Novel parameters for evaluating the Spatial and Thematic accuracy of land cover maps.

Se proponen novedosas f��rmulas para evaluar la certeza de la cartograf��a

La videovigilancia : tecnolog��as actuales y aspectos sociopol��ticos

En este Proyecto de fin de carrera titulado: LA V��DEOVIGILANCIA: TECNOLOG��AS ACTUALES Y ASPECTOS SOCIOPOL��TICOS, tiene como objetivo hacer un estudio en los sistemas de V��deovigilancia basado en c��maras-IP, con fines de seguridad, control o supervisi��n. Nos basaremos en exponer los sistemas V��deovigilancia basados en c��mara-IP actuales de ultima generaci��n, cuya principal virtud de estos sistemas, es la comunicaci��n con otros lugares, o espacios p��blicos como privados y poder visualizar tanto en vivo como en diferido lo que este pasando en ese lugar y en ese momento o haya pasado a trav��s del protocolo de comunicaci��n-IP. Se explicara desde el m��s b��sico al m��s complejo sistema de videovigilancia-IP, tambi��n explicaremos su puesta en practica mediante los m��ltiples interconexiones que estos conlleven. Llegando a este punto, se nos plantea las siguientes cuestiones que da origen a este PFC. Estos sistemas de V��deovigilancia-IP, captan las im��genes por medio de las c��maras-IP, proporcionando su facilidad tanto de visionado/grabacion, como de control, ya que no es necesario estar presente e interactuando con otros sistemas digitales de diverso ��ndole actuales, gracias al protocolo-IP. Estos sistemas-IP, tienen su puesta en pr��ctica mediante las instalaciones requeridas ,estas podr��n ser sencillas o muy complejas de todos los sistemas-IP. Debido al gran aumento masivo, las tecnolog��as actuales de diverso ��ndole de c��maras-IP en materia de la v��deovigilancia en lugares p��blicos, y privados en nuestra sociedad actual, lo hace un medio particularmente invasivo y por ello resulta necesario tanto la concurrencia de condiciones que legitimen los tratamientos de datos de personas identificables, como la definici��n de los principios y garant��as que deban aplicarse ya que estas, repercutir��n sobre los derechos de las personas, lo que obligara a fijar ciertas garant��as. Se nos plantea los casos en los que la captaci��n y/o tratamiento de im��genes con fines de V��deovigilancia que pertenezcan a personas identificadas o identificables, ha obligado a Espa��a, y seg��n dispuesto por la Directiva 95/46/CE del Parlamento Europeo, a regularizar esta situaci��n mediante la Ley Org��nica de Protecci��n de Datos (LOPD) 15/1999 de 13 de diciembre, bajo los procedimientos del Estado espa��ol en materia sociopol��tica, y dando vigor a esta ley, mediante la aprobaci��n de la Instrucci��n 1/2006 de 8 de noviembre de 2006, cuyo m��ximo organismo es la Agencia espa��ola de Protecci��n de Datos (AGPD). Una vez planteada la motivaci��n y justificaci��n del proyecto, se derivan unos objetivos a cumplir con la realizaci��n del mismo. Los objetivos del proyecto se pueden diferenciar en dos clases principalmente. Los objetivos principales y objetivos secundarios. Los objetivos principales de este PFC, nacen directamente de las necesidades planteadas originalmente en materia de V��deovigilancia, tanto tecnol��gicamente basado en las c��maras-IP en la captaci��n y/o tratamiento de im��genes, as�� como sociopol��ticamente donde trataremos de describirlo mediante las indicaciones y criterios con casos pr��cticos y de c��mo deben de aplicarse seg��n la instrucci��n 1/2006 mediante la LOPD en materia de V��deovigilancia, en cuanto a la protecci��n de datos que puedan repercutir sobre el derecho de las personas. Por otra parte los objetivos secundarios, son la extensi��n del objetivo primario y son de orden cuantificador en este PFC, dando una explicaci��n m��s exhaustiva del objetivo principal. ABSTRACT In this final year project, entitled: THE VIDEOSURVEILLANCE: CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES AND POLITICALSOCIALS ASPECTS, aims to make a study of video surveillance systems based on IP cameras, for security, control or supervision. We will rely on to expose the camera based video surveillance systems IP-current last generation, whose main virtue of these systems, is communication with other places, or public and private spaces and to view both live and time so this happening in that place and at that time or passed through-IP communication protocol. He explained from the most basic to the most complex-IP video surveillance system, also explain its implementation into practice through multiple interconnections that these entail. Arriving at this point, we face the following issues which gave rise to this PFC. These IP-video surveillance systems, captured images through IP-cameras, providing both ease of viewing / recording, as a control, since it is not necessary to be present and interacting with other digital systems such diverse today, thanks IP-protocol. These systems-IP, have their implementation through the facilities required, these can be simple or very complex all-IP video surveillance systems. Due to the large increase in mass, current technologies of different kinds of IP cameras for video surveillance in public places, and private in our society, it makes a particularly invasive and therefore attendance is necessary both conditions that legitimize data processing of identifiable people, as the definition of the principles and safeguards to be applied as these will impact on the rights of the people, which forced to set certain guarantees. We face those cases in which the uptake and / or image processing video surveillance purposes belonging to identified or identifiable, has forced Spain, and as required by Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament, to regularize this situation by the Organic Law on Data Protection (LOPD) 15/1999 of December 13, under the procedures of the Spanish State in sociopolitical, and giving effect to this Act, with the approval of the Instruction 1/2006 of 8 November 2006, the governing body is the Spanish Agency for Data Protection (AGPD). Once raised the motivation and justification for the project, resulting in meeting targets to achieve the same. Project objectives can be differentiated into two main classes, the main objectives and secondary objectives: The main objectives of this PFC, born directly from requirements originally raised for capturing both technologically imaging me and try to describe where sociopolitically, the details and criteria as case studies and should be applied according to the instruction 1 / 2006 by the LOPD on video surveillance system in terms of data protection that could impact on the right people. Moreover the secondary objectives are the extension of the primary and are of a quantifier in this PFC, giving a fuller explanation of the main objective.

Simulaci��n de seguimiento de blancos en sistemas radar. Parte 2

El proyecto consiste en el dise��o y estudio de un software cuyas prestaciones est��n orientadas a gestionar una simulaci��n de un sistema de radar. El prototipo de este entorno de simulaci��n se ha realizado en el lenguaje Matlab debido a que inicialmente se considera el m��s adecuado para el tratamiento de las se��ales que los sistemas de radar manejan para realizar sus c��lculos. Se ha escogido como modelo el software desarrollado por la compa����a SAP para gestionar los E.R.P.s de grandes empresas. El motivo es que es un software cuyo dise��o y funcionalidad es especialmente adecuado para la gesti��n ordenada de una cantidad grande de datos diversos de forma integrada. Dise��ar e implementar el propio entorno es una tarea de enorme complejidad y que requerir�� el esfuerzo de una cantidad importante de personas; por lo que este proyecto se ha limitado, a un prototipo b��sico con una serie de caracter��sticas m��nimas; as�� como a indicar y dejar preparado el camino por el que deber��n transcurrir las futuras agregaciones de funcionalidad o mejoras. Funcionalmente, esto es, independientemente de la implementaci��n espec��fica con la que se construya el entorno de simulaci��n, se ha considerado dividir las caracter��sticas y prestaciones ofrecidas por el sistema en bloques. Estos bloques agrupar��n los componentes relacionados con un aspecto espec��fico de la simulaci��n, por ejemplo, el bloque 1, es el asignado a todo lo relacionado con el blanco a detectar. El usuario del entorno de simulaci��n interactuar�� con el sistema ejecutando lo que se llaman transacciones, que son agrupaciones l��gicas de datos a introducir/consultar en el sistema relacionados y que se pueden ejecutar de forma independiente. Un ejemplo de transacci��n es la que permite mantener una trayectoria de un blanco junto con sus par��metros, pero tambi��n puede ser una transacci��n la aplicaci��n que permite por ejemplo, gestionar los usuarios con acceso al entorno. Es decir, las transacciones son el componente m��nimo a partir del cual el usuario puede interactuar con el sistema. La interfaz gr��fica que se le ofrecer�� al usuario, est�� basada en modos, que se pueden considerar ���ventanas��� independientes entre s�� dentro de las cu��les el usuario ejecuta sus transacciones. El usuario podr�� trabajar con cuantos modos en paralelo desee y cambiar seg��n desee entre ellos. La programaci��n del software se ha realizado utilizando la metodolog��a de orientaci��n a objetos y se ha intentado maximizar la reutilizaci��n del c��digo as�� como la configurabilidad de su funcionalidad. Una caracter��stica importante que se ha incorporado para garantizar la integridad de los datos es un diccionario sint��ctico. Para permitir la persistencia de los datos entre sesiones del usuario se ha implementado una base de datos virtual (que se prev�� se reemplace por una real), que permite manejar, tablas, campos clave, etc. con el fin de guardar todos los datos del entorno, tanto los de configuraci��n que solo ser��an responsabilidad de los administradores/desarrolladores como los datos maestros y transaccionales que ser��an gestionados por los usuarios finales del entorno de simulaci��n. ABSTRACT. This end-of-degree project comprises the design, study and implementation of a software based application able to simulate the various aspects and performance of a radar system. A blueprint for this application has been constructed upon the Matlab programming language. This is due to the fact that initially it was thought to be the one most suitable to the complex signals radar systems usually process; but it has proven to be less than adequate for all the other core processes the simulation environment must provide users with. The software���s design has been based on another existing software which is the one developed by the SAP company for managing enterprises, a software categorized (and considered the paradigm of) as E.R.P. software (E.R.P. stands for Enterprise Resource Planning). This software has been selected as a model because is very well suited (its basic features) for working in an orderly fashion with a pretty good quantity of data of very diverse characteristics, and for doing it in a way which protects the integrity of the data. To design and construct the simulation environment with all its potential features is a pretty hard task and requires a great amount of effort and work to be dedicated to its accomplishment. Due to this, the scope of this end-of-degree project has been focused to design and construct a very basic prototype with minimal features, but which way future developments and upgrades to the systems features should go has also been pointed. In a purely functional approach, i.e. disregarding completely the specific implementation which accomplishes the simulation features, the different parts or aspects of the simulation system have been divided and classified into blocks. The blocks will gather together and comprise the various components related with a specific aspect of the simulation landscape, for example, block number one will be the one dealing with all the features related to the radars system target. The user interaction with the system will be based on the execution of so called transactions, which essentially consist on bunches of information which logically belong together and can thus be managed together. A good example, could be a transaction which permits to maintain a series of specifications for target���s paths; but it could also be something completely unrelated with the radar system itself as for example, the management of the users who can access the system. Transactions will be thus the minimum unit of interaction of users with the system. The graphic interface provided to the user will be mode based, which can be considered something akin to a set of independent windows which are able on their own to sustain the execution of an independent transaction. The user ideally should be able to work with as many modes simultaneously as he wants to, switching his focus between them at will. The approach to the software construction has been based on the object based paradigm. An effort has been made to maximize the code���s reutilization and also in maximizing its customizing, i.e., same sets of code able to perform different tasks based on configuration data. An important feature incorporated to the software has been a data dictionary (a syntactic one) which helps guarantee data integrity. Another important feature that allow to maintain data persistency between user sessions, is a virtual relational data base (which should in future times become a real data base) which allows to store data in tables. The data store in this tables comprises both the system���s configuration data (which administrators and developers will maintain) and also master and transactional data whose maintenance will be the end users task.

Improving parameters selection of a seeded region growing method for multiband image segmentation

In the last decade, Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA) has been accepted as an effective method for processing high spatial resolution multiband images. This image analysis method is an approach that starts with the segmentation of the image. Image segmentation in general is a procedure to partition an image into homogenous groups (segments). In practice, visual interpretation is often used to assess the quality of segmentation and the analysis relies on the experience of an analyst. In an effort to address the issue, in this study, we evaluate several seed selection strategies for an automatic image segmentation methodology based on a seeded region growing-merging approach. In order to evaluate the segmentation quality, segments were subjected to spatial autocorrelation analysis using Moran's I index and intra-segment variance analysis. We apply the algorithm to image segmentation using an aerial multiband image.

Effect of content characteristics on quality of experience of adaptive streaming

The growing popularity of adaptive streaming-based video delivery nowadays has raised the interest about the user's perception when experiencing quality adaptation. The impact of the video content characteristics on user's perceptual quality has already become evident. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of this factor on the quality of experience of adaptive streaming scenarios. Our results show that the perceptual quality of adaptation strategies applied on videos with high spatial and low temporal amount of activity is significantly lower compared to the other content types.

Capacity limits for the detection of changing visual features

Capacity limits in visual attention have traditionally been studied using static arrays of elements from which an observer must detect a target defined by a certain visual feature or combination of features. In the current study we use this visual search paradigm, with accuracy as the dependent variable, to examine attentional capacity limits for different visual features undergoing change over time. In Experiment 1, detectability of a single changing target was measured under conditions where the type of change (size, speed, colour), the magnitude of change, the set size and homogeneity of the unchanging distractors were all systematically varied. Psychometric function slopes were calculated for different experimental conditions and ���change thresholds���extracted from these slopes were used in Experiment 2, in which multiple supra-threshold changes were made, simultaneously, either to a single or to two or three different stimulus elements. These experiments give an objective psychometric paradigm for measuring changes in visual features over time. Results favour object-based accounts of visual attention, and show consistent differences in the allocation of attentional capacity to different perceptual dimensions.

�������������� ������������ ������ �������������������������� ������������ ���� ���������������������� ���� ������������������ ��������������

Neli Maneva, Plamenka Hristova - The paper is devoted to a new approach to the extracurricular activities in Informatics for beginners, 3���5 grade pupils. Only the first step of our approach are described in detail, namely the modeling of the identified so far objects with prime and secondary importance. Some examples of objects are presented through their main characteristics revealing their peculiarities and the level of significance for the achievements of the stated goals for an efficient performance of the activities under consideration.

A simula����o real��stica como estrat��gica de ensino-aprendizagem em enfermagem

The study aims to examine the methodology of realistic simulation as facilitator of the teaching-learning process in nursing, and is justified by the possibility to propose conditions that envisage improvements in the training process with a view to assess the impacts attributed to new teaching strategies and learning in the formative areas of health and nursing. Descriptive study with quantitative and qualitative approach, as action research, and focus on teaching from the realistic simulation of Nursing in Primary Care in an institution of public higher education. . The research was developed in the Comprehensive Care Health discipline II, this is offered in the third year of the course in order to prepare the nursing student to the stage of Primary Health Care The study population comprised 40 subjects: 37 students and 3 teachers of that discipline. Data collection was held from February to May 2014 and was performed by using questionnaires and semi structured interviews. To do so, we followed the following sequence: identification of the use of simulation in the discipline target of intervention; consultation with professors about the possibility of implementing the survey; investigation of the syllabus of discipline, objectives, skills and abilities; preparing the plan for the execution of the intervention; preparing the checklist for skills training; construction and execution of simulation scenarios and evaluation of scenarios. Quantitative data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics, percentage, and qualitative data through collective subject discourse. A high fidelity simulation was inserted in the curriculum of the course of the research object, based on the use of standard patient. Three cases were created and executed. In the students��� view, the simulation contributed to the synthesis of the contents worked at Integral Health Care II discipline (100%), scoring between 8 and 10 (100%) to executed scenarios. In addition, the simulation has generated a considerable percentage of high expectations for the activities of the discipline (70.27%) and is also shown as a strategy for generating student satisfaction (97.30%). Of the 97.30% that claimed to be quite satisfied with the activities proposed by the academic discipline of Integral Health Care II, 94.59% of the sample indicated the simulation as a determinant factor for the allocation of such gratification. Regarding the students' perception about the strategy of simulation, the most prominent category was the possibility of prior experience of practice (23.91%). The nervousness was one of the most cited negative aspects from the experience in simulated scenarios (50.0%). The most representative positive point (63.89%) pervades the idea of approximation with the reality of Primary Care. In addition, professors of the discipline, totaling 3, were trained in the methodology of the simulation. The study highlighted the contribution of realistic simulation in the context of teaching and learning in nursing and highlighted this strategy while mechanism to generate expectation and satisfaction among undergraduate nursing students

Habitat Map for Lizard Island reef, Australia derived from a photo-transect survey field data collected in December 2011 and September/October 2012

An object based image analysis approach (OBIA) was used to create a habitat map of the Lizard Reef. Briefly, georeferenced dive and snorkel photo-transect surveys were conducted at different locations surrounding Lizard Island, Australia. For the surveys, a snorkeler or diver swam over the bottom at a depth of 1-2m in the lagoon, One Tree Beach and Research Station areas, and 7m depth in Watson's Bay, while taking photos of the benthos at a set height using a standard digital camera and towing a surface float GPS which was logging its track every five seconds. The camera lens provided a 1.0 m x 1.0 m footprint, at 0.5 m height above the benthos. Horizontal distance between photos was estimated by fin kicks, and corresponded to a surface distance of approximately 2.0 - 4.0 m. Approximation of coordinates of each benthic photo was done based on the photo timestamp and GPS coordinate time stamp, using GPS Photo Link Software (www.geospatialexperts.com). Coordinates of each photo were interpolated by finding the gps coordinates that were logged at a set time before and after the photo was captured. Dominant benthic or substrate cover type was assigned to each photo by placing 24 points random over each image using the Coral Point Count excel program (Kohler and Gill, 2006). Each point was then assigned a dominant cover type using a benthic cover type classification scheme containing nine first-level categories - seagrass high (>=70%), seagrass moderate (40-70%), seagrass low (<= 30%), coral, reef matrix, algae, rubble, rock and sand. Benthic cover composition summaries of each photo were generated automatically in CPCe. The resulting benthic cover data for each photo was linked to GPS coordinates, saved as an ArcMap point shapefile, and projected to Universal Transverse Mercator WGS84 Zone 56 South. The OBIA class assignment followed a hierarchical assignment based on membership rules with levels for "reef", "geomorphic zone" and "benthic community" (above).

Morphometrics of seagrasses at species level, Moreton Bay, Australia determined from core samples collected in 2012-2013

Seagrass meadows are important marine carbon sinks, yet they are threatened and declining worldwide. Seagrass management and conservation requires adequate understanding of the physical and biological factors determining carbon content in seagrass sediments. Here, we identified key factors that influence carbon content in seagrass meadows across several environmental gradients in Moreton Bay, SE Queensland. Sampling was conducted in two regions: (1) Canopy Complexity, 98 sites on the Eastern Banks, where seagrass canopy structure and species composition varied while turbidity was consistently low; and (2) Turbidity Gradient, 11 locations across the entire bay, where turbidity varied among sampling locations. Sediment organic carbon content and seagrass structural complexity (shoot density, leaf area, and species specific characteristics) were measured from shallow sediment and seagrass biomass cores at each location, respectively. Environmental data were obtained from empirical measurements (water quality) and models (wave height). The key factors influencing carbon content in seagrass sediments were seagrass structural complexity, turbidity, water depth, and wave height. In the Canopy Complexity region, carbon content was higher for shallower sites and those with higher seagrass structural complexity. When turbidity varied along the Turbidity Gradient, carbon content was higher at sites with high turbidity. In both regions carbon content was consistently higher in sheltered areas with lower wave height. Seagrass canopy structure, water depth, turbidity, and hydrodynamic setting of seagrass meadows should therefore be considered in conservation and management strategies that aim to maximize sediment carbon content.

Visual signs and symptoms of corticobasal degeneration

Corticobasal degeneration is a rare, progressive neurodegenerative disease and a member of the 'parkinsonian' group of disorders, which also includes Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy. The most common initial symptom is limb clumsiness, usually affecting one side of the body, with or without accompanying rigidity or tremor. Subsequently, the disease affects gait and there is a slow progression to influence ipsilateral arms and legs. Apraxia and dementia are the most common cortical signs. Corticobasal degeneration can be difficult to distinguish from other parkinsonian syndromes but if ocular signs and symptoms are present, they may aid clinical diagnosis. Typical ocular features include increased latency of saccadic eye movements ipsilateral to the side exhibiting apraxia, impaired smooth pursuit movements and visuo-spatial dysfunction, especially involving spatial rather than object-based tasks. Less typical features include reduction in saccadic velocity, vertical gaze palsy, visual hallucinations, sleep disturbance and an impaired electroretinogram. Aspects of primary vision such as visual acuity and colour vision are usually unaffected. Management of the condition to deal with problems of walking, movement, daily tasks and speech problems is an important aspect of the disease.

Ampliando as a����es educativas dos museus por meio da forma����o de comunidades virtuais de aprendizagem

Este artigo tem como objetivo mostrar que �� poss��vel incentivar a aprendizagem informal em museus atrav��s da constru����o de comunidades virtuais, com base em reposit��rios de objetos de aprendizagem, ferramentas comunicacionais e produ����o de OAs por parte dos visitantes. O enfoque �� incentivar a aprendizagem no sentido de motivar a participa����o/envolvimento do visitante nas atividades da comunidade virtual. Nesta perspectiva, partimos do pressuposto de que a informa����o, a comunica����o, a intera����o e a coopera����o s��o essenciais para o processo de aprender no contexto informal dos museus. Acreditamos que a intera����o e a coopera����o s��o partes integrantes do processo de aprendizagem proporcionado por comunidades virtuais e que o principal recurso de aprendizagem oferecido nessas comunidades s��o os objetos de aprendizagem. Diante do exposto, constru��mos a Comunidade Virtual do Muzar e realizamos uma experimenta����o do ambiente de modo a verificar o quanto os visitantes s��o incentivados a produzir novos conhecimentos.

A GEOBIA methodology for fragmented agricultural landscapes

Very high resolution remotely sensed images are an important tool for monitoring fragmented agricultural landscapes, which allows farmers and policy makers to make better decisions regarding management practices. An object-based methodology is proposed for automatic generation of thematic maps of the available classes in the scene, which combines edge-based and superpixel processing for small agricultural parcels. The methodology employs superpixels instead of pixels as minimal processing units, and provides a link between them and meaningful objects (obtained by the edge-based method) in order to facilitate the analysis of parcels. Performance analysis on a scene dominated by agricultural small parcels indicates that the combination of both superpixel and edge-based methods achieves a classification accuracy slightly better than when those methods are performed separately and comparable to the accuracy of traditional object-based analysis, with automatic approach.

Local Features in Image and Video Processing - Object Class Matching and Video Shot Detection

The usage of digital content, such as video clips and images, has increased dramatically during the last decade. Local image features have been applied increasingly in various image and video retrieval applications. This thesis evaluates local features and applies them to image and video processing tasks. The results of the study show that 1) the performance of different local feature detector and descriptor methods vary significantly in object class matching, 2) local features can be applied in image alignment with superior results against the state-of-the-art, 3) the local feature based shot boundary detection method produces promising results, and 4) the local feature based hierarchical video summarization method shows promising new new research direction. In conclusion, this thesis presents the local features as a powerful tool in many applications and the imminent future work should concentrate on improving the quality of the local features.