Nuevas tecnologías y participación política en tiempos de globalización

Lo primero que se encontrará el lector y lectora en este cuadernillo es una breve y esquemática aproximación o contextualización histórica al uso de las redes telemáticas en política (2). Decía Wright Mills que “muchas veces tenemos que estudiar la historia para librarnos de ella”. De esta forma, una vez enmarcados y ubicados nuestros principales protagonistas, podemos olvidarnos (temporalmente) de esa historia que los ha llevado hasta donde ahora estamos. Además, en este trabajo hemos preferido optar por ecamino empírico, aquel que busca y encuentra casos prácticos a cada paso y que iluminan la senda. Muchas teorizaciones yerran sus análisis o profecías por apresurarse a afirmar categóricamente sin mirar fuera. Nosotros hemos optado por observar de cerca y quedarnos con muchos de los procesos que están, actualmente, en marcha. Es por ello que hemos dedicado gran parte de nuestra aportación a describir algunos casos que hemos valorado como relevantes: el tipo de acceso de las organizaciones sociales a las nuevas tecnologías (3.1), las movilizaciones contra la guerra y el papel de Internet en ellas (3.2) y la aparición de un nuevo movimiento social, los hackers (3.3). A continuación introducimos una pequeña encuesta de producción propia (4) que nos permitirá comparar con otros estudios realizados y sacar alguna conclusión tal vez aventurada. Finalmente dedicamos una parte considerable del estudio (5) a eso que se ha venido denominando la antiglobalización (los movimientos de resistencia a la globalización capitalista) y, en concreto, al papel de un recurso telemático nuevo y sumamente interesante, Indymedia (6), que aparece como complemento de los movimientos antes señalados. La intención final no es otra que obtener una radiografía aproximada de qué pasa y qué se mueve por las fibras y los cables de las redes que nos surcan y surcamos.

Consumo c(l)iente: abordagem do gênero anúncio publicitário em livros didáticos de língua portuguesa do ensino médio

Portuguese language textbooks, according to what has been preconized on the official document to education, have been configured on discursive genres imported from diverse spheres of human activity. Adverts, genre of ample social circulation, spread from the Advertising sphere to the schools and started being approached by these collectaneas as an object and a tool for teaching. Therefore, this research deals with the approach of ads in Portugese textbooks. These discursive practices matter for the impact or appeal they exert over the (new) consumers, among which High School students; for their representation in the capitalist system, which guides us on our relationships and social practices; and for the mix of languages that end up at their composition, once they encapsulate the spirit of our time, par excellence, the one from the verbal-visual genres. To understand the treatment given to these advertising pieces, from questions/commentaries related to them, two collections were selected by the Programa Nacional do Livro Didático – Textbook National Program (PNLD 2012) among the ones more used by public High Schools in Natal/RN. From Applied Linguistics, from mestizo, nomadic and inter/transdisciplinary identity (MOITA LOPES, 2009), this study falls within the discursive chain of the interpretive tradition of historical-cultural approach (FREITAS, 2010) and names the Bakhtin Circle and its language‟s dialogical conception as inescapable partners. The data of the colletaneas show that the genre approach can happen as concrete utterance, as linguistic artifact and as hybrid, at work with questions and without questions, with the predominance of its occurrence in the portion of the volume devoted to the study of grammar. In the literature chapters and production/interpretation of compositions, it insert is incipient or it doesn‟t happen in the volume. Such a provision has implications for multiliteracies (ROJO, 2012) of the citizen student, once the lack or the abundance of critical reading proposals for this genre, that demand from the student the exercise of knowledge that is necessary to the construction of linguistic and social meanings, can be responsible for guide to a more conscious consumerism (material and cultural) by the chief customers of the work under review. The approaches of the genres seems to indicate a gradual transition that such material have undergone, which means, from the focus on clauses to the focus on utterances, or even the approach as linguistic artifact to hybrid and the concrete utterance, in search of overcoming the traditional tendency of taking advantage of formal aspects of the language, to the detriment of enunciative ones, and for coming into harmony with the guidelines and parameters of teaching in contemporary times, bringing the school duties close to the rights in life.

Corpo, força e potência: Nietzsche e Spinoza no pensamento de Deleuze

This dissertation aims at showing the importance of the Nietzsche s and Spinoza s philosophy in Deleuze thought, about body, force, and potency concepts. The search starts from Deleuze texts around two authors of his inspiration, reaching understand in the plan of immanence of the relationship between concepts and the way life as ethics and political affirmation. The first goal is the concept of rhizome; propose by Deleuze in what manner to walk the ways traced by philosophers and at the same time to create self ways. The second chapter examines the body in Nietzsche as force s relations. Find to show the genesis of the force in its determination as relative quantity strong or weak, and as absolute quality active or reactive; and for other side the genesis of the force from two poles of the will to power affirmation or negation, examining the consequences for life and thought. In the third chapter explained the definitions of body in Spinoza. The body, in Spinoza, defines itself complex relation of movement and repose, velocity and slowness and by it s to affect and be affecter s power. Find to show understanding the mediums for to amplify the power of to exist or the potency of to act, in what manner ethics of to live. The fourth chapter makes one parallel between the war and the thought in the constitution of socials body and collectives agenciamientos, for understand in the fifth chapter the body as war s machine of the thought, from the relationship between nomad way life and war s machine showed in Tractate of Nomadologia. Wait like this to show the importance of the ethics and political thought than affirm the existence in the world through active force from that body s power.

EPISTEMOLOGIA/EPISTOLOGRAFIA: NOTAS PARA UMA CRÍTICA

A presente explanação desenvolve-se a partir das (MIGNOLO, 2003) cartas publicadas do escritor mineiro Fernando Sabino: Cartas na mesa (2002), Cartas a um jovem escritor e suas respostas (2003) e Cartas perto do coração (2011). Lidas em conjunto e de forma linear as cartas são (des)locadas de seu lócus (abstrato) original, isto é, o espaço intimo da convivência com os amigos. Tal fato já indica relevante característica do texto epistolar sinalizado no título da explanação, “pensamento nômade”, trata-se de uma metáfora fornecida por Brigitte Diaz em seu livro O gênero epistolar ou o pensamento nômade (2016) e que evoca, de forma apropriada, a natureza andarilha das cartas. Uma outra metáfora necessária e que transcende o texto é a das “teorias itinerantes” (MIGNOLO, 2003), sua presença justifica-se ao provocar reflexões em torno da teorização epistolográfica, visto que várias teorias já viajaram por cartas, como a psicanalise, fato que Jacques Derrida em Mal de arquivo (2001) menciona, e as considerações modernistas presente nas cartas de intelectuais como Mário de Andrade. Mas, e a teoria da carta? Terá ela viajado através do texto epistolar? Ou então foi forçada a, tal como um intruso, viajar a reboque nos espaços liminares da teorias européias? Ou, então, sua viajem foi inviabilizada justamente por ser “teoria” e não teorização?. Leitura essencialmente metafórica está envolta nas considerações de Walter Mignolo em Histórias locais/projetos globais (2003) acerca da dupla natureza da fronteira, geográfica e epistemológica, a fim de sustentar que a teorização epistolar nasce a partir das fronteiras.