COBALT PORPHYRIN NAFION FILM ON CARBON MICROARRAY ELECTRODE TO MONITOR OXYGEN FOR ENZYME ANALYSIS OF GLUCOSE

A microcarbon array electrode was modified by the placement of a Nafion film containing cobalt tetramethylpyridyl phorphyrin on its surface. This electrode was applied to the analysis of solution glucose when it was further modified by the immobilization of glucose oxidase on the outermost surface of the Nafion by the cross-linking of serum albumin with glutaraldehyde. The concomitant decrease in the concentration of oxygen, as it was consumed in the enzymatic reaction of glucose with glucose oxidase, was determined by either cyclic voltammetry or a double potential step method at the porphyrin-Nafion catalytic electrode. Glucose could be determined in the range of 0.01-4 mM rapidly, without interference from substances such as ascorbate or other saccharides.

Canais de informações e temas de interesse dos suinocultores, avicultores e técnicos, na região sul do Brasil.

2006

An approach to monitor the fraction of elemental carbon in the ultrafine aerosol

Attempts were made to measure the fraction of elemental carbon (EC) in ultrafine aerosol by modifying an Ambient Carbonaceous Particulate Monitor (ACPM, R&P 5400). The main modification consisted in placing a quartz filter in one of the sampling lines of this dual-channel instrument. With the filter all aerosol and EC contained in it is collected, while in the other line of the instrument the standard impactor samples only particles larger than 0.14 μm. The fraction of EC in particles smaller than 0.14 μm is derived from the difference in concentration as measured via the two sampling lines. Measurements with the modified instrument were made at a suburban site in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. An apparent adsorption artefact, which could not be eliminated by the use of denuders, precluded meaningful evaluation of the data for total carbon. Blanks in the measurements of EC were negligible and the EC data were hence further evaluated. We found that the concentration of EC obtained via the channel with the impactor was systematically lower than that in the filter-line. The average ratio of the concentrations was close to 0.6, which indicates that approximately 40% of the EC was in particles smaller than 0.14 μm. Alternative explanations for the difference in the concentration in the two sampling lines could be excluded, such as a difference in the extent of oxidation. This should be a function of loading, which is not the case. Another reason for the difference could be that less material is collected by the impactor due to rebound, but such bounce of aerosol is very unlikely in The Netherlands due to co-deposition of abundant deliquesced and thus viscous ammonium compounds. The conclusion is that a further modification to assess the true fraction of ultrafine EC, by installing an impactor with cut-off diameter at 0.1 μm, would be worth pursuing. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Temas de interesse no currículo de matemática do ensino médio

Este artigo apresenta resultados parciais de uma investigação de doutorado referente à busca de temas adequados aos interesses dos alunos, que estejam em sintonia com a vida moderna e que possibilitem desenvolver conteúdos matemáticos para o Currículo de Matemática, no Ensino Médio. Apresenta-se a história desta etapa da Educação Básica, no Brasil, visando uma compreensão do todo que possibilite identificar temas já trabalhados ou desenvolvidos no Currículo de Matemática. O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar quais seriam os possíveis temas a serem trabalhados, no Ensino Médio, que alie conteúdos matemáticos e temas de interesse. A metodologia de pesquisa apresenta uma abordagem qualitativa, pois permite que o pesquisador valide a pesquisa através da análise e descrição dos dados coletados pelo pesquisador. Um exemplo de tema a ser explorado, é a Criptografia, pois permite desenvolver conceitos matemáticos em atividades de codificação e decodificação, proporcionando o trabalho em grupo, a criação de estratégias de resolução de situações problemas e a recontextualização dos conteúdos envolvidos no tema abordado.

Publicidad: prensa del corazón y otros temas

Se han publicado en estos días de nuevo las estadísticas sobre el consumo de prensa en nuestro país: seguimos estando en 108 ejemplares por 1000 habitantes. Superamos ligeramente por arriba el nivel del subdesarrollo marcado por la UNESCO: 100 ejemplares. Y lejos, por supuesto, de los niveles de los países de nuestro entorno, que se suele decir ahora. Pero hay un elemento distorsionador. En esos países (Inglaterra, Alemania...) suben las estadísticas las tiradas de la prensa «amarilla», de los periódicos de cotilleos, suplidos aquí por las tiradas inmensas de las revistas del «corazón». A pesar de que suponen un capítulo importante de los medios, y por tanto de la conformación de la opinión pública, no siempre se tienen en cuenta, se les suele despreciar como poco importantes. Algo así ha pasado en esta sección... ¡hasta este momento!

Software educativo en línea para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de temas de Cálculo Numérico

En un proyecto de investigación finalizado, se diseñó un software de escritorio para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del tema Resolución Numérica de Ecuaciones no Lineales, usando el paquete MatLab.

On the Potential of Surfers to Monitor Environmental Indicators in the Coastal Zone

The social and economic benefits of the coastal zone make it one of the most treasured environments on our planet. Yet it is vulnerable to increasing anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Coastal management aims to mitigate these pressures while augmenting the socio-economic benefits the coastal region has to offer. However, coastal management is challenged by inadequate sampling of key environmental indicators, partly due to issues relating to cost of data collection. Here, we investigate the use of recreational surfers as platforms to improve sampling coverage of environmental indicators in the coastal zone. We equipped a recreational surfer, based in the south west United Kingdom (UK), with a temperature sensor and Global Positioning System (GPS) device that they used when surfing for a period of one year (85 surfing sessions). The temperature sensor was used to derive estimates of sea-surface temperature (SST), an important environmental indicator, and the GPS device used to provide sample location and to extract information on surfer performance. SST data acquired by the surfer were compared with data from an oceanographic station in the south west UK and with satellite observations. Our results demonstrate: (i) high-quality SST data can be acquired by surfers using low cost sensors; and (ii) GPS data can provide information on surfing performance that may help motivate data collection by surfers. Using recent estimates of the UK surfing population, and frequency of surfer participation, we speculate around 40 million measurements on environmental indicators per year could be acquired at the UK coastline by surfers. This quantity of data is likely to enhance coastal monitoring and aid UK coastal management. Considering surfing is a world-wide sport, our results have global implications and the approach could be expanded to other popular marine recreational activities for coastal monitoring of environmental indicators.