Política exterior y negociación financiera internacional: la deuda externa y el Consenso de Cartagena

Incluye Bibliografía

Geopolítica, estrategia marítima e inteligencia estratégica en la definición de los intereses marítimos colombianos

Este trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo realizar un estudio de la realidad nacional frente a los intereses marítimos, de manera que se puedan determinar si las realidades de los conceptos están bien formulados frente a la concepción marítima del país para la definición de políticas en torno al tema, por lo que se hará énfasis en los campos temáticos de la geopolítica, la estrategia marítima y la inteligencia naval estratégica, para determinar su vigencia o deficiencia en la aplicación de los mismos frente a los intereses de Colombia. Además, se revisará el concepto relativamente nuevo de oceanopolítica, que incluye los argumentos actuales y clásicos de la geopolítica aplicados específicamente al mar, el aprovechamiento de sus recursos y los factores sociales, políticos, económicos y culturales que en él se manifiestan y que particularmente en el caso colombiano a través de la Comisión Colombiana del Océano – CCO, busca unificar los criterios necesarios para entender el ámbito estratégico marino del país, con el fin de facilitar la interacción entre funcionarios e instituciones nacionales en pro de dirigir eficazmente los esfuerzos para el desarrollo marítimo nacional. Asimismo, se efectuará una revisión y análisis histórico del desarrollo de la Armada Nacional con el fin de identificar los postulados geopolíticos y estratégicos que han dado forma organizacional y funcional a la Institución Naval en Colombia. Finalmente, se estudiarán proyecciones y tendencias de los campos temáticos, buscando la forma de adaptarlos a la construcción de poder marítimo y de la estrategia nacional como parte fundamental de la formulación de políticas del país.

Atividade fisica e aptidão fisica de adolescentes : similaridades e contrastes em uma decada

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Financial leverage and tangibility of assets of Brazilian companies of agribusiness in the post-real plan period

This paper aims to study the relationship between the debt level and the asset structure of Brazilian companies of the agribusiness sector, since it is considered a current and relevant discussion: to evaluate the mechanisms for fund-raising and guarantees. The methodology of Granger`s Causality test and Autoregressive Vectors was used to conduct a comparative analysis, applied to a financial database of companies with open capital of Brazilian agribusiness, in particular the agricultural sector and Fisheries and Food and Beverages in a period of 10 years (1997-2007) from quarterly series available in the database of Economatica(R). The results demonstrated that changes in leverage generate variations in the tangibility of the companies, a fact that can be explained by the large search of funding secured by fiduciary transfer of fixed assets, which facilitates access to credit by business of the Agribusiness sector, increasing the payment time and lowering interest rates.

O modelo gerencial da educa????o: contribui????es da experi??ncia da Inglaterra ao debate brasileiro

A gest??o do ensino b??sico na Inglaterra enfrentava fortes cr??ticas desde a d??cada de 1970. Havia uma s??rie de d??vidas sobre a capacidade de o modelo ingl??s proporcionar educa????o p??blica de qualidade, capaz de sustentar a competitividade econ??mica do pa??s. O modelo educacional neste per??odo era pouco suscet??vel ?? presta????o de contas no que se refere ?? qualidade, era majoritariamente analisado em termos dos montantes de recursos destinados ?? educa????o e excessivamente pautado pela autonomia pedag??gica dos professores. Desde 1988, com a publica????o do Education Reform Act (ERA), o sistema de educa????o b??sica na Inglaterra passou por uma reengenharia. O artigo tem por objetivo analisar as principais inova????es implementadas e seus desdobramentos ao longo dos governos conservadores de Margareth Thatcher (1979 ??? 1990) e John Major (1990 ??? 1997), e dos governos trabalhistas de Tony Blair (1997 ??? 2007) e Gordon Brown (2007 ??? 2010). A relev??ncia do tema est?? na discuss??o de uma das reformas educacionais mais influentes no mundo e na produ????o de insights sobre a tem??tica de administra????o da educa????o no Brasil.

Organização e desempenho: avaliação da centralização da patologia do INCA-Brasil

A literatura atribui à descentralização da estrutura organizacional efeitos positivos sobre a orientação empreendedora e o desempenho da firma; existem também evidências de efeito positivo da centralização dos procedimentos complexos em hospitais de grande porte sobre os resultados do tratamento do câncer. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os efeitos da centralização dos laboratórios de anatomia patológica do Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA) brasileiro, em 2002, sobre o desempenho da atividade de diagnóstico e controle do câncer. A análise é desenvolvida com o cálculo de uma fronteira eficiente não paramétrica de produção no período 1997-2007, por meio da Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA). O resultado é que a centralização reverteu a queda de eficiência técnica dos laboratórios no período 1997-2001. A conclusão do artigo é que o Modelo DEA traz um aporte ao conhecimento sobre a mudança de estrutura organizacional nas organizações públicas de saúde e uma contribuição gerencial sobre a eficácia da centralização para melhorar o suporte laboratorial da patologia aos hospitais do INCA.

Características psicométricas dos instrumentos usados para avaliar a qualidade de vida na esclerose múltipla: uma revisão bibliográfica

A esclerose múltipla (EM) é a doença crónica neurológica que mais afeta adultos jovens; em 80% dos casos, a doença progride para situações de níveis variados de incapacidade, o que torna necessário avaliar a qualidade de vida (QV) desses indivíduos. O objetivo desta revisão foi localizar estudos que avaliam a QV em indivíduos com EM, identificando os instrumentos utilizados e suas características psicométricas. Foram consultadas as bases Psycinfo, Psycarticles, Psycbooks, Psychology & Behavioral Science Collection, EJS E-Journal, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Medline, e Academic Search Complete, utilizando os descritores 'multiple sclerosis' e 'quality of life', para localizar artigos publicados no período 1997-2007. Foram selecionados 1.376 artigos e, após a leitura dos resumos, excluídos os referentes a instrumentos que não tinham boas características psicométricas e/ou eram pouco referenciados. Foram encontrados 461 artigos, dos quais 267 usaram instrumentos genéricos e 194 específicos para a EM. Dos 7 instrumentos (2 genéricos, 5 específicos) com boas características psicométricas utilizados pelos estudos consultados, o mais usado é o SF-36 (em 237 estudos). Todos os instrumentos têm validade verificada e apresentam grau elevado de confiabilidade, podendo ser utilizados para avaliação da qualidade de vida de pacientes com EM tanto em pesquisa quanto na clínica. ABSTRACT - Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the chronic neurological disease that most affects young adults; 80% of patients experience a transition towards persistent disability, hence the need to assess their quality of life (QoL). The aim of the study was to review studies that assess QoL in patients with multiple sclerosis, inquiring on the instruments used and their psychometric features. Articles published from 1997 through 2007 were searched for by means of key words 'multiple sclerosis' and 'quality of life' in databases Psycinfo, Psycarticles, Psycbooks, Psychology & Behavioral Science Collection, EJS E-Journal, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Medline, and Academic Search Complete. From the 1,376 studies found, after abstract reading those that reported on instruments with poor psychometric properties and/or were little referred were excluded. A total of 461 articles were selected, of which 267 reported using generic instruments and 194, MS-specific ones. Among the 7 instruments reported by the studies as having good psychometric characteristics (2 generic, five MS-specific), the most used is the SF-36 (by 237 studies). All instruments have shown adequate psychometric properties and a high degree of reliability, hence may be used to assess QoL in subjects with multiple sclerosis both in clinic and research.

El Crecimiento en el Paraguay: ¿favorable a los pobres?

En aquest treball es revisen els principals corrents teòrics dins de la literatura del "creixement favorable als pobres" ("pro-poor growth"). L'objectiu és analitzar el patró del creixement a Paraguai durant la dècada 1997-2007. S'analitza si el creixement de l'economia paraguaiana ha estat, o no, favorable als pobres. Els resultats, a partir d'enquestes de llars, llancen un panorama descoratjador. En les recessions, el creixement és favorable als pobres però en termes relatius i no en termes absoluts, el que impedeix reduir la pobresa. En les expansions, el creixement els resulta directament desfavorable.

How does ownership structure invfluence bank risk? Analyzing the role of managerial incentives

This paper analyzes how ownership concentration and managerial incentives influences bank risk for a large sample of US banks over the period 1997-2007. Using 2SLS simultaneous equations models, we show that ownership concentration has a positive total effect on bank risk. This is the result of a positive direct effect, which reflects monitoring and opportunistic behavior, and a negative indirect effect, which works through the design of managerial incentive contracts and reflects shareholder preferences toward risk. Large shareholders reduce bank risk by reducing the sensitivity of CEO wealth to stock volatility (Vega) and by increasing the CEO pay-performance sensitivity (Delta). In addition, we show that the direct and indirect effect of ownership concentration on bank risk depends on the type of the largest shareholder (a family, a bank, a corporation or an institutional investor), as well as, on the total shareholding held by each type as a group. Our results suggest that the positive relation between ownership concentration and risk is not the result of preferences towards more risk. Rather, they point at opportunistic behavior of large shareholders.

Minor salivary gland tumors: a clinicopathological study of 18 cases

Introduction: Minor salivary gland tumors (MSGTs) are infrequent, representing 10-15% of all salivary neoplasms. Despite this low frequency, MSGTs conform a heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by a broad range of histological types. Patients and method: We identified cases of MSGT in a retrospective study of the biopsies made in the period 1997-2007 in the Service of Oral Surgery (Dental Clinic of the University of Barcelona, Spain). The data collected comprised patient age and sex, the clinical characteristics and location of the tumor, the duration of the lesion, its size, the treatment provided, and the histopathological findings. Results: Of the 18 cases of MSGT studied, 12 corresponded to women (66.7%) and 6 to men (33.3%). The great majority (94.4%) were benign tumors. The preferential location was the posterior third of the hard palate (33.2%), followed by the soft palate (16.7%) and the mucosa of the upper lip (16.7%). The histopathological diagnoses of our MSGTs comprised 10 pleomorphic adenomas (55.3%), 2 cystadenomas (11.1%), 1 myoepithelioma (5.6%), 1 sialadenoma papilliferum (5.6%), 1 basal cell adenoma (5.6%), 1 Warthin"s tumor (5.6%), 1 canalicular adenoma (5.6%), and 1 low-grade polymorphic adenocarcinoma (5.6%). Discussion and conclusions: Coinciding with our own results, the literature describes a high recurrence rate for MSGTs (5-30%) when surgical removal is incomplete. Six percent of all benign minor salivary gland tumors are considered to relapse, versus 65% of all malignant lesions. Periodic clinical controls are required, since the possibility of malignant transformation must be taken into account

Desenvolvimento docente nos cursos de medicina: um campo fecundo

Foi feita uma revisão sistemática da literatura (1997-2007), no âmbito da formação docente, em currículos médicos orientados pela aprendizagem baseada em problemas, por meio de busca, identificação, seleção e análise de estudos nas bases Scielo, Lilacs, Cochrane, Medline, Ibesc, Pubmed e Eric com os descritores faculty OR faculty medical or staff development and education, medical or education, medical undergraduate or medical, schools and pbl. Os estudos analisados se agruparam em três eixos norteadores, que delinearam aplicações práticas para um programa de desenvolvimento docente eficiente: gestão participativa, maior investimento nos docentes, elaboração e aplicação de programas de educação continuada, permanente, com foco na construção dos conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes.

Les traductions du Daode jing (道德經) de Julien (1842), Duyvendak (1953) et Mathieu (2008) : intentions, interventions, fonctionnalité

Étude de maîtrise sponsorisée par le Fonds québécois de recherche Société et Culture (gouvernement du Québec), le programme Renforcement du secteur langagier au Canada (gouvernement du Canada), ainsi que par diverses bourses octroyées par l'Université de Montréal.

Learning From Cross Country Experiences In Housing: A Micro Finance Approach For Inclusive Housing In India

Housing is one of the primary human needs. It is second only to the need for food and clothing. From a macro perspective, housing is an industry that can prove itself to be a growth engine for a nation, particularly a developing nation like India. Housing has been one of the top priorities for the various governments in India since the seventies. The need for housing has been increasing at a phenomenal pace in India and so also the need for housing finance. Since the growth in supply of housing could not keep pace with the growth in its demand, housing shortage has been on the rise over the years. Housing finance industry which was relatively dormant till the early nineties underwent sweeping changes ever since the initiation of financial sector deregulation measures. Financial deregulation measures brought about several changes in this industry, the first and foremost being the fast growth rate in the industry coupled with cutthroat competition among the industry players. This trend has been quite prominent since the entry of commercial banks into this arena. Accordingly, there has been a surge in the growth of retail (personal) loans segment, particularly in respect of housing loans. This is evident from the fact that housing loans disbursed by banks as a percentage of their total loans has increased from just 2.79% as of end-March 1997 to as high as 12.52% as of end-March 2007. Thus, there has been an unprecedented growth rate in the disbursement of housing loans by banks, and as of 31 March 2007 the outstanding balance of housing loans by all banks in India stands at Rs.230689 Crore, as against just Rs.7946 Crore as of 31 March 1997, the growth rate being 35.82 %CAGR (for the eleven years’ period, FY 1997-‘2007). However, in spite of the impressive growth in housing finance over the years, there are growing apprehensions regarding its inclusiveness, i.e. accessibility to the common man, the underprivileged sections of the society to housing finance etc. Of late, it is widely recognized that formal housing finance system, particularly the commercial banks (CBs) – most dominant among the players – is fast becoming exclusive in operations, with nearly 90% of the total housing credit going to the rich and upper middle income group, primarily the salaried class. The case of housing finance companies (HFCs) is quite similar in this regard. The poor and other marginalized sections are often deprived of adequate credit facilities for housing purpose. Studies have revealed that urban housing poverty is much more acute than the rural probably because of the very fast process of urbanization coupled with constant rural to urban migration