Introdução ao controle de qualidade: evolução da gestão da qualidade

Unidade 1

Turismo activo: um produto do turismo e do desporto

As pessoas viajam cada vez mais em busca de novas experiências, novas vivências associadas a diversas práticas activas. O uso do desporto como uma mais-valia para o turismo tem vindo a aumentar desde a década de oitenta, aliado ao aparecimento de uma nova filosofia de gestão do conceito que combina “aventura”, ecoturismo e os aspectos culturais do destino turístico. O turismo activo constitui-se como uma forma de organização que enfatiza a actividade do próprio turista. O presente estudo decorre de um trabalho de campo realizado na Região Autónoma da Madeira cujo propósito passa por aferir a percepção que terá o turista activo (em geral) que procura as levadas, perfazendo estas, um dos mais fortes atractivos da região. Como instrumento de pesquisa, recorremos ao questionário, aplicado numa amostra de cento e cinquenta turistas. A entrega dos questionários aos turistas decorreu em vários locais, a saber: unidades hoteleiras; empresas de animação turística desportiva; guias de montanha, assim como in loco, nas próprias levadas, objecto de estudo. Os objectivos do trabalho incidem sobre um conjunto de itens, tais como caracterizar o perfil do turista activo das levadas; apreender que motivações afectam a escolha do destino Madeira; perceber se o turista, quando opta pelo destino Madeira, considera a prática de actividade física como um factor decisivo e identificar quais os atributos das levadas mais valorizados pelos turistas. Pretende-se também determinar aproximadamente o impacto económico dos turistas das levadas no desenvolvimento da economia e do turismo da Madeira. Após a análise de dados, constatamos que 51,6% dos inquiridos são do sexo feminino, 23,9% têm idades compreendidas entre os 50 e os 59 anos e 24,5% são de nacionalidade alemã. Relativamente aos gastos efectuados durante a estadia, 51,6% dos inquiridos afirmaram despender até cem euros/dia. No que diz respeito aos atributos que os turistas mais valorizam nas levadas/veredas, 72,5% referem o contacto com a natureza. À pergunta “concorda com o pagamento de uma quantia simbólica, para uma taxa ecológica em benefício da natureza?”, a esmagadora maioria, cerca de 80,6% dos inquiridos, respondeu afirmativamente.Após a análise cuidada dos resultados obtidos, podemos realçar, então, a existência de um segmento de mercado de turista activo das levadas, que contribui para o desenvolvimento da economia e do turismo da Madeira, como uma das conclusões retiradas do estudo. O real contributo desta comunicação no âmbito do turismo activo deriva do facto de se tratar de um trabalho pioneiro nesta área específica, além de permitir estabelecer um roteiro de análise da problemática.

Gestão da cadeia de suprimento e vantagem competitiva: uma análise em setores industriais a partir da visão relacional

This work has as its main purpose to investigate the contribution of supply chain management in order to obtain competitive advantage by companies from the textile industry and from Ceará footwear industry, focusing its analysis mainly in the interorganizational relations (dyadic). For this, the theoretical referential contemplates different explanatory streams of the competitive advantage, detaching the relational perception of the resources theory, as well as, the main presuppositions of the supply chain management which culminates with the development of an analysis sample that runs the empirical study; the one which considers an expanded purpose of the supply chain which includes the government and the abetment institutions as institutional environment representatives. Besides supply chain management consideration as a competitive advantage source, the work also tried to identify other possible competitive advantage sources for the companies of the investigated sectors. It represents a study of multiple interpretive cases, having four cases as a total; meaning two cases in each one of the sectors, which used as a primary data collecting instrument a semi-structured interview schedule. Different methods were used for the data analysis, the content analysis and the constant comparison methods, the analytical procedure originated from the grounded theory research strategy, which were applied the Atlas/ti software recourse. Considering the theoretical referential and the used analysis sample, four basic categories of the work were defined, including its respective proprieties and dimensions: (1) characteristics concerning to the relationship with the supplier; (2) the company relations with the government; (3) the company relations with the abetment institutions and; (4) obtaining sources of competitive advantage. In general, the applied research in the footwear sector revealed that in the relationships of the researched companies related to its suppliers, there is a predominance of the partnership system and the main presuppositions of the supply chain management are applied which contributes for the acquisition of the relational competitive advantage; while in the textile sector, only some of these presuppositions are applied, with little contribution for the relational competitive advantage. The main resource which was accessed by the companies in both sectors through its relationships with the government and the abetment institutions are the tax incentives which, for the footwear companies, contribute for the acquisition of the temporary competitive advantage in relation to the contestants who do not own productive installations in the Northeast region, it also conducts to a competitive parity situation in relation to the contestants who own productive installations in the Northeast region and to the external market contestants; while for the companies of the textile sector, the tax incentives run the companies to a competitive parity situation in relation to its contestants. Furthermore, the investigated companies from the two sectors possess acquisition sources of the competitive advantage which collimate with different explanatory streams (industrial analysis, resources theory, Austrian school and the dynamic capabilities theory), although there is a predominance of the product innovation as a competitive advantage source in both sectors, due to the bond of these with the fashion tendencies

Relação entre ciclo de vida do produto turístico e estratégias de cooperação na faixa litorânea urbana do município de Natal

Tourism in the Northeast of Brazil was introduced as an alternative economic development for the Region by federal promoting policies that focused primarily in structuring the local geographic area. With the completion of these structuring actions, mass tourism expanding the area, as well as spread actions based on cooperation and formalization of governance institutions. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the life cycle of the tourism product 'Coastal Cities of Natal and the cooperation strategies in a historical perspective. Thus was submitted to the life cycle of the tourism product 'Coastal Cities of Natal ; the major projects of tourism development were mapped, the existing cooperation strategies were characterized, and investigated the influence of the cooperation actions for the current stage of product. The specific theoretical support to tourism was built on the perspective of the Theory of Population Ecology, System of Tourism and Touristic Product Life Cycle. Regarding to cooperation the theoretical foundation addressed issues of strategy, New Forms and Collective Efficiency. The survey consisted of a causal descriptive study, using a case study. We used the qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches, and data collected by consulting of secondary data and semistructured interviews with twelve staff working in tourism in Natal. Results showed that the life cycle graph of product 'Coastal Cities of Natal is moving from one stage of growth to a stage of maturity, with a primary upward trend and with crises that are up over the graph. They have been mapped six of tourism development projects of relevance to the product: The Politics of Mega Projects, PRODETUR/NE, Municipalization National Program of Tourism, Regionalization Program, Urbanization Project Beach do Meio and Actions for the Promotion of Destiny. They have been identified sixty-four participating players in process of tourism development, which twenty were considered relevant to the respondents. The main strategies identified for cooperation were the consortium, collective strategy and clusters. Results indicated that co-operation strategies were adopted so that the benefits were obtained at the collective level, dedicated to the strengthening of Natal Destiny and its products. The main reasons were the need of cooperative marketing, international market entry and actions inducing the state. Finally, it was concluded that strategies for cooperation related to product life cycle 'Coastal Cities of Natal' as that work in the consolidation of projects for development of tourism, when the efficiency of collective action is achieved

Análise da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos de um supermercado varejista através da utilização do modelo SCOR

In the last decade the complexity of the environment in which organizations are embedded increased dramatically, having on one side the increasingly demanding consumers in regard to the quality and value of the product and the other companies with the need to reduce operating costs in order to achieve greater profitability, without this there is a downturn in growth or market share powers. In this context the necessity of effectively structuring actions relating to the line with the operational work processes so that business objectives are achieved organizational strategic planning, ensuring the competitiveness of the organization. This study aims to analyze how you have made the management of the supply chain in a grocery retailer in the light of guidelines of Supply Chain Management by using the SCOR model. For realization of this study a survey was needed, classified according to their goals, exploratory and descriptive as to its procedure, document, field and case study. Thus, the processing of data will be qualitative merit, using the thematic categorical analysis of Bardin (1977). Thus, to obtain data interviews together the operational and strategic management of a company that was named Supermarket Omega were performed. After analyzing the information obtained is perceived that there is an effort of the organization enhance its management of the supply chain. However, there is a lack of alignment between the various areas that compose it. About their work processes, we stress that the focus of the company is still very directed on sailing than profitability, although it is undergoing a transformation in its organizational culture However, records the existence of many improvement projects in developing. Thus, it can be noticed that there is some consistency between the assumptions of the SCOR model and applied within the supply chain Omega Supermarket, although a greater effort to better align with the model still needs to be studied

Relações de poder, fragmentação e gestão do território no semi-árido nordestinho: um outro olhar sobre o Cariri paraibano

This study aims to analize the Cariri Paraibano territory, as a product of relations of power that were being established along its historic process of territory formation. In this process, the fragmentation and the territory management are fundamental elements to socioterritorial reality comprehension. The theoretical-conceptual basis is based on notions of territory, region, power and territory management, which are articulated to the opinions and empiric confirmations origined from interviews made with several social actions. They also were made photographical records and researches on books, newspapers and magazines, as well on other information sources related to the object of studying. Obtained data confirm the pressuposement on which the relations of dominations and the used methods by the power s owners in the region created a little fruitful political practice and little adequate to the process of active participation of the local population on the territory management, even being on disagreement with the new political-institutional mechanisms, which take to political-administrative more democratic and participative in the country

A oficina como método de desenvolvimento de projeto do produto aplicado à atividade jangadeira de Ponta Negra Natal-RN

The jangadas (brazilian fishing rafts) are rudimentary artisanal vessels intrinsic to the Northeast of Brazil. The fishery with jangadas is highly representative in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, and source of income for many families in addition to being a strong cultural icon. Is still alive despite the difficulties, bringing the history and customs of the fishermen and their people. However, is in process of extinction due to factors such as the low profitability of the activity, tourism and urbanization. From the understanding of activity involving their context and circumstances, based on identified problems regarding the conditions of use of jangadas as the unpredictability, the risk of accidents, poor working conditions, hygiene and housing, this dissertation aims to: analyzing the design of the jangada on the beach of Ponta Negra and its relationship with the activity in relation to health, safety, productivity and environment, and from such assessments, together with the results achieved during the workshops of the project, proposing a cart to move the raft, adapted to the local fisherman activity studied. To perform analysis of jangadeira activity, we used a methodology based on ergonomic work analysis - AET (WISNER, 1987; GUÈRIN, 2001; VIDAL, 2008, SALDANHA, 2004 and Carvalho, 2005). For data collection were used observational and interaction methods as a conversational action, verbalizations, photographs and video. It is emphasized that the search for solutions appropriate to the jangadeira activity was possible through the collaboration of several people, not just an informational level and understanding during the work activity, but effectively contributing to the making decisions

Estratégia de operações no varejo: um estudo sobre perfilar mercado, produto e operações no setor de supermercados

The objective of this Thesis is to investigate the strategic alignment between market end operations in the retail supermarket sector applying the concept product profiling by Hill (1993). To the developing was utilized a methodology of the cases study had were a evolvement if the action research into on of the RedeMais supermarkets. Through the interview, discussion and direct action became possible collect information necessary to direction this work, absorbing and understanding the methodology and thought form, action and management. This work contribute to development the create of the model adapted of the manufactory to service, the product matrix of the Hill, in which serve a tool to uncover the origins of misalignment that occur over time and to illustrate the phenomenon to executives gone support to decision

Gestão ambiental e competitividade: um estudo sobre os fatores que afetam a decisão de compra de produtos orgânicos na cidade de Teresina-PI

The organic products represent one of the main trends of alimentary consumption in the new century. In Brazil, the answer is already well representative which it becomes the country, as a great consuming and exporting market of products of LVF type. The objective of this research was to investigate the factors capable to influence the food consumer in its purchase decision of organic products in the supermarkets of Teresina, capital of Piauí State. The methodology was exploratory and descriptive, using survey, with closed and opened questions in 542 interviewed. The questionnaire was based on projected scales to evaluate the factors that can influence the purchase decision of organic products, whose variable had been grouped in the following groups: behavior, knowledge, interest, competitiveness, importance, barrier and profile. The used statistical techniques were descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results demonstrate interest of the population in paying more for the organic product, due to better quality of life, however it lacks to one better spreading and greater sensitization to attract these consumers. Some recommendations and proposals are presented after the results, as suggestions for future research

Gestão da tecnologia: desafios para as pequenas e médias empresas

Este trabalho discute a gestão da tecnologia ern pequenas e medias empresas tradicionais da área de manufaturados. Ele analisa aspectos estratégicos e operacionais através de um modelo conceitual simplificado, com base em referências bibliográficas e pesquisa exploratória(survey). Foram detectados alguns aspectos importantes : limitada integração entre planejamento de tecnologia e de produto/mercado; vulnerabilidade tecnológica com relação a direitos de propriedade industrial; dificuldades financeiras para desenvolvimento, capacitação tecnológica limitada; e limitação de mudanças organizacionais de transição. Uma questão importante seria a construção de mecanismos externos de colaboração para essas empresas, com difusão de práticas da gestão da tecnologia e parceria para desenvolvimento de produtos.

Lançando luzes sobre a gestão de operações do setor eletroeletrônico brasileiro

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir a gestão de operações no setor eletroeletrônico brasileiro. O setor eletroeletrônico é dos mais relevantes do Brasil, correspondendo a 4% do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB). Grande parte da literatura disponível centra-se na discussão de políticas para fortalecimento do setor sem, no entanto, discutir sua gestão de operações, ainda pouco conhecida. Para suprir essa carência da literatura, realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa, por meio de survey com empresas da Associação Brasileira da Indústria Elétrica e Eletrônica (Abinee). Os dados coletados foram complementados com dados secundários, traçando um panorama sobre o setor no Brasil. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de as empresas montadoras de produtos eletroeletrônicos investirem mais no uso de tecnologia da informação para ampliar a integração de processos, planejar e desenvolver produtos integrando os clientes, e com os fornecedores ampliar a adoção de práticas de gestão da cadeia de suprimentos. A originalidade deste artigo consiste em lançar luzes à gestão de operações de um setor economicamente importante gerando insights a estudiosos, praticantes e formuladores de políticas voltadas ao setor eletroeletrônico nacional.

Gestão de desvios técnicos no recebimento de medicamentos na Central de Abastecimento Farmacêutico

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Gestão da informação na cadeia produtiva do jornalismo impresso

Pós-graduação em Comunicação - FAAC

Projeto, processo e produto: cartografia do design de conexões na televisão digital

Pós-graduação em Televisão Digital: Informação e Conhecimento - FAAC