Adaptación de la asignatura optativa 'Química Básica' al sistema de transferencia de créditos europeos (ECTS) en tres especialidades de la diplomatura de Magisterio de Cuenca.

Monográfico con el título: 'La Universidad de la Convergencia. El crédito europeo. Metodología de reforma'. Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Un PCPI nuevo, innovador y compartido : operaciones auxiliares en industrias y laboratorios qu??micos y alimentarios

Se presenta una iniciativa llevada a cabo en el IES Santiago Ap??stol (Almendralejo, Badajoz) que ten??a por objeto establecer la propuesta curricular de un Programa de Cualificaci??n Profesional Inicial de la modalidad aula profesional experimental con el perfil de Operador auxiliar en Industrias y Laboratorios Qu??micos y Alimentos en el ??mbito de la Comunidad Aut??noma de Extremadura

Laboratorios de aprendizaje musical: el impacto de las plataformas educativas virtuales

La actual sociedad del conocimiento ha deparado nuevos retos en el ámbito pedagógico, así como en la formación de formadores, pilar indispensable del sistema educativo. El conjunto de saberes y procedimientos didácticos que los futuros profesionales de la educación tienen que adquirir a lo largo de sus estudios iniciales, deben capacitarles para dar respuesta a los requisitos que demanda la nueva sociedad de la información y la comunicación (Cabero, 1998). Asimismo, es necesario que estos futuros profesionales, y los profesores que los forman, tengan un conocimiento directo y de primera mano, sobre la realidad que se vive en las aulas de primaria y secundaria: las motivaciones del alumnado, las dificultades más comunes en los procesos de enseñanzaaprendizaje o la reciente introducción de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (en adelante TIC) en las diferentes materias que componen el currículo, entre otras (Cabero, 2002). Dewey (1967), pedagogo y fundador de la llamada Escuela Nueva, planteó que el propósito principal de la educación, como condicionante de las distintas tareas o aspectos del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, debía estar orientado de acuerdo a los intereses de los propios alumnos, es decir, por las fuerzas interiores que llevan a éstos a la búsqueda de la información educativa y al desarrollo de las habilidades cognoscitivas. Esta tendencia pedagógica alcanza un mayor auge en los intentos por dirigir a los educandos más hacia las acciones prácticas concretas que hacia los ejercicios teóricos

Proceso penal de menores: especialidades derivadas del interés de los menores y opciones de política criminal

El presente trabajo se concibió con la vocación de devenir una aportación al estudio del proceso penal de menores. Por ello, originariamente, se planteó como un análisis de todas y cada una de las fases de dicho proceso. Sin embargo, rápidamente este objetivo se demostró inalcanzable por cuanto, de una primera aproximación a los preceptos de la norma, se aprecia que en la misma, se contiene «algo más» que algunas especialidades o especificidades con respecto a los procesos penales de adultos. Como premisa de partida, cabe considerar que el proceso diseñado por la L.O. 5/2000, al estar concebido exclusivamente para el enjuiciamiento de las conductas delictivas presuntamente cometidas por menores de edad, puede incardinarse en la categoría de los procesos especiales. Esta constatación, sin embargo, no era suficiente, a nuestro juicio, para justificar un proceso en el que aparecían figuras e instituciones procesales hasta el momento inéditas en el ordenamiento jurídico español. Por ello el planteamiento inicial al que se aludía fue sustancialmente modificado, sin que a la postre, ello haya supuesto una alteración sustancial del objetivo primigenio. El trabajo de investigación se inicia con un interrogante, que podría formularse como sigue: Aceptando que la edad es el elemento determinante de la existencia de una rama del derecho penal específicamente dedicada a los menores, ¿hasta qué punto dicho elemento condiciona la acción del legislador en el sentido de establecer un cuerpo normativo significativamente diferenciado del previsto para los adultos?

Diseño de una estrategia de ventaja competitiva. Caso: Centro de Especialidades Médicas Mesías

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo mejorar la situación actual del Centro de Especialidades Médicas Mesías ubicado en la Parroquia de Carcelén, uno de los sectores más poblados e importantes de la zona norte de la ciudad de Quito. En la actualidad acudir a los hospitales o clínicas exige de tiempo y en algunos casos dependiendo la categoría del hospital o clínica se requiere un alto respaldo monetario, por ende, el Centro de Especialidades Médicas Mesías constituye un servicio importante para la comunidad que busca mejorar el nivel de vida y salud de sus integrantes a costos bajos, rapidez en el servicio, en relación a las demás entidades de salud. Esta microempresa familiar se dedica a brindar atención médica en las especialidades de pediatría y ginecología. En los últimos años en este sector se ha notado un incremento en el número de centros médicos que se dedican a las mismas especialidades, aumentando así la oferta en el sector, por lo que ha producido un descenso en el número de pacientes en el centro médico. Para enfrentar este entorno se requiere la implementación de una estrategia competitiva que le permita obtener armas para defenderse de sus rivales, para ello se desea aplicar el modelo de las 5 fuerzas de Michael Porter y la cadena de valor, con el fin de conocer tanto la parte externa como interna de la organización. Estas herramientas ayudarán a tener un mayor conocimiento en cuanto al desempeño de todas las áreas en donde exista un mal manejo de los recursos; además permite conocer que medidas pueden tomarse para que dichas áreas se vuelvan más eficientes, facilitando tomar mejores decisiones que beneficien a la organización y así mantenerse en el tiempo.

Influencia de la satisfacción laboral en el desempeño del personal de los laboratorios Ecua - American

El presente trabajo en su contexto general, detalla un análisis de todos los aspectos relacionados al clima organizacional y al desempeño laboral de los trabajadores, de Ecua – American S.A., con la finalidad de proponer alternativas de mejora, que sirvan de guía a los directivos de la empresa, para fomentar un ambiente laboral agradable y motivador para sus empleados, y de esta manera incrementar su desempeño laboral. La investigación efectuada es de carácter descriptica, la población en estudio estuvo conformada en sus totalidad por noventa y seis (96) empleados, a los que se les administró una encuesta de escala valorativa tipo Likert de cuarenta y un (41) ítems, ésta permitió tener una visión clara y precisa de las percepciones y sentimientos asociados a las diferentes condiciones que determinar el ambiente laboral de la empresa y que inciden en el desempeño de los empleados. La interpretación de los resultados se basó en el estudio de nueve (9) dimensiones las cuales se enfocaron a la naturaleza del trabajo, respeto y consideración hacia los empleados, la comunicación y relación entre los compañeros de trabajo, supervisión, desarrollo y entrenamiento al personal, la satisfacción general de los empleados, los beneficios sociales, y la evaluación de las condiciones para el desempeño de los empleados; darán a conocer la situación actual en la que se ha de fortalecer aquellos factores que presenten deficiencias y reforzar los que han contribuido al buen desenvolvimiento de la empresa para ejercer un cambio proyectado que maximice la eficiencia y eficacia del personal de la empresa. El primer capítulo contiene el marco teórico en cual reúne varias conceptualizaciones que enmarcan a la satisfacción y al desempeño laboral y que sirven de sustento, para la aplicación de la propuesta a partir del planteamiento de hipótesis. En el segundo capítulo se plasman los antecedentes y estructura de la empresa Ecua- American S.A., y descripciones de las actividades que desarrolla en la empresa. Además se plantea la modalidad de la investigación, así como la metodología de recolección de la información, para a través de ella evidenciar tentativas de solución, mismas que permitan conseguir resultados favorables en beneficio de la empresa. En cuanto al tercer capítulo se detalla la propuesta, con su respectivo proceso de implementación del mismo como herramienta de gestión empresarial.

Avaliação quanto à carga poluidora dos efluentes líquidos de quatro hospitais de diferentes especialidades no município de Porto Alegre

Este trabalho avaliou o lançamento de efluentes líquidos de quatro hospitais, de diferentes especialidades médicas, no município de Porto Alegre – RS, Brasil. Foi realizada uma pesquisa previa, nas especialidades de Traumatologia, Pneumologia, Oncologia e Geral, a fim de obter dados referentes ao descarte dos respectivos efluentes. Após foram realizadas cinco amostragens de cada especialidade hospitalar durante um ano. Os parâmetros determinados seguiram a Portaria Nº 05/89 – SSMA que aprova a Norma Técnica SSMA Nº 01/89 – DMA, que dispõe sobre critérios e padrões de efluentes líquidos a serem observados por todas as fontes poluidoras que lançam seus efluentes nos corpos d’água interiores do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Dos trinta e cinco parâmetros avaliados em cada amostragem, para cada hospital, vinte e oito apresentaram, concentração dentro do limite de descarte determinado pela Portaria 05/89, e sete ultrapassaram os limites de concentração da mesma Legislação. O consumo médio de água e a geração de esgotos, relacionados ao número de leitos, aproximase com os valores apresentados nas referências bibliográficas, considerando que, o número de atendimentos influencia diretamente na geração de efluentes hospitalares. A relação entre os resultados de DBO5 e DQO, de todas as especialidades, indica semelhança aos efluentes domésticos. Os resultados das concentrações de DBO5, DQO, Nitrogênio Total, Fósforo Total, pH, Coliformes Fecais e Coliformes Totais, tratados estatisticamente, apresentam semelhanças entre as amostragens e as especialidades comprovando que não há diferenças significativas entre efluentes líquidos nas especialidades hospitalares estudadas.

Análise estratégica para as novas empresas químicas de especialidades: uma proposição inicial formada a partir da análise de conceitos de diferentes escolas estratégicas

Apresenta uma discussão estratégica das novas empresas químicas de especialidades, formadas na década de 90 a partir de um novo posicionamento das megaempresas químicas globais. A análise é realizada sob os conceitos das Escolas do Posicionamento e do Aprendizado. O trabalho propõe a utilização de uma estratégia baseada nos conceitos da Escola do posicionamento porém adotando conceitos da escola do Aprendizado de forma a adaptar-se a futuras modificações do mercado que devem ocorrer a médio prazo neste segmento. Aponta uma nova ferramenta de implantação estratégica - Balanced Scorecard.

Os Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas como suporte da atenção básica: uma avaliação na perspectiva da integralidade

The public dental services in Brazil were limited, practically, to the basic care, so that the specialized services acted, up to 2002, no more than 3,5% of the total of clinical procedures. That lower offer reveals the difficulty of continuity of the attention, that is, the comprehensiveness in the assistance, particulary, the reference and counter-reference system. Brasil Sorridente search to supply those needs when proposing Speciality Dental's Centers(CEOs Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas, Brazil) to compose the services of average complexity. In 2005, Ministry of Health enabled the three CEOs of Natal, located in the North II, East and West Sanitary Districts. This investigation evaluated the implantation of these CEOs, as support of the family health care teams, in the perspective of organization of the services in assistencial nets in Natal/RN. It was a study of evaluation, with qualitative approach and some quantitative data as contribution. Dentists, users and managers were interviewed to identify and to understand their perceptions, relationships and experiences in the daily of the services. The conceptual base that orientated the investigation was the principle of comprehensiveness, in its operational sense of the hierarchization in health attention levels. The collection of data was done with documental research, direct observation and semi-structured interview. The analysis was accomplished by triangulation of the extracted content from the used techniques and sources of interviewed groups depositions, looking for theoretical-conceptual support in specific bibliography. The results pointed aspects that go away from the comprehensiveness like: low resolution of problems in the basic net; little valorization of the space in the health units; traditional models of access to health services, insufficient offer for some specialties, compromising the reference and counter-reference system; practices centered in procedures in the CEO; bureaucratic directions from basic care to the specialized service; disintegrated and disjointed system among levels of attention; disrespect to the municipal protocol. On the other hand, there is an approach of compreensiveness in situations like: increase of the access and covering in the Family Health Strategy (ESF Estratégia Saúde da Família, Brazil); larger approach between professional and user; tendency to the quantitative and qualitative growth of specialized actions; punctual initiatives of relationships among levels; existence of protocol to guide professionals

Centros de especialidades odontológicas: avaliação da atenção de média complexidade na rede pública da Grande Natal

The Specialized Dental Care Centers (CEO) were developed to provide specialized dental care to the population, given the accumulated needs of health since the past. They must operate as units of reference for the Oral Health Team of the Primary Care, complementing the dental procedures performed at this level of attention. This study aims to assess the performance of CEOs of the Grande Natal Health Region as a strategy of Secondary Care consolidation in oral health through users, dentists and managers. For this to try to identify factors about access, hosting and satisfaction with the service, the actions developed in these centers, integration between the CEOs and the Basic Health Units (UBS), considering the reference and counter reference. Data were collected through semi-structured interview, conducted in four CEOs, among 253 users, 31 dentists and 4 managers. It was submitted to descriptive statistical analysis and to content analysis by software ALCESTE 4.5. The results revealed that the specialties of prosthesis, endodontics and surgery were the most sought by 38.2%, 23.7% and 21.7% of respondents, respectively. It was noticed that among users aged 18 to 30 years-old the greatest demand is for the specialty of endodontics (44.4%) and over 50 years for prosthesis (76.4%). There is a weakness in the reference and counter reference between UBS and CEO, because part of users goes directly to the centers without going before to the Primary Care and the majority does not want to return to the dentist of Health Unit. Satisfaction with care was reported by 90.9% of users, because they resolved the problems needed and were welcomed by the team. But the delay in care was the main factor for not satisfaction. For most dentists, some users could solve their problems completely in Primary Care, which shows the existence of unnecessary referrals to the CEOs, however they consider the existence of limiting factors in UBS that compromise the service. Most dentists revealed that some users do not get to CEOs with the basic dental treatment done, and some of them do not counter reference users. It can be concluded that the studied CEOs are being resolutive for those who access them, offering necessary care for the population, and if they don t account with this service, will encounter obstacles to resolution of problems, ranging seek care service in particular, in another public sector, or even giving up treatment. However, it is perceived the need of professionals training to understand the importance of the reference and counter reference, to that they can better serve and guide users. It is also important that cities offer better conditions to UBS and CEOs, so they can work together, with complementary actions of oral health, seeking full care, aiming for better resolution to the users' health problems

Satisfação dos usuários e qualidade dos tratamentos protéticos realizados nos centros de especialidades odontológicas da grande Natal RN

Aim: To evaluate user satisfaction and quality of prosthetic treatments performed in specialized dental clinics (CEOs) of Natal Metropolitan Region - RN. Methods: Cross-sectional study with subjects who underwent prosthetic CEOs in the cities of Natal, Macaíba, Parnamirim and Sao Goncalo do Amarante in the period 2007 to 2009. Data collection was performed by questionnaire, clinical examination of the oral cavity and examination of fabricated denture. This analysis involved the following aspects: retention, stability, aesthetics and prosthesis fixation. The variables are presented by means of absolute numbers and proportions. The determination of the association between the independent and dependent variables was conducted by the association of Chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Results: A total of 149 users, totaling 233 conventional dentures (148 upper and 85 lower). Most patients (56.4%) were rehabilitated with conventional complete dentures. The technical quality of the denture was regarded as satisfactory in the majority (52.7%), whereas the inferior dentures were rated as unsatisfactory in 90.5% of cases. Satisfaction with the prosthesis was 69.1% (N = 103). The average time to begin treatment was 3 months to receive while the prosthesis was 4 months old. The presence of injury from the upper prosthesis occurred in 21.5% of cases (N = 32), candidiasis being the most frequent (N = 18). The technical quality of the upper prosthesis (p=0,041), as well as retention (p=0,002) and stability (p<0,001) were significantly associated with user satisfaction. Conclusions: The specialized Dental clinics has been fulfilling its role of providing treatment of intermediate complexity for low-income population with the majority of satisfield patients, even when their dentures have problems of technical quality

Avaliacão da satisfação do usuário e da qualidade dos tratamentos endodônticos em Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas da Grande Natal-RN

Objective: To evaluate the degree of users satisfaction and technical quality of endodontic treatment in specialized dental clinics (CEO) of Grande Natal / RN between 2006 and 2008. Methodology: evaluated 282 endodontically treated teeth in CEOs through clinical and radiographic examinations. A questionnaire about the clinical condition of the tooth, evaluation of care and satisfaction with treatment was applied. Data on pre-and trans-operative were noted by the patient's clinical record. Endodontically treated teeth were examined by a specialist in endodontics, which compared with previous radiographs and current ones. The collected datas were presented descriptively by absolute numbers, percentages, averages. To determine the association between the independent and dependent variables was carried out through the bivariate association test Chi-square and Fisher exact test. Results: 79.8% presented with radiographic normal and 84.4% without pain symptoms. 8.2% of the teeth were fractured and 3.2% extracted. The persistence of the periapical lesion was associated with initial periapical status (p <0.05). 91.5% of patients are satisfied with the outcome of treatment. Such satisfaction is associated with absence of pain and an adequate esthetic tooth position (p <0.05). Conclusion: endodontic treatment in specialized dental clinics have an adequate technical quality, resulting in the success of endodontic therapy performed in these centers and that users are satisfied with the treatment

Atitudes distintas de profssionais de diferentes especialidades médicas relacionadas à autonomia e aspectos jurídicos no cuidado de pacientes com demência

The evaluation of competence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients to assume personal or collective responsibilities and the resulting legal implications is a relevant issue. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the attitudes of different medical specialists towards the disability of patients with Alzheimer's disease and practitioners' competence to interfere with decision-making autonomy. Methods: Professionals from different areas (Neurology, Psychiatry, Geriatrics, and General Practice) were interviewed by one of the authors, after being presented a fictitious clinical case which raised several topics, namely: [1] Critical judgment and capacity of the patient to take decisions related to daily activities; [2] The role of family physicians in nominating trustees and caregivers. Results: Answers to the first question did not differ regarding degree of preservation of awareness but at least 25% stressed that the patient must be carefully listened to, independent of caregiver or legal representative opinion. There were significant knowledge gaps in responses to the second question. Half of the physicians interviewed did not have adequate information about the legal aspects of caring for patients with Alzheimer's disease. Conclusions: Legal aspects is a topic that must be incorporated into professional training in order to improve attitudes toward the long-term management of patients with dementia.

Organização da demanda de um Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas

Introduction: Secondary care in oral health in Brazil is still a little researched topic. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the resolution of dental services in SUS based on the referral to secondary attention and backreferral to primary attention. Methodology: It’s a descriptive, quantitative study that used secondary data collected from dental records of patients seen at Centre of Dental Specialties (Ceo) in a city of São Paulo State. Result: It was analyzed 1030 dental records. Just 1236 proceedings received referral to Ceo and among then, 86.4% showed the first attendance on Basic Health Unity (UBS) through spontaneous demand and 50.4% (n=623) received referral to endodontic treatment. There was evasion of 2.27% of studied population (n=28) on the first specialized consultation. Among 1208 proceedings that started the treatment in Ceo, 62.6% (n=757) were finalized and received back-referral to primary attention, that finalized 61.1% (n=463) of proceedings. To conclude the treatment, considering the time spent in Ceo and primary attention, there was variation according to specialty: periodontics – 62 days (sd ±68) and endodontics – 71 days (sd ±51.8), requiring 3 consultations in average, regardless specialty. Conclusion: The Centre of Dental Specialties gave referral and attention to the majority of demand, regardless specialty. However, there are many cases of evasion during dental treatment, alerting managers to develop methods to entice these patients, reducing service expenses and raising solvability of dental procedures previously initiated.