'A hideously difficult country': British propaganda to France in the early Cold War

This article examines British propaganda efforts in the early Cold War in the light of a developing relationship in which the senders' own strategies were to be modified and challenged.The article argues that initiatives to broadcast propaganda from Britain into France via the BBC operated within a broader and developing information policy context. Broadcasting from outside the country through the BBC was supplemented with attempts by British personnel stationed in France to embed positive messages directly within the contemporary French media. By 1950 however, the Britsih propaganda initiative seemed inappropriate and outmoded, taken over by the French themselves and by a British desire to prioritise countries outside Western Europe.

Prizes for modernity in the provinces: The Arts Council’s 1950-1951 regional playwriting competition

As part of its contribution to the 1951 Festival of Britain, the Arts Council ran what can be seen in retrospect to be an important playwriting competition. Disregarding the London stage entirely, it invited regional theatres throughout the UK to put forward nominations for new plays within their repertoire for 1950-1951. Each of the five winning plays would receive, what was then, the substantial sum of £100. Originality and innovation featured highly amongst the selection criteria, with 40 per cent of the judges’ marks being awarded for “interest of subject matter and inventiveness of treatment”. This article will assess some of the surprising outcomes of the competition and argue that it served as an important nexus point in British theatrical historiography between two key moments in post-war Britain: the first being the inauguration of the Festival of Britain in 1951, the other being the debut of John Osborne’s Look Back in Anger in May 1956. The article will also argue that the Arts Council’s play competition was significant for two other reasons. By circumventing the London stage, it provides a useful tool by which to reassess the state of new writing in regional theatre at the beginning of the 1950s and to question how far received views of parochialism and conservatism held true. The paper will also put forward a case for the competition significantly anticipating the work of George Devine at the English Stage Company, which during its early years established a reputation for itself by heavily exploiting the repertoire of new plays originally commissioned by regional theatres. This article forms part of a five year funded Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) project, ‘Giving Voice to the Nation: The Arts Council of Great Britain and the Development of Theatre and Performance in Britain 1945-1994’. Details of the Arts Council’s archvie, which is housed at the Victoria & Albert Museum in London can be found at http://www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/wid/ead/acgb/acgbf.html Keywords: Arts Council of Great Britain, regional theatre, playwriting, Festival of Britain, English Stage Company (Royal Court) , Yvonne Mitchell

A arquitetura da escola paulista brutalista 1953-1973

Esta tese parte de uma visão pluralista que organiza um panorama amplo e acurado das principais características arquitetônicas e consolidação, requerendo seu status de relativa autonomia, tanto no seio da arquitetura brasileira, como em face de sua relativa não superposição congruente com a Escola Paulista Brutalista; buscando compreender suas relações com outras tendências da arquitetura brasileira, anteriores e contemporâneas a esse período, bem como as relações ativas e passivas que estabelece com o panorama arquitetônico internacional daquela época. Parte não das generalizações historiográficas disponíveis, freqüentemente antipáticas ao tema, mas do reexame das obras, por meio de um amplo reconhecimento sistemático da arquitetura brasileira paulista das décadas de 1950 até meados dos anos 1970, verificando quais e quantas obras poderiam ser corretamente englobadas no marco da Arquitetura Paulista Brutalista. Esta é aqui entendida como tendência arquitetônica e estética, de peculiar organização formal, espacial, construtiva e plástica, eventualmente um esforço potencial para a formação de um estilo. A grande quantidade de obras encontrada pelo levantamento valida a existência da Arquitetura Paulista Brutalista, exigindo a proposição de uma classificação instrumental criteriosa de maneira a selecionar cerca de uma centena de obras, cuja análise arquitetônica mais acurada foi realizada. Admitiu-se nessa amostragem uma ampla variedade de aproximações que constata e reafirma um certo grau de pluralidade interna à tendência. O objetivo da tese é ajudar a compor, com a adição de um importante fragmento, pouco estudado e reconhecido de maneira ampla na historiografia arquitetônica brasileira, um panorama mais rico, múltiplo e complexo da arquitetura brasileira.

Além das xícaras: a construção do Café São Luiz como lugar de memória em Natal (1950-1980)

This research stands in discussions involving the relationship between memory, history and space. We will work with the Café São Luiz in the neighborhood of Cidade Alta in Natal, an place which remains open and founded in 1953. The place was opened in the district of greater movement of the 1950s, a zone of concentration of commerce and leisure. In consequence an impulse of memory, the Café São Luiz was represented by different statements, which they built a space that serves to support memory and identity of a group. The speeches elaborate the Café São Luiz as a monument, a place of memory according to Pierre Nora. Among these discourses of construction of the Café São Luiz stands out the 1982 book titled Na Calçada do Café São Luiz by José Luiz Silva. This research aims to discuss the construction of the Café São Luiz as a place of memory, questioning their representations, traversing the authorship of speeches over the place

A nação pela pluma Natureza e sociedade no Museu do Índio (Rio de Janeiro, 1953-1957)

A história política do Museu do Índio, criado em 1953, no Rio de Janeiro, sob a orientação institucional do antropólogo Darcy Ribeiro, permite conhecer algumas relações sociais estabelecidas em torno de elementos da natureza no Brasil. O estudo do momento inicial na constituição deste patrimônio cultural, de sua história e das disputas que gerou, inclusive na memória, é realizado a partir da noção de coerência ilusória de uma geração de etnólogos, militares e intelectuais e da ação do Estado nacional brasileiro na década de 1950. As fontes e documentação consultadas são de natureza arquivística, jornalística e bibliográfica.

Panorama of immigration for Sao Paulo following the Second World War

This article proposes to analyze the results of a research conducted in the São Paulo Immigrants Memorial, whose purpose was to work with an agreement between the state of São Paulo and the Union, according to which the state committed itself to receive, from May 1947 to 1952, immigrants of different European nationalities. Such immigrants had a specific characteristic that conferred them a peculiar status in the eyes of the United Nations, given the fact that they originated from Germany and Austria and where either displaced persons or refugees who could not or did not want to return to their homelands, for several reasons. Italians represented only 0,12% of this group. Italian immigration to Brazil became significant only after 1950, due to the Brazil-Italy immigration agreements.

Mundo às avessas: mulheres carnavalescas na ótica dos filmes de chanchada e da imprensa na década de 1950

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A guerra fria e a política contencionista de George Kennan no estudo comparativo de uma elite do poder (1945-1950)

Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS

Diplomacia, integração e desenvolvimento: Brasil e Argentina (1950-1962)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Ziembinski – o encenador dos tempos modernos: a construção de uma trajetória na crítica de Décio de Almeida Prado (1950-1959)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A influência do Relatório Beveridge nas origens do Welfare State Britânico (1942 – 1950)

This research analyzes the origin of Welfare State, from the Report by William Beveridge. At the end of Second World War, the concern about citizenship rescue spread the idea of Social Welfare State. The British influence, also represented by the Beveridge Report, is of great importance in this process. Thus, analyzing the Beveridge Plan, which proposed a set of reforms within the social security system, along with its contributions to the emergence of British Welfare State, is crucial to a more complete historical parameter on the subject of the Protector State. The goal of this study is to clarify the influence of the Beveridge Report in the practical organization of the Welfare system in England

A United States Information Agency e sua ação no Brasil de 1953 a 1964

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Giochi diplomatici. Sport e politica estera nell'Italia del secondo dopoguerra (1943-1953)

Questa tesi di dottorato, partendo dall’assunto teorico secondo cui lo sport, pur essendo un fenomeno periferico e non decisivo del sistema politico internazionale, debba considerarsi, in virtù della sua elevata visibilità, sia come un componente delle relazioni internazionali sia come uno strumento di politica estera, si pone l’obiettivo di investigare, con un approccio di tipo storico-politico, l’attività internazionale dello sport italiano nel decennio che va dal 1943 al 1953. Nello specifico viene dedicata una particolare attenzione agli attori e alle istituzioni della “politica estera sportiva”, al rientro dello sport italiano nel consesso internazionale e alla sua forza legittimante di attrazione culturale. Vengono approfonditi altresì alcuni casi relativi a «crisi politiche» che influirono sullo sport e a «crisi sportive» che influenzarono la politica. La ricerca viene portata avanti con lo scopo primario di far emergere, da un lato se e quanto coscientemente lo sport sia stato usato come strumento di politica estera da parte dei governi e della diplomazia dell’Italia repubblicana, dall’altro quanto e con quale intensità lo sviluppo dell’attività internazionale dello sport italiano abbia avuto significative ripercussioni sull’andamento e dai rapporti di forza della politica internazionale.

The Man-Made Environment in Post-Stalinist Europe 1953-1968

This project looked at the various responses, both political and aesthetic, to the end of socialist realism and the return of pre-war modernism as a desirable ideal. It considered both the built environment and objects of daily use (furniture, radios, TV sets, etc.) in several countries of the region, including Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Russia and Romania, also comparing developments there with corresponding ones in the west. Among particular aspects considered were the effects of Kruschev's speech in December 1954 to workers in construction, machine-building and design industries, in which he argued against monumentalism and criticised both "classical architecture" and socialist realism. The team see the real issue in interpreting Eastern European architecture as its lack of a critical edge, since official discourses took the place of any form of criticism and architects sought to implement the "official line". Megastructures became increasingly popular from the 1960s onwards and in Romania, for instance, came to dominate the city in the late 1980s. Such structures proved an efficient way to control the environment in countries plagued by prefabrication and social housing, and the group see the exhibition of inflated concrete grids as perhaps the most important feature of Eastern European architecture in the 1960s and 1970s. They also point out the rarity of glass and steel architecture in the east, where the preferred material was concrete, a material seen as "revolutionary" as it was the product of heavy industry and was grey, i.e. the workers' colour. Tactile elements were more important here than the visual elements favoured in the west, and a solidity more in line with the dominant ideology than the ephemeral qualities of glass.

Wahlbeteiligung im Lebensverlauf. A-P-K-Analysen für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland in der Zeit von 1953 bis 1987

Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll geklärt werden, ob der Wandel in der Beteiligung an Bundestagswahlen mit dem kohortenspezifischen Wahlverhalten politischer Generationen zusammenhängt, und welche Rolle dabei Alters- und Periodeneffekte spielen. Dabei steht auch die Frage zur Diskussion, ob es nach der Bundestagswahl im Jahre 1972 tatsächlich zu einem Rückgang der Wahlbeteiligung gekommen ist oder ob dieses Phänomen auf einem Artefakt der amtlichen Wahlstatistik beruht. Diese beiden Fragestellungen werden für unterschiedliche Kohorten mit retrospektiven Lebensverlaufsdaten untersucht. Zum einen wird festgestellt, dass die Wahlbeteiligung in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren tatsächlich wegen einer gewachsenen Zahl bekennender Nichtwähler gesunken war. Zum anderen bestätigt es sich, dass der soziale Wandel in der Höhe der Wahlbeteiligung vornehmlich auf das geänderte Wahlverhalten in der Abfolge politischer Generationen zurückzuführen ist. Während das Alter der Wahlberechtigten dabei kaum eine Rolle spielte, waren Periodeneffekte, die Veränderungen von gesellschaftlichen Verhältnissen und des Politikangebots widerspiegelten, von sekundärer Bedeutung.