1000 resultados para Livros didáticos
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Portuguese textbook has been the focus of many investigations, nevertheless, the theme still has much to be discussed, reflected and broadened. This conviction mobilized us to perform this research, seeking to answer three questions: (1) how does the author of the textbook induce the student to give his opinion in comprehension questions of text in Portuguese textbook of 4th and 5thgrade? Which enunciative links are used by the author of the textbook in comprehension questions of text concerning to the assumption of enunciative responsability? And (3) Which enunciative links are used by the author of the textbook in comprehension questions of text concerning to the non assumption of enunciative responsability? In this direction, we define as objective to id entify, describe, analyze and interpret how the (non) assumption of enunciative responsibility materializes itself in Portuguese textbooks. The theme is echoed in the guidelines of the Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais PCN (1998; 2001), who assume that all education committed to citizenship need to create conditions in order the student can develop his discursive competence" (BRAZIL, 1998, p. 23). This assertion of PCN (1998; 2001) is closely related to our research object, and therefore, it has corroborated to the accomplishment of this study. So, we analyze the comprehension questions of the texts that are elaborated by the authors of Portuguese textbooks of the 4th and 5th grade, used at public schools in the city of Natal-RN in 2010. As a theoretical basis, we have considered the postulates of Textual Analysis of Discourses ATD and Enunciative Linguistics. Our research was mainly based on the studies of Adam (2011), Nølke (1994; 2001; 2006; 2009; 2013), Nølke, Fløttum e Norén (2004) Rabatel (2004; 2005; 2008; 2009), Guentchéva (1994; 1996). Our data analysis revealed that the authors of Portuguese textbooks explore the reading comprehension, inducing students to answer questions that may be categorized like: (1) induction to the assumption of enunciative responsibility, (2) induction for non assumption the enunciative responsibility, (3) orientation for the study of vocabulary and grammar and (4) orientation of extra themes. The results from the comparison of the books of 4th and 5th grade of the two analyzed collections, we observed through the links of (non) responsability Nølke (1994; 2001; 2006; 2009; 2013), Nølke, Fløttum e Norén (2004), which in 79% of the questions, the authors induce the decoding of a content objectively inscribed in the text. In this sense, the notion of understanding a text is compromised, since it is limited to copying contents or transcription exercises, failing to consider the interactive use of language, or rather, failing to expand the student's knowledge in the (re)construction of the text of the meanings. This shows that there is a lack in the deal with the text that includes the textual discursive resources in the reading activities in Portuguese textbooks. We recall, in this direction, the works of Marcuschi (2005), Antunes (2003, 2005), and Bunzen Rojo (2008), among others authors who contributed greatly to orient the choice of Portuguese textbooks. Finally, we believe that the study about the enunciative responsibility phenomenon in Portuguese texto oks offers, above all, instruments in order to the interlocutors identify the elements present in the enunciation and the effects that these elements bring to the (re) construction of the meanings in texts that they read and write in the classroom.
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This work appears as a reflection on the oral modality of the language in the teaching of Portuguese Language from textbooks proposed for the elementary school. It has as main aim to analyze the textbooks for the Youth and Adult Education - EJA (6th and 7th grade), the collection "It is time to learn", specifically in regard to educational activities focusing on oral proposals in their constituent units. It is a process of reflection with a view to submitting suggestions arising from the discussions held, given the fact that the writing mode has been identified by some scholars, between these Marcuschi (2005), as the most privileged in the classroom and in most manuals that guide the teaching of Portuguese Language. In this work, we start from a broader vision from the principles of dialogic pedagogy by Paulo Freire perspectives towards pedagogical practices that favor the development of linguistic and discursive student skills. In this sense, we emphasize the formation of a critical subject, who can argue and defend points of view, using oral or written language, in various social situations. In this view, this paper set up aims to identify, describe and interpret the activities proposed to the oral modality of Portuguese Language, from interactional theoretical bases, based on authors as Marcuschi (2005, 2010), Fávero, Andrade and Aquino (1999) Schneuwly and Dolz (2004), Antunes (2009), among others. In addition, the objective was to suggest other educational activities, as a way of expanding the existing ones, in order that addressed more efficiently, to aspects of orality been proposed and aspects of formal oral genres. Methodologically, it is a qualitative research, in which, from the teaching materials used in the classroom, there was a reflection on the orality and the oral teaching of the Portuguese language and has been proposed an expansion of activities one oral mode. In this reflection, analysis of the results revealed that the books investigated, used in Portuguese classes in EJA, include in their proposals orality as an object and teaching axis. However, we appoint the need to expand the teaching proposals with the existing activities in order to give greater emphasis to important aspects of orality already prioritized, and also to address to the formal public genres. In seeking to make suggestions and educational proposals that integrate with existing, we postulated the most effective development for oral skills for the EJA student, in Freire's perspective, as also we thought in a way to provide subsidies which could guide teachers of the Portuguese Language area at the fundamental level of education.
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O presente trabalho investiga a análise dos critérios de seleção e escolha do livro didático de História pelos professores da rede pública de educação do Colégio Pedro II da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no período entre 2010-2012, período dos processos de escolha do livro didático, promovidos pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático – PNLD e o Programa Nacional do Livro do Ensino Médio. Através da análise dos critérios de seleção do livro didático de história, dos professores da rede pública de educação do Colégio Pedro II da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, propomos compreender os processos educativos formais e não formais que envolvem o fazer docente, nesse caso a própria elaboração do currículo, e as influências do livro didático diretamente nos contextos educacionais, com base nas pesquisas que visam habilitar o historiador-docente a ter capacidade de auxiliar o ensino dos discentes de forma a contribuir significativamente para um ensino pautado em métodos e pesquisas que possibilitem o próprio historiador-docente a desenvolver seu trabalho não somente através de pesquisas, mas também práticas, alcançando a práxis de um currículo pautado em pesquisas historiográficas.
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Procuramos analisar em nosso trabalho o conteúdo referente à América Latina em três livros didáticos, além de suas referências e bases teóricas. Verificamos que, exatamente por se buscarem elementos unificadores para toda a região, estão ausentes discussões como: as origens do termo “América Latina”, a proposta inicial de sua formação e a pertinência dessa região para o conjunto de países que a integram, tendo em vista a diversidade – aspectos físico-geográficos, níveis de desenvolvimento socioeconômico, nacionalidades e identidades étnicas – que eles apresentam. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho constatou a necessidade de uma reformulação do conteúdo, menos simplificadora e mais questionadora da “realidade latino-americana”. Assim, ao contrário de continuar a busca por elementos que justifiquem a existência de uma região chamada América Latina, esperamos que se busquem outros critérios para uma regionalização menos generalizante, inclusive questionando se América Latina seria um recorte adequado para o ensino de geografia.
A seleção e a produção de materiais didáticos no processo do ensino do português aos alunos chineses
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Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino do Português como Língua segunda e Estrangeira
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A Educação Nutricional é conceituada como um processo educativo no qual, através da união de conhecimentos e experiências do educador e do educando, vislumbra-se tornar os sujeitos autônomos e seguros para realizarem suas escolhas alimentares de forma que garanta uma alimentação saudável e prazerosa, propiciando, o atendimento de suas necessidades fisiológicas, psicológicas e sociais. Embora a prática pedagógica do professor envolva diversas dimensões, como sua pesquisa constante para o aprimoramento de seu trabalho, um livro didático com textos adequados, ilustrações pertinentes e informações atualizadas auxiliam no planejamento de ensino. Nesta dissertação apresenta-se um estudo exploratório que tem por objetivo analisar os conteúdos de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional em livros didáticos de Ciências do 8º ano adotados em escolas públicas brasileiras. Os manuais pesquisados são referentes ao triênio 2011-2013. A análise dos livros didáticos realizou-se de acordo com as seguintes categorias: nutrientes, higiene de alimentos, conservação de alimentos e saúde. A carência de material encontrado nos livros didáticos ou sua inadequação em relação às referências especializadas sugere que os docentes tenham capacitação na área de Educação Nutricional, para assim, passarem a escolher materiais de base que se aperfeiçoem às suas necessidades e procedimentos de trabalho em sala de aula.
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Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Comunicação - Mestrado da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul.
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La enseñanza de problemas se ha investigado en la didáctica de las ciencias naturales como un medio importante para desarrollar el aprendizaje de los conocimientos científicos y la formación de competencias básicas. Dada la importancia de los libros de texto para la enseñanza de la ciencia, con el fin de verificar el enfoque de la enseñanza con problemas en los libros de química, se procedió a una investigación realizada en las obras aprobadas en PNLD 2012, basado en el método de Análisis de Contenido. Se analizó el contenido de la estructura atómica, como marco teórico la perspectiva de la enseñanza problémica, basada en el materialismo histórico y dialéctico. Metodológicamente la investigación presenta un carácter cualitativo. Los resultados del análisis de contenido corroboraron la cuestiones de estudio iniciales relacionadas con la explicación centrándose en los problemas, lo que permitió inferir la elaboración de una Unidad Didactica basada en los métodos problémicos para la enseñanza de los modelos atómicos por la exposición problémica, la conversación heurística y la busca parcial, como forma de aproximar los estudiantes a la naturaleza de las ciencias naturales y contribuir al desarrollo de actitudes positivas en el aprendizaje de la química
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PNLEM came out in 2004 and modified the view about schoolbook in Brazil. New perspectives pointed towards constitution of a more critical citizen as of an interdisciplinary and more contextualized teaching, made schoolbook understand these changes.But not always these alterations are checked up on by all means,because what we notice are adaptation of works have already known on market, where texts that are placed reveal environmental, socioeconomic, historical facts or daily phenomenon, or then scientific relevancy examples.We thus offer to analyse contents of chemical thermodynamics and physics for high school which are shown on schoolbook of chemistry and physics validated by PNLEM 2012, now called PNLD, studying the facts if these works bring these scientific sociocultural standpoint as well as their historical context,considering as analysis categories the following criteria: presentation of introduction, content contextualizing,presentation of concepts, thermodynamics historical context, representation in microscopic level and proposal of experiments.Eleven books were analysed,being five of chemistry and six of physics.So was applied a questionnaire with physics and chemistry teachers of high school to have an impression of their opinion about their teaching strategies and about schoolbook.This work grounded in orientations of legal documents about high school in Brazil (LDB,PCN,PCN+,OCEM) and in research on science teaching that regards specifically schoolbook and physics and chemical thermodynamics teaching.Were eleven books in number, only four denoted much coherence with new perspectives for high school, being two of chemistry and two of physics,whose concern about contextualizing and with a much integrated view of science to student s reality,indicating much social and critical character.The rest, when don t overlook,regard cultural and historical,socioeconomic contexts in isolated manner from presented concepts,aside from content
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS
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Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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The school textbook is an important pedagogic resource in the classroom, and it is frequently the only one. But, an analysis of the Maternal Language’s textbooks in Brazil and in Portugal allowed us to detect serious didactic obstacles to the learning of the language in its semiotic omnifuncionality. In this paper we are going to present the results of a project that involves the presence of a children’s literature book in the classroom instead of the textbook adaptations. We developed activities before, during and after the reading in a fourth grade class of an Elementary School in Brazil and Portugal having the aim of build readers.