Gestão construtiva de conflitos em contexto de saúde

Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia, ramo de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde

Programa Nacional de Joyería y Orfebrería 2001 – 2002. Taller de dibujo técnico y diseño de joyas básicas para joyeros 15 de mayo de 2002.

12 hojas : Ilustraciones.

Sleep Patterns in Elementary School Children (Grades 2-5) and Adolescents (Grade 10)

Background: To date, there is limited research examining sleep patterns in elementary school children. Previous researchers focused on parental responses rather than student responses to determine factors that affect sleep. The presented study surveyed sleep patterns and examined external factors affecting total sleep time among elementary school children and adolescents. Methods: Students in grades 2-5 (n=885) and grade 10 (n=190) enrolled in a public school system in the Northeast, completed a district administered survey that included questions on sleep duration and hygiene. Results. Average reported sleep duration decreased with increasing grade level. Children in grades 2-5 woke up earlier (31.7-72.4%) and on their own in comparison to adolescents in grade 10 (6.8%). Significantly shorter sleep durations were associated with having a television (grades 2, 4, 5, p< 0.01) or a cell phone in the room (grades 3, 4; p < 0.05), playing on the computer or video games (grades 3, 4, p<.001) before going to bed. In contrast, students in grade 2, 3, & 4 who reported reading a book before going to bed slept on average 21 minutes more per night (p=.029, .007, .009, respectively). For tenth graders, only consumption of energy drinks led to significant reduction in sleep duration (p<.0001). Conclusion. Sleep is a fundamental aspect in maintaining a healthy and adequate life style. Understanding sleep patterns will assist parents, health care providers, and educators in promoting quality sleep hygiene in school-aged children.

Análisis de la variabilidad genotípica de cebada cervecera en rendimiento, porcentaje de proteína y calibre en distintos ambientes

En Argentina el principal uso de la cebada cervecera es la industria maltera. En la actualidad el cultivo tuvo una expansión en superficie a nuevas zonas de siembra, lo cual sumado a la introducción de nuevos genotipos al mercado hace relevante el estudio de la interacción genotipo por ambiente (GxA). Al ser el principal destino la industria, son de suma importancia parámetros de calidad como porcentaje de proteína y calibre. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el comportamiento en cuanto a rendimiento, porcentaje de proteína y calibre de los principales genotipos argentinos de cebada cervecera en respuesta a variaciones ambientales. Para el trabajo se utilizaron los datos de la Red de Evaluación de Cultivares de Cebada coordinada por el INTA, se seleccionaron 8 genotipos y 14 ambientes (diferentes localidades en las campañas 2007 y 2008). Se determinaron las interacciones genotipo x ambiente realizando análisis de varianza, se calcularon los índices ambientales y se realizó un análisis de componentes principales. El ambiente fue el principal factor condicionante de las variaciones en rendimiento, porcentaje de proteína en grano o calibre, seguido por la interacción GxA y finalmente por el efecto genotipo. Los genotipos que presentaron los mayores rendimientos medios fueron también los que presentaron la mayor adaptabilidad. Las variaciones entre genotipos en porcentaje de proteína y calibre fueron más acentuadas que las obtenidas para rendimiento. El porcentaje de proteína en grano no presentó asociación con el rendimiento pero tuvo una relación negativa con el calibre. Las variaciones en ambientes (tanto por efecto sitio como por efecto año) estuvieron dadas por modificaciones en el nivel de precipitaciones en el ciclo del cultivo y por las temperaturas en post-floración.

Análisis genético de la respuesta de los caracteres ecofisiológicos determinantes del rendimiento en grano a la disponibilidad de nitrógeno en maíz (Zea mays L.)

Un entendimiento del tipo de control genético subyacente a la expresión del rendimiento en grano por planta (RGP) en híbridos de maíz (Zea mays L.) cultivados en condiciones de baja disponibilidad de nitrógeno (N) es crucial para la selección y el desarrollo de genotipos más eficientes en el uso de N. El objetivo de esta tesis fue el estudio de los componentes de la variabilidad genética para componentes numéricos y ecofisiológicos del RGP con atención especial a la expresión de heterosis, tipo de acción génica, y sus interacciones con el ambiente. El estudio consistió de un dialélico completo conducido en condiciones contrastantes de N y disponibilidad de agua para evaluar 25 atributos ecofisiológicos de 6 lineas endocriadas y todos los posibles híbridos simples. Los resultados permitieron (i) demostrar una disminución de la expresión de heterosis en condiciones de restricciones abióticas con efecto predominante sobre la expansión de tejidos, tal como estrés de N o hídrico durante el periodo de crecimiento vegetativo previo a floración; (ii) identificar atributos ecofisiológicos asociados con heterosis para RGP en condiciones de baja pero no de alta disponibilidad de N (i.e. peso grano); (iii) modelar la respuesta de heterosis para RGP a índice ambiental como una relación linear-plateau, identificando un valor umbral por sobre el cual no se observa incremento de heterosis para RGP; (iv) determinar la magnitud y tipo de acción génica de caracteres ecofisiológicos, identificando a la tasa de crecimiento de la espiga durante el periodo crítico como un carácter secundario promisorio dado su fuerte control genético aditivo y asociación con el RGP, así como el índice de área foliar a madurez fisiológica y el peso de grano en condiciones de baja disponibilidad de N. La integración de un modelo genético y ecofisiológico con la finalidad de explorar las relaciones genotipo a fenotipo utilizando los paisajes de adaptación sugiere que atributos tales como la tasa de removilización de N foliar y el N foliar específico podrían ser útiles para la identificación de loci importantes para el control de caracteres cuantitativos en condiciones de baja disponibilidad de N.

Evaluación agroclimática del riesgo de daños por helada en las regiones de cultivo de cerezo en la Argentina

p.233-249

A review of the status and decline in abundance of the Irish Hare (Lepus timidus hibernicus) in Northern Ireland

The Northern Ireland Hare Survey documented the distribution of the Irish Hare (Lepus timidus hibernicus). Historical game bag records and other, more contemporary, records of hare distribution were examined. These data indicate how numbers of L t. hibernicus may have changed over the last 140 years. The results of the Northern Ireland Hare Survey suggested that L. t. hibernicus was widespread throughout Northern Ireland. Current average densities are no more than 0.65 hares/km(2). Game bag records indicate that hare densities may have been much higher in the past, with a maximum of 138 hares/km(2) recorded on Crom Estate, Co. Fermanagh, in 1864. Evidence from hare distribution recorded during the Northern Ireland Rabbit Survey indicates that hare numbers declined between 1984 and 1994. Evidence from all sources suggests that L. t. hibernicus has declined in abundance substantially, with present total population estimates for Northern Ireland ranging from 8250 to 21000 individuals. Flushing data indicate that rushes and hedgerows are important diurnal resting areas for hares. While the principal reason for the decline in numbers of L. t. hibernicus in Northern Ireland is not clear, more species-rich pasture and provision of areas of cover, such as rushes, may arrest further declines, or indeed promote numbers of hares, particularly in lowland areas.

The diet and landclass affinities of the Irish hare Lepus timidus hibernicus

The diet of the Irish hare Lepus timidus hibernicus was investigated in Northern Ireland. Faecal pellets were collected at regular intervals from three contrasting study sites and from a number of randomly selected sites from known land classes. Microhistological techniques were employed to analyse the pellets. Grass species occurred in high percentage frequencies in all samples of faecal pellets and a wide variety of plant species were represented (up to 26 species in one study site). In a stratified, random survey of the presence of hares, areas of lowland intensive agriculture had fewer positive records than expected. It is contended that L. t. hibernicus may not be able to sustain viable populations in areas of intensive agriculture, which are almost exclusively composed of ryegrass Lolium spp.

Cross-sectional associations of C-reactive protein with vascular risk factors and vascular complications in the DCCT/EDIC cohort

To determine the relationships between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and features of Type 1 diabetes.

Assessing Historical and Current Threats to Common Frog (Rana Temporaria) Populations in Ireland

Ponds are an ephemeral feature of the landscape but their large-scale loss can have profound implications for biodiversity and the persistence of amphibian populations. We quantified rates of pond loss throughout Ireland over a period of approximately 125 yr. Environmental parameters and perceived risk factors associated with the current occurrence and density of the Common Frog, Rana temporaria, were also analyzed. The numbers of farmland ponds declined by 54% between 1887–1913 and 2005–11, with most ponds and the greatest losses
in the East, coincident with agricultural intensification and human habitation. The decline of pond numbers was significant but, at approximately 0.5% per annum, was substantially less than losses recorded in other European countries. Losses were coincident with major changes to the agricultural landscape including extensive land drainage. However, losses of pond and natural wetland habitats throughout Ireland may have been partially or wholly mitigated by a synchronous expansion of artificial field margin ditches associated with drainage projects during the mid-20th Century. The ecology of the Common Frog in Ireland was similar to its ecology elsewhere and it appears largely unaffected by pollution and disturbance. Consequently, the conservation status of the frog in Ireland was judged ‘‘favorable’’ and should remain so for the foreseeable future.

Burden of Cancer in a Large Consortium of Prospective Cohorts in Europe

BACKGROUND: Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) are an indicator of mortality, morbidity, and disability. We calculated DALYs for cancer in middle-aged and older adults participating in the Consortium on Health and Ageing Network of Cohorts in Europe and the United States (CHANCES) consortium.

METHODS: A total of 90 199 participants from five European cohorts with 10 455 incident cancers and 4399 deaths were included in this study. DALYs were calculated as the sum of the years of life lost because of premature mortality (YLLs) and the years lost because of disability (YLDs). Population-attributable fractions (PAFs) were also estimated for five cancer risk factors, ie, smoking, adiposity, physical inactivity, alcohol intake, and type II diabetes.

RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 12 years, the total number of DALYs lost from cancer was 34 474 (382 per 1000 individuals) with a similar distribution by sex. Lung cancer was responsible for the largest number of lost DALYs (22.9%), followed by colorectal (15.3%), prostate (10.2%), and breast cancer (8.7%). Mortality (81.6% of DALYs) predominated over disability. Ever cigarette smoking was the risk factor responsible for the greatest total cancer burden (24.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 22.2% to 26.0%), followed by physical inactivity (4.9%, 95% CI = 0.8% to 8.1%) and adiposity (1.8%, 95% CI = 0.2% to 2.8%).

CONCLUSIONS: DALYs lost from cancer were substantial in this large European sample of middle-aged and older adults. Even if the burden of disease because of cancer is predominantly caused by mortality, some cancers have sizeable consequences for disability. Smoking remained the predominant risk factor for total cancer burden.