Barriers Faced By Micro, Small And Medium Enterprises In Raising Finance

Worldwide, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have been accepted as an engine of economic growth and for promoting equitable development. In developing countries including India, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises sector constitute an important part in its development. In spite of this importance, this sector face number of constraints like absence of adequate and timely supply of bank finance, difficulties in procuring raw materials, marketing and distribution challenges and non availability of suitable technology. Review of literature found that there exists problem in accessing finance from banks and financial institutions and this problem may differ from region to region, between sectors, or between individual enterprises within a sector. This paper tries to identify the various barriers faced by these units in raising finance and also try to identify the various sources of finance other than banks. The study is based upon the primary data collected from the 200 MSMEs owners in Kozhikode District of Kerala. The data has been analysed with the help of percentage. The study attempts to submit some recommendations to enhance the overall credit accessibility to MSMEs sector

Service provider switching: a study on the switching process in retail banking

In a business environment that is characterized by intense competition, building customer loyalty has become a key area of focus for most financial institutions. The explosion of the services sector, changing customer demographics and deregulation and emergence of new technology in the financial services industry have had a critical impact on consumers’ financial services buying behaviour. The changes have forced banks to modify their service offerings to customers so as to ensure high levels of customer satisfaction and also high levels of customer retention. Banks have historically had difficulty distinguishing their products from one another because of their relative homogeneity; with increasing competition,the problem has only intensified with no coherent distinguishing theme. Rising wealth, product proliferation, regulatory changes and newer technologies are together making bank switching easier for customers. In order to remain competitive, it is important for banks to retain their customer base. The financial services sector is the foundation for any economy and plays the role of mobilization of resources and their allocation. The retail banking sector in India has emerged as one of the major drivers of the overall banking industry and has witnessed enormous growth. Switching behaviour has a negative impact on the banks’ market share and profitability as the costs of acquiring customers are much higher than the costs of retaining. When customers switch, the business loses the potential for additional profits from the customer the initial costs invested in the customer by the business get . The Objective of the thesis was to examine the relationship among triggers that customers experience, their perceptions of service quality, consumers’ commitment and behavioral intentions in the contemporary India retail banking context through the eyes of the customer. To understand customers’ perception of these aspects, data were collected from retail banking customers alone for the purpose of analysis, though the banks’ views were considered during the qualitative work carried out prior to the main study. No respondent who is an employee of a banking organization was considered for the final study to avoid the possibility of any bias that could affect the results adversely. The data for the study were collected from customers who have switched banks and from those who were non switchers. The study attempted to develop and validate a multidimensional construct of service quality for retail banking from the consumer’s perspective. A major conclusion from the empirical research was the confirmation of the multidimensional construct for perceived service quality in the banking context. Switching can be viewed as an optimization problem for customers; customers review the potential gains of switching to another service provider against the costs of leaving the service provider. As banks do not provide tangible products, their service quality is usually assessed through service provider’s relationship with customers. Thus, banks should pay attention towards their employees’ skills and knowledge; assessing customers’ needs and offering fast and efficient services.

The use of public participation and economic appraisal for public involvement in large-scale hydropower projects: Case study of the Nam Theun 2 Hydropower Project

Gaining public acceptance is one of the main issues with large-scale low-carbon projects such as hydropower development. It has been recommended by the World Commission on Dams that to gain public acceptance, publicinvolvement is necessary in the decision-making process (WCD, 2000). As financially-significant actors in the planning and implementation of large-scale hydropowerprojects in developing country contexts, the paper examines the ways in which publicinvolvement may be influenced by international financial institutions. Using the casestudy of the NamTheun2HydropowerProject in Laos, the paper analyses how publicinvolvement facilitated by the Asian Development Bank had a bearing on procedural and distributional justice. The paper analyses the extent of publicparticipation and the assessment of full social and environmental costs of the project in the Cost-Benefit Analysis conducted during the projectappraisal stage. It is argued that while efforts were made to involve the public, there were several factors that influenced procedural and distributional justice: the late contribution of the Asian Development Bank in the projectappraisal stage; and the issue of non-market values and discount rate to calculate the full social and environmental costs.

The impact of deregulation and re-regulation on bank efficiency: evidence from Asia

Following the 1997 crisis, banking sector reforms in Asia have been characterised by the emphasis on prudential regulation, associated with increased financial liberalisation. Using a panel data set of commercial banks from eight major Asian economies over the period 2001-2010, this study explores how the coexistence of liberalisation and prudential regulation affects banks’ cost characteristics. Given the presence of heterogeneity of technologies across countries, we use a stochastic frontier approach followed by the estimation of a deterministic meta-frontier to provide ‘true’ estimates of bank cost efficiency measures. Our results show that the liberalization of bank interest rates and the increase in foreign banks' presence have had a positive and significant impact on technological progress and cost efficiency. On the other hand, we find that prudential regulation might adversely affect bank cost performance. When designing an optimal regulatory framework, policy makers should combine policies which aim to foster financial stability without hindering financial intermediation.

Estimating economic interactions of financial suppliers in Thailand

This paper presents a methodology to estimate and identify different kinds of economic interaction, whenever these interactions can be established in the form of spatial dependence. First, we apply the semi-parametric approach of Chen and Conley (2001) to the estimation of reaction functions. Then, the methodology is applied to the analysis financial providers in Thailand. Based on a sample of financial institutions, we provide an economic framework to test if the actual spatial pattern is compatible with strategic competition (local interactions) or social planning (global interactions). Our estimates suggest that the provision of commercial banks and suppliers credit access is determined by spatial competition, while the Thai Bank of Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives is distributed as in a social planner problem.

10 anos de internet banking: desvendando o processo de incorporação de tecnologia em um banco brasileiro através de uma abordagem sociotécnica

As instituições financeiras brasileiras, desde 1995, utilizam intensamente a Internet em benefício de seus negócios. Neste relatório apresentamos os resultados do trabalho de exploração do processo pelo qual a utilização da tecnologia da Internet tornou-se uma realidade para um banco brasileiro e sua evolução nesta instituição; examinando o processo à luz de uma perspectiva teórica não-difusionista, a abordagem da Teoria Ator-Rede. Identificou-se que diversos atores estiveram envolvidos com a incorporação da Internet pelo banco e estão envolvidos com a sua manutenção como uma tecnologia importante para a instituição; e várias estratégias foram, e são, adotadas para sustentar esta situação.

Sustainable development: Latin American and Caribbean perspectives

Includes bibliography

Multilateral banking and development financing in a context of financial volatility

Includes bibliography

The European Investment Bank and SMEs: key lessons for Latin America and the Caribbean

Incluye Bibliografía

Liberalization or financial development?

Includes bibliography

The modernization of bank supervision

Includes bibliography

The determinants of recent foreign bank penetration in Brazil

Includes bibliography

IDB lending to budget oversight institutions

Includes bibliography

Uso de modelos estatísticos para dados de escore de crédito de uma instituição financeira

Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção - FEB

Caminhos da política de saúde no Brasil: determinantes da “universalização excludente” em curso

O interesse deste estudo foi, de modo geral, poder identificar como o modelo privatista influenciou as ações da política pública de saúde no Brasil, como se deram os impactos da política macroeconômica neste sentido. Um dos pontos chave a ser verificado gira em torno da desigualdade de acesso da população ao serviço de saúde, com a não concretização da universalidade, gerando um processo denominado “universalização excludente”. Esse processo que consiste na migração de usuários do SUS para as operadoras de planos de saúde privados contribui para a mudança da racionalidade da saúde como direito para a racionalidade da eficiência, a racionalidade burguesa. Parte-se do referencial da Reforma Sanitária brasileira, como um marco da luta dos movimentos sociais pela democratização no país e como ponto inicial do reconhecimento da saúde enquanto direito de todos e dever do Estado, buscando fazer um resgate histórico deste movimento. Tem, ainda, como referência o pressuposto da minimização da atuação do Estado no trato às políticas sociais e a interferência direta de grandes organismos financeiros internacionais na condução do modo de fazer política de saúde, a exemplo do Banco Mundial. Esta consiste em uma pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho teórico, com o objetivo de proporcionar subsídios para a discussão do tema da política de saúde no Brasil, bem como promover e ampliar o debate teórico acerca da função que o Estado desempenha no modo de pensar e executar essa política.