Ablacao de Fibrilacao Atrial por Mapeamento Eletroanatomico: Eficacia e Fatores de Recorrencia

Fundamento: A ablação por cateter de radiofrequência guiada por mapeamento eletroanatômico é, atualmente, uma importante opção terapêutica para o tratamento da fibrilação atrial. A complexidade do procedimento, as diferentes técnicas e a diversidade de pacientes dificultam a reprodução dos resultados bem como a indicação do procedimento. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia e os fatores relacionados à recorrência de fibrilação atrial. Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo com pacientes consecutivos submetidos ao tratamento de fibrilação atrial por ablação e mapeamento eletroanatômico. Foram incluídos os seguintes pacientes: idade acima de 18 anos; portadores de fibrilação atrial paroxística, persistente ou persistente de longa duração; com registro de fibrilação atrial em eletrocardiograma, Holter ou ergometria (duração > 15 minutos); com sintomas associados aos episódios de fibrilação atrial; e apresentando refratariedade a, pelo menos, duas drogas antiarrítmicas (entre elas amiodarona) ou impossibilidade do uso de drogas antiarrítmicas. Resultados: Foram incluídos 95 pacientes (idade 55 ± 12 anos, 84% homens, CHADS2 médio = 0,8) que realizaram 102 procedimentos com seguimento mediano de 13,4 meses. A taxa livre de recorrência após o procedimento foi de 75,5% após 12 meses. Os pacientes portadores de fibrilação atrial paroxística e fibrilação atrial persistente apresentaram recorrência de 26,9% versus 45,8% dos pacientes portadores de fibrilação atrial persistente de longa duração (p = 0,04). Das variáveis analisadas, o tamanho do átrio esquerdo demonstrou ser preditor independente de recorrência de fibrilação atrial após o procedimento (HR = 2,58, IC95% = 1,36-4,89). Houve complicações em 4,9% dos procedimentos. Conclusão: A ablação de fibrilação atrial guiada por mapeamento eletroanatômico demonstrou ser um procedimento com boa eficácia. O aumento do tamanho do átrio esquerdo foi associado à recorrência de fibrilação atrial.

Mapeamento de solos através do caráter espectral, da rede de drenagem e da vegetação

O presente trabalho reuniu três metodologias conhecidas para o estudo de solos, todas associadas às técnicas de sensoriamento remoto. Para uma mesma área, os solos foram relacionados aos seus parâmetros espectrais obtidos digitalmente de imagens de satélite; os índices de drenagem da área foram também relacionados aos respectivos solos; a conhecida relação entre tipos de cerrado e respectivos solos suporte foi também estudada. Para cada situação foi preparado um mapa de solos, que se aproximava do mapa já existente. Quando as informações de tais mapas foram agregadas em um único mapa, a aproximação com o mapa de controle foi altamente satisfatória evidenciando a aplicabilidade da metodologia.

Marx's analysis of the falling rate of profit on the first version of volume III of capital

The paper provides a description and analysis of the Hodgskin section of Theories of Surplus Value and the general law section of the first version of Volume III of Capital. It then considers Part III of Volume III, the evolution of Marx's thought and various interpretations of his theory in the light of this analysis. It is suggested that Marx thought that the rate of profit must fall and even in the 1870s hoped to be able to provide a demonstration of this. However the main conclusions are: 1. Marx's major attempt to show that the rate of profit must fall occurred in the general law section. 2. Part III does not contain a demonstration that the rate of profit must fall. 3. Marx was never able to demonstrate that the rate of profit must fall and he was aware of this.

A Descriptive and analytic look at Marx's own explanations of the falling rate of profit (second version)

This paper examines, both descriptively and analytically, Marx's arguments for the falling rate of profit from the Hodgskin section of Theories of Surplus Value, The General Law section of the recently published Volume 33 of the Collected Works and Chapter 3 of Volume III of Capital. The conclusions are as follows: First, Marx realised that his main attempt to give an intrinsic explanation of the falling rate of profit, which occurred in the General Law section, had failed; but he still hoped that he would be able to demonstrate it in the future. Second, the Hodgskin and General Law sections contain a number of subsidiary explanations, mostly related to resource scarcity, some of which are correct. Third, Part III of volume III does not contain a demonstration of the falling rate of profit, but a description of the role of the falling rate of profit in capitalist development. Forth, it also contains suppressed references to resource scarcity. And finally, in Chapter 3 of Volume III, Marx says that it is resource scarcity that causes the fall in the rate of profit described in Part III of the same volume. The key to all these conclusions in the careful analysis of the General Law section.

A foundation model for marxian breakdown theories based on a new falling rate of profit mechanism (Long version)

The paper presents a foundation model for Marxian theories of the breakdown of capitalism based on a new falling rate of profit mechanism. All of these theories are based on one or more of "the historical tendencies": a rising capital-wage bill ratio, a rising capitalist share and a falling rate of profit. The model is a foundation in the sense that it generates these tendencies in the context of a model with a constant subsistence wage. The newly discovered generating mechanism is based on neo-classical reasoning for a model with land. It is non-Ricardian in that land augmenting technical progress can be unboundedly rapid. Finally, since the model has no steady state, it is necessary to use a new technique, Chaplygin's method, to prove the result.

A foundation model for marxian breakdown theories based on a new falling rate of profit mechanism.

The paper presents a foundation model for Marxian theories of the breakdown of capitalism based on a new falling rate of profit mechanism. All of these theories are based on one or more of ?the historical tendencies?: a rising capital-wage bill ratio, a rising capitalist share and a falling rate of profit. The model is a foundation in the sense that it generates these tendencies in the context of a model with a constant subsistence wage. The newly discovered generating mechanism is based on neo-classical reasoning for a model with land. It is non-Ricardian in that land augmenting technical progress can be unboundedly rapid. Finally, since the model has no steady state, it is necessary to use a new technique, Chaplygin?s method, to prove the result.

A descriptive and analytic look at Marxs own explanations for the falling rate of profit

Marxs conclusions about the falling rate of profit have been analysed exhaustively. Usually this has been done by building models which broadly conform to Marxs views and then showing that his conclusions are either correct or, more frequently, that they can not be sustained. By contrast, this paper examines, both descriptively and analytically, Marxs arguments from the Hodgskin section of Theories of Surplus Value, the General Law section of the recently published Volume 33 of the Collected Works and Chapter 3 of Volume III of Capital. It also gives a new interpretation of Part III of this last work. The main conclusions are first, that Marx had an intrinsic explanation of the falling rate of profit but was unable to give it a satisfactory demonstration and second, that he had a number of subsidiary explanations of which the most important was resource scarcity. The paper closes with an assessment of the pedigree of various currents of Marxian thought on this issue.

A descriptive and analytic look at Marxs own explanations for the falling rate of profit (Long Version)

Marxs conclusions about the falling rate of profit have been analysed exhaustively. Usually this has been done by building models which broadly conform to Marxs views and then showing that his conclusions are either correct or, more frequently, that they can not be sustained. By contrast, this paper examines, both descriptively and analytically, Marxs arguments from the Hodgskin section of Theories of Surplus Value, the General Law section of the recently published Volume 33 of the Collected Works and Chapter 3 of Volume III of Capital. It also gives a new interpretation of Part III of this last work. The main conclusions are first, that Marx had an intrinsic explanation of the falling rate of profit but was unable to give it a satisfactory demonstration and second, that he had a number of subsidiary explanations of which the most important was resource scarcity. The paper closes with an assessment of the pedigree of various currents of Marxian thought on this issue.

Land, technical progress and the falling rate of profit

The paper sets out a one sector growth model with a neoclassical production function in land and a capital-labour aggregate. Capital accumulates through capitalist saving, the labour supply is infinitely elastic at a subsistence wage and all factors may experience factor augmenting technical progress. The main result is that, if the elasticity of substitution between land and the capital-labour aggregate is less than one and if the rate of caital augmenting technical progress is strictly positive, then the rate of profit will fall to zero. The surprise is that this result holds regardless of the rate of land augmenting technical progress; that is, no amount of technical advance in agriculture can stop the fall in the rate of profit. The paper also discusses the relation of this result to the classical and Marxist literature and sets out the path of the relative price of land.

Competition for FDI and profit shifting: On the effects of subsidies and tax breaks

We investigate competition for FDI within a region when a foreign multinational rm can profitably exploit differences in statutory corporate tax rates by shifting taxable pro ts to lower-tax jurisdictions. In such framework we show that targeted tax competition may lead to higher welfare for the region as a whole than lump-sum subsidies when the difference in statutory corporate tax rates and/or their average is high enough. Tax competition is also preferable from an efficiency point of view (overall surplus) by changing the firm's investment decision when pro t shifting motivations induce the rm to locate in the (before tax) least pro table country.

A logistic regression approach to estimating customer profit loss due to lapses in insurance

This article focuses on business risk management in the insurance industry. A methodology for estimating the profit loss caused by each customer in the portfolio due to policy cancellation is proposed. Using data from a European insurance company, customer behaviour over time is analyzed in order to estimate the probability of policy cancelation and the resulting potential profit loss due to cancellation. Customers may have up to two different lines of business contracts: motor insurance and other diverse insurance (such as, home contents, life or accident insurance). Implications for understanding customer cancellation behaviour as the core of business risk management are outlined.

Thymic selection generates a large T cell pool recognizing a self-peptide in humans.

The low frequency of self-peptide-specific T cells in the human preimmune repertoire has so far precluded their direct evaluation. Here, we report an unexpected high frequency of T cells specific for the self-antigen Melan-A/MART-1 in CD8 single-positive thymocytes from human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-A2 healthy individuals, which is maintained in the peripheral blood of newborns and adults. Postthymic replicative history of Melan-A/MART-1-specific CD8 T cells was independently assessed by quantifying T cell receptor excision circles and telomere length ex vivo. We provide direct evidence that the large T cell pool specific for the self-antigen Melan-A/MART-1 is mostly generated by thymic output of a high number of precursors. This represents the only known naive self-peptide-specific T cell repertoire directly accessible in humans.

Cutting edge: IL-7 regulates the peripheral pool of adult ROR gamma+ lymphoid tissue inducer cells.

During fetal life, CD4(+)CD3(-) lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells are required for lymph node and Peyer's patch development in mice. In adult animals, CD4(+)CD3(-) cells are found in low numbers in lymphoid organs. Whether adult CD4(+)CD3(-) cells are LTi cells and are generated and maintained through cytokine signals has not been directly addressed. In this study we show that adult CD4(+)CD3(-) cells adoptively transferred into neonatal CXCR5(-/-) mice induced the formation of intestinal lymphoid tissues, demonstrating for the first time their bona fide LTi function. Increasing IL-7 availability in wild-type mice either by IL-7 transgene expression or treatment with IL-7/anti-IL-7 complexes increased adult LTi cell numbers through de novo generation from bone marrow cells and increased the survival and proliferation of LTi cells. Our observations demonstrate that adult CD4(+)lineage(-) cells are LTi cells and that the availability of IL-7 determines the size of the adult LTi cell pool.

Mapeamento dos indicadores de desempenho organizacional em pesquisas da área de Administração, Ciências Contábeis e Turismo no período de 2000 a 2008

A questão da avaliação do desempenho organizacional continua sendo uma atividade fundamental na gestão empresarial. Os indicadores de desempenho assumem papel central, por configurarem-se como instrumentos capazes de fornecer informações para o processo de tomada de decisão. No estudo aqui apresentado, objetivou-se investigar, sob a ótica da avaliação de desempenho organizacional, as características dos indicadores de desempenho utilizados nas pesquisas da área de Administração, Ciências Contábeis e Turismo, no período de 2000 a 2008. Optou-se por uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, que identificou 2.646 artigos que apresentavam no título, no resumo e/ou nas palavras-chave as terminologias: avaliação, desempenho, performance, decisão, mensuração, avaliação de desempenho e assessment. Desses, selecionaram-se os artigos que apresentavam os termos indicador, critério, atributo e medida, resultando em 85 artigos que tiveram seus conteúdos analisados. Constatou-se que 61,14% dos artigos analisados apresentavam a terminologia indicador de desempenho (ID), e 73% não apresentavam o conceito de ID. Os indicadores utilizados apresentavam, em sua maioria, foco econômico-financeiro e eram quantitativos com mensuração ordinal. Em linhas gerais, os indicadores de desempenho organizacionais conseguiram atingir o objetivo de auxiliar no processo decisório, uma vez que 76% dos artigos investigados apresentaram as vantagens de sua aplicação.