Elaboración artesanal de mermeladas de tres ecotipos de tuna (Opuntia ficus indica f. inerme) roja, anaranjada y verde

La tuna es una fruta presente principalmente en zonas áridas y semiáridas. Su aporte nutricional podría aprovecharse consumiéndola en forma directa, como así también a través de productos elaborados en forma artesanal. Dichos productos podrían incorporarse a la economía del mercado de consumo interno y eventualmente externo. Por tal motivo, se evalúa la posibilidad de desarrollar mermeladas con tres ecotipos de tuna de la misma variedad, considerando la aceptación del producto. Se trabajó con tunas (Opuntia ficus indica f. inerme), cultivadas en el Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CRICYT) ubicado en el Parque General San Martín, Capital, Mendoza. El objetivo general del trabajo estuvo dirigido a la elaboración de mermeladas de tres ecotipos de tuna: tuna roja o morada, tuna anaranjada o amarilla y tuna verde o blanca acorde a la legislación vigente. Los ítems espec��ficos estuvieron conducidos hacia el desarrollo de una mermelada utilizando una fruta no convencional, para determinar el valor nutricional del mismo, y sus características fisicoquímicas, ampliar la producción de subproductos de tuna en la región árida y semiárida, para así finalmente evaluar el grado de aceptabilidad sensorial y comercial del producto. Se caracterizaron los tres ecotipos de tuna y sus respectivas mermeladas mediante determinaciones fisicoquímicas, se verific�� el contenido nutricional y se realizaron los análisis microbiológicos de cada una de ellas. Dentro de las determinaciones fisicoquímicas de las mermeladas se incluyó K, P, Ca y vitamina C, teniendo en cuenta que se parte de una materia prima con buenas cantidades de estos minerales y vitamina C con respecto a otras frutas. Se llevaron a cabo pruebas de evaluación sensorial del producto terminado y se consultó el precio que estarían dispuestos a pagar los potenciales consumidores. Los jueces entrenados contribuyeron al diseño de un perfil sensorial para cada una de las mermeladas y evaluaron en forma global al producto obtenido. Los resultados obtenidos en cuanto a la caracterización de la materia prima arrojan un buen contenido en sólidos solubles, vitamina C y en minerales como el fósforo, calcio, potasio y un contenido bajo en sodio con respecto a otras frutas que se consumen habitualmente. Los análisis microbiológicos realizados para evaluar la conservación permiten expresar que se trata de un producto de bajo riesgo microbiológico, bajo las condiciones de conservación que se obtuvieron. En base a lo expuesto, se puede concluir que es técnicamente posible elaborar artesanalmente mermeladas de tres ecotipos de tuna, las cuales poseen un buen aporte nutricional, son aptas para el consumo humano desde el punto de vista bromatológico y aceptadas sensorialmente por los consumidores.

Pollen record and dating of a sediment profile from Ahlequellmoor in Germany

A pollen diagram from the Ahlequellmoor in the Solling area shows the history of vegetation and settlement over the last 7,800 years. In the early Atlantic period mixed deciduous forest with mainly Tilia together with Ulmus and Quercus grew in the area. In the late Atlantic period Quercus became most abundant. Fagus spread in the Sub-boreal period at about 2700 B.C. Since ca. 900 B.C. the Solling was covered by beech forests with some oak. In prehistoric times woodland grazing is indicated. Only in Medieval times are two settlements in the vicinity of the Ahlequellmoor reflected in the pollen diagram. The earlier one is dated to about A.D. 750-1020, and may be connected with the former Monastery of Hethis, which is thought to have existed close to the fen from A.D. 815 to 822. The second Medieval settlement dates to the 11th-12th century. The large-scale woodland destruction of late Medieval and modern times is not clearly visible. The silvicultural measures of the last 200 years are reflected by increasing values of spruce and grassland taxa.

Carbonate system of surface sediments from the South Pacific

B/Ca ratios in Cibicides mundulus and Cibicides wuellerstorfi have been shown to correlate with the degree of calcite saturation in seawater (D[CO32-]). In the South Pacific, a region of high importance in the global carbon cycle, these species are not continuously present in down-core records. Small numbers of epibenthic foraminifera in samples present an additional challenge, which can be overcome by using laser ablation-inductively coupled-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). We present a laser ablation based core-top calibration for Cibicides cf. wuellerstorfi, a C. wuellerstorfi morphotype that is abundant in the South Pacific and extend the existing global core top calibration for C. mundulus and C. wuellerstorfi to this region. B/Ca in C. cf. wuellerstorfi are linearly correlated with D[CO32-] and possibly display a higher sensitivity to calcite saturation changes than C. wuellerstorfi. Trace element profiles through C. wuellerstorfi and C. mundulus reveal an intra-shell B/Ca variation of ±36% around the mean shell value. Mg/Ca and B/Ca display opposite trends along the shell. Both phenomena likely result from ontogenetic effects. Intra-shell variability equals intra-sample variability, mean sample B/Ca values can thus be reliably calculated from averaged spot results of single specimen. In the global B/Ca-D[CO32-] range, we observe an inverse relationship between water mass age and D[CO32-].

Seawater carbonate chemistry and physiological responses of three temperate coralline algae in a laboratory experiment

Coralline algae are major calcifiers of significant ecological importance in marine habitats but are among the most sensitive calcifying organisms to ocean acidification. The elevated pCO2 effects were examined in three coralline algal species living in contrasting habitats from intertidal to subtidal zones on the north-western coast of Brittany, France: (i) Corallina elongata, a branched alga found in tidal rock pools, (ii) Lithophyllum incrustans, a crustose coralline alga from the low intertidal zone, and (iii) Lithothamnion corallioides (maerl), a free-living form inhabiting the subtidal zone. Metabolic rates were assessed on specimens grown for one month at varying pCO2: 380 (current pCO2), 550, 750 and 1000 µatm (elevated pCO2). There was no pCO2 effect on gross production in C. elongata and L. incrustans but L. incrustans respiration strongly increased with elevated pCO2. L. corallioides gross production slightly increased at 1000 µatm, while respiration remained unaffected. Calcification rates decreased with pCO2 in L. incrustans (both in the light and dark) and L. corallioides (only in the light), while C. elongata calcification was unaffected. This was consistent with the lower skeletal mMg/Ca ratio of C. elongata (0.17) relative to the two other species (0.20). L. incrustans had a higher occurrence of bleaching that increased with increasing pCO2. pCO2 could indirectly impact this coralline species physiology making them more sensitive to other stresses such as diseases or pathogens. These results underlined that the physiological response of coralline algae to near-future ocean acidification is species-specific and that species experiencing naturally strong pH variations were not necessarily more resistant to elevated pCO2 than species from more stable environment.

Pollen record and dating of a sediment profile from Lake Voulkaria, Greece

A palynological investigation of a Holocene profile from Lake Voulkaria, western Greece, was carried out as a contribution to the environmental history of the coastal area of northwestern Acarnania and the Classical city of Palairos. It shows that deciduous oaks dominated the natural vegetation of the area throughout the Holocene. Until ca. 7000 B.C. Pistacia occurred abundantly, while other evergreen woody taxa were rare. At ca. 6300 B.C. an expansion of Carpinus orientalis/Ostrya can be observed. Around ca. 5300 B.C. spreading of Erica indicates a change to a drier climate and/or first human impact. Since ca. 3500 B.C. an increase of evergreen shrubs now clearly indicates land-use. The foundation of the Classical city of Palairos led to a temporary expansion of Phillyrea maquis. Within this period, molluscs of brackish water indicate the use of the lake as a harbour after the construction of a connection to the sea. The deciduous Quercus woodland recovered when human impact decreased in the area, and lasted until modern times.

The Islamic Crossed-Arch Domes in Cordoba: Geometry and Structural Analysis of the “Capilla de Villaviciosa���

Crossed-arch domes are a singular type of ribbed vaults. Their characteristic feature is that the ribs that form the vault are intertwined, forming polygons or stars, leaving an empty space in the centre. The earliest known vaults of this type are found in the Great Mosque of C��rdoba, built ca. 960 a.C. The type spread through Spain, and the north of Africa in the 10th to the 16th Centuries, and was used by Guarini and Vittone in the 17th and 18th Centuries in Italy. However, it was used only in a few buildings. Though the literature about the structural behaviour of ribbed Gothic vaults is extensive, so far no structural analysis of crossed arch domes has been made. The purpose of this work is, first to show the way to attack such an analysis within the frame of Modern Limit Analysis of Masonry Structures (Heyman 1995), and then to apply the approach to study the stability of the dome of the Capilla de Villaviciosa. The work may give some clues to art and architectural historians to understand better the origin and development of Islamic dome architecture.

High-resolution FTIRS-inferred biogeochemical properties for MIS 11c in the sediment record of core ICDP5011-1 in Lake Elgygytgyn, NE Russia

Here we present a detailed multi-proxy record of the climate and environmental evolution at Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic during the period 430-395 ka covering the marine isotope stage (MIS) 12/11 transition and the thermal maximum of super interglacial MIS 11c. The MIS 12/11 transition at Lake El'gygytgyn is characterized by initial warming followed by a cold reversal implying similarities to the last deglaciation. The thermal maximum of MIS 11c is characterized by full and remarkably stable interglacial conditions with mean temperatures of the warmest month (MTWM) ranging between ca. 10-15 °C; annual precipitation (PANN) ranging between ca. 300-600 mm; strong in-lake productivity coinciding with dark coniferous forests in the catchment; annual disintegration of the lake ice cover; and full mixis of the water column. Such conditions persisted, according to our age model, for ca. 27 ± 8 kyr between ca. 425-398 ka. The Lake El'gygytgyn record closely resembles the climate pattern recorded in Lake Baikal (SE Siberia) sediments and Antarctic ice cores, implying interhemispheric climate connectivity during MIS 11c.

Hojas de Margarita.

Mode of access: Internet.

Lucy Salmon

On verso: C.C. Randall, Photographer, 220 Woodward Ave., Detroit

Werke.

i-xi. Abhandlungen; übersetzt von J.M. Moser.--xii-xvii. Briefe; übersetzt von August Pauly [und] A. Haakh.

Ammianea et Annaeana,

Ms. notations.

De theismo Thaleti Milesio ...

Inaug.-diss.--Tübingen. (Carolo Henrico Gros, respondent).

No 1, 2, 3 of Haydn's grand symphonies : composed for Mr Salomon's concerts /

1. C major (M.97) -- 2. D major (M.93) -- 3. G major (M.94)

L. Annaei Senecae Ad aebutium liberalem De Beneficiis libri VII : Ad Neromen Caesarem De Clementia libri II. Ad novautm De ira libri III /

Mode of access: Internet.

L. Annaei Senecae Dialogi IX : Ad Lucilium Naturalium quaestionum libri VII. Ludus de morte Claudii /

Mode of access: Internet.