Executive functioning, metacognition, and self-perceived competence in elementary school children: An explorative study on their interrelations and their role for school achievement

In the present study, associations between executive functioning, metacognition, and self-perceived competence in the context of early academic outcomes were examined. A total of 209 children attending first grade were initially assessed in terms of their executive functioning and academic self-concept. One year later, children’s executive functioning, academic self-concept, metacognitive monitoring and control, as well as their achievement in mathematics and literacy were evaluated. Structural equation modeling revealed that executive functioning was significantly related to metacognitive control, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, and that self-concept was substantially associated with metacognitive monitoring, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Individual differences in executive functioning and metacognitive control were significantly related to academic outcomes, with metacognitive control appearing to yield a more circumscribed influence on academic outcomes (only literacy) compared to executive functioning (literacy and mathematics).

How need for cognition affects the processing of achievement-related information

The present article analyzed, how need for cognition (NFC) influences the formation of performance expectancies. When processing information, individuals with lower NFC often rely on salient information and shortcuts compared to individuals higher in NFC. We assume that these preferences of processing will also make individuals low in NFC more responsive to salient achievement-related cues because the processing of salient cues is cognitively less demanding than the processing of non-salient cues. Therefore, individuals lower in NFC should tend to draw wider ranging inferences from salient achievement-related information. In a sample of N = 197 secondary school students, achievement-related feedback (grade on an English examination) affected changes in expectancies in non-corresponding academic subjects (e.g., expectation of final grade in mathematics or history) when NFC was lower, whereas for students with higher NFC, changes in expectancies in non-corresponding academic subjects were not affected.

Relationship between sociometric types and academic achievement in a sample of compulsory secondary education students

The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between sociometric types, behavioural categories and academic achievement in a sample of 1,349 compulsory secondary education students (51.7% boys), ranging in age from 12 to 16 years. The students’ sociometric identification was performed by using the Programa Socio and academic performance was measured by school marks provided by teachers in the subjects of Spanish language, mathematics and average academic performance. The results show that sociometric types were significant predictors of academic achievement, as students who were rated positively by their peers (popular, leaders, collaborators and good students) were more likely to have high academic achievement (in mathematics, Spanish language and average academic achievement) than students rated negatively by peers (rejected-aggressive, rejected-shy, neglected and bullies).

Longitudinal relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and academic achievement

Copyright © 2016 by the American College of Sports Medicine

NAEP 1996 mathematics state report for Maine /

"NCES 97-974 ME"--P. [4] of cover.

NAEP 1996 mathematics state report for Michigan /

"NCES 97-974 MI"--P. [4] of cover.

NAEP 1996 mathematics state report for Kentucky /

"NCES 97-974 KY"--P. [4] of cover.

NAEP 1996 mathematics state report for Indiana /

"NCES 97-974 IN"--P. [4] of cover.

NAEP 1996 mathematics state report for Guam /

Mode of access: Internet.

NAEP 1996 mathematics state report for Georgia /

"NCES 97-974 GA"--P. [4] of cover.

NAEP 1996 mathematics state report for Louisiana /

"NCES 97-974 LA"--P. [4] of cover.

NAEP 1996 mathematics state report for Wisconsin /

"NCES 97-974 WI"--P. [4] of cover.

NAEP 1996 mathematics state report for Connecticut /

"NCES 97-974 CT"--P. [4] of cover.

NAEP 1996 mathematics state report for Maryland /

"NCES 97-974 MD"--P. [4] of cover.

NAEP 1996 mathematics state report for Vermont /

"NCES 97-974 VT"--P. [4] of cover.