role of the linguist as expert witness I report a trademark case, five different authorship attribution cases, three very different plagiarism cases and I end reporting briefly the contribution of linguists to language assessment techniques used in the linguistic classification of asylum seekers. © Langage et société no 132 - juin 2010.