164 resultados para Erythrina falcata Behnt.
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Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a utilização da semeadura direta e a influência de um protetor físico sobre o estabelecimento de espécies florestais nativas em uma área com pastagem e outra com agricultura. O experimento foi executado no Município de São Cristóvão, SE (10º55'20"S e 37º12'00"W), em delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial, com três repetições. Foram utilizadas sementes de Erythrina velutina Wild., Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth., Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., Machaerium aculeatum Raddi, Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir) DC. e Sapindus saponaria L. As avaliações feitas em campo foram: emergência, sobrevivência e desenvolvimento inicial das mudas das espécies (altura e diâmetro). Com relação à emergência e sobrevivência de plântulas, houve diferença significativa entre os dois ambientes, com melhores resultados no subsistema agricultura. Considerando o desenvolvimento das espécies, E. velutina destacou-se das demais por ter apresentado as maiores médias de altura e diâmetro nas duas áreas, em ambos os tratamentos. A semeadura direta foi viável na recuperação de áreas degradadas com espécies florestais nativas, nos ambientes estudados.
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Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o desenvolvimento silvicultural e a sobrevivência das espécies em diferentes modelos de plantio de mudas para recuperação da área do lixão de Inconfidentes – Sul de Minas Gerais/Brasil, a qual se encontra com deficiência de vegetação, o que proporciona impactos visual e ambiental, com o intuito de indicar diferentes espécies vegetais que possam ser ideais para serem utilizadas na requalificação dos lixões. O experimento foi instalado no delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado com quatro modelos de plantio envolvendo mudas de 11 espécies arbóreas nativas e da gramínea Chrysopogon zizanioides (M1- Leguminosas; M2- Leguminosas + Chrysopogon zizanioides; M3- nativas e M4- Eremanthus erytropappus e Nectandra lanceolata) e três repetições. As parcelas de 3 x 5 m de cada tratamento foram compostas por 15 mudas arbóreas, sendo acrescidas em cada modelo de plantio M2 oito mudas da gramínea Vetiver (C. Zizanioides). Foram avaliados ao longo de 20 meses a altura das plantas, o diâmetro do caule ao nível do solo, a área de copa e a sobrevivência, em intervalos de 30 dias. Os dados do crescimento silvicultural e sobrevivência entre os tratamentos e entre as espécies foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias, comparadas pelo teste de Scott Knott a 5% de probabilidade. A partir da análise dos resultados da recuperação da área do desativado Lixão de Inconfidentes – Sul de Minas Gerais/Brasil, conclui-se que o modelo de plantio M2 e as espécies Bauhinia forficata, Eritrina falcata, Senna multijuga, Schizolobium parahyba e Schinus terebinthifoliussão as mais indicadas para recuperação da área.
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Dados morfológicos referentes às fases juvenis das plantas são tão importantes quanto escassos na literatura. Neste trabalho, foram estudadas as plântulas e plantas jovens de Erythrina speciosa (Phaseoleae), Holocalyx balansae e Sophora tomentosa (Sophoreae), Swartzia langsdorffii (Swartzieae), Lonchocarpus muehlbergianus e Platycyamus regnellii (Tephrosieae), como parte de um amplo projeto com leguminosas arbóreas, que objetivou descrever a morfologia das fases juvenis, com vistas à identificação das espécies, fornecendo subsídios para trabalhos taxonômicos, filogenéticos e ecológicos. Erythrina speciosa apresentou plântula epígeo-carnosa, formando somente dois eofilos. As espécies de Sophoreae e Swartzieae formaram plântulas hipógeas, sendo constituídos de cinco a sete eofilos em Holocalyx balansae, de seis a 15 em Sophora tomentosa e de sete a 10 em Swartzia langsdorffii. Em Tephrosieae, Lonchocarpus muehlbergianus produziu plântula hipógea e constituiu de oito a 10 eofilos e Platycyamus regnellii formou plântulas epígeo-carnosas e apenas dois eofilos. As plântulas e plantas jovens de Erythrina speciosa e de Platycyamus regnellii são similares, sendo distinguidas somente pela presença de espinhos e nectários extra-florais na primeira. Com relação à filotaxia, as espécies de Sophoreae e Swartzieae apresentaram somente nós alternos, enquanto que, em Phaseoleae e Tephrosieae, a filotaxia do primeiro nó eofilar foi oposta, passando a alterna nos nós subsequentes. Foram encontrados nódulos radiculares em todas as espécies, exceto em Holocalyx balansae e em Platycyamus regnellii.
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The lognormal distribution model is frequently found in communities, especially those which are rich in species and influenced by many environmental factors, as those of the cerrado. We tested the hypothesis that the abundance distribution of woody plant species in a cerrado fragment fits the lognormal model. We placed 20 lines in a cerrado fragment and sampled, with the point-quarter method, 800 individuals with stem perimeter equal or larger than 3 cm. We plotted the abundance-class histogram of the species, verified its normality with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and estimated the expected number of woody species for this community. Of the 63 obtained species, Anadenanthera falcata (with 185 species), Eriotheca gracilipes (43), Stryphnodendron obovatum (37), and Miconia albicans (36) were the most abundant ones. Twelve species were represented by only one individual. We did not reject the null hypotheses that the distribution of woody component species was normal and, thus, their abundances fitted the lognormal model. Therefore, with our work, we can predict that cerrado plant communities fit the lognormal model. If this pattern is maintained in other cerrado communities, there would be implications for the conservation of this vegetation type, because rare species are susceptible of extinction, and implications to their structure, because the dominant species may act as keystone species.
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Durante o levantamento de microfungos associados a substratos vegetais na Serra da Jibóia, Santa Terezinha, Bahia, Brasil, no período de outubro/2005 a junho/2006, foram encontradas quatro espécies de Vermiculariopsiella associadas à decomposição de folhas, pecíolos e galhos nesse ecossistema. Vermiculariopsiella. immersa (Desm.) Bender e V. cubensis (R.F. Castañeda) Nawawi, Kuthub. & B. Sutton são novos registros para a Serra da Jibóia e Estado da Bahia respectivamente e V. cornuta (V. Rao & Hoog) Nawawi, Kuthub. & B. Sutton e V. falcata Nawawi, Kuthub. & B. Sutton constituem novos registros para a América do Sul. São apresentadas descrições e ilustrações das características morfológicas das quatro espécies, informações sobre substratos e a distribuição geográfica, bem como chave para identificação de todas as espécies conhecidas de Vermiculariopsiella.
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A caracterização morfológica de unidades de dispersão é importante para auxiliar na identificação de uma espécie botânica e são poucos os trabalhos que descrevem as sementes das espécies ornamentais, sejam elas árvores, arbustos ou plantas herbáceas. As plantas ornamentais distinguem-se pela duração do florescimento, pela forma e pelo colorido das folhas, das flores e das inflorescências, bem como, pela aparência e arquitetura da planta. Sementes, como a maioria das estruturas reprodutivas, são relativamente estáveis, não variam muito com as condições ambientais, e sua organização básica interna somente varia levemente entre espécies e gêneros relacionados e as diferenças que existem podem ser estimadas como significativas filogeneticamente e ser usadas na identificação taxonômica. O objetivo do trabalho foi ilustrar e descrever as características externas e internas das unidades de dispersão, tais como a forma, o tipo, o tamanho e a posição do embrião em relação ao tecido de reserva, permitindo uma identificação mais segura de duas espécies de plantas arbóreas, a murta-branca (Allophyllus edulis (St.Hil.) Radlk - Sapindaceae) e a eritrina-candelabro (Erythrina speciosa Andrews - Fabaceae-Papilionoideae), usadas na arborização urbana; duas plantas herbáceas, a alstroeméria (Alstoemeria psittacina Lehm. - Amaryllidaceae) e frésia ou frísia (Freesia refracta Klatt. - Iridaceae) e um arbusto florífero, a esponjinha-vermelha ou caliandra (Calliandra tweedii Benth. - Fabaceae-Mimosoideae).
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A chymotrypsin inhibitor was purified from Erythrina velutina seeds by ammonium sulphate fractionation, affinities chromatographies on Trypsin-Sepharose, Quimotrypsin-Sepharose and reversed phase C-18 FPLC/AKTA system. The inhibitor, named EvCI, shown molecular mass of 17 kDa, as determined by SDSPAGE. 2D-PAGE showed four isoinhibitors with pI values of 4,42, 4,63, 4,83 and 5,06, with molecular mass of 17 kDa each. The aminoacid sequence of EvCI was determined by MALDI-TOF-MS and showed a high similarity with other Kunitz-type inhibitor of Erythrina variegata. EvCI competitively inhibited chymotrypsin, with Ki of 4 x10-8 M, but did not inhibited trypsin, pancreatic elastase, bromelain and papain. The inhibitory activity of EvCI was stable over wide pH and temperature ranges. In the presence of DTT 100 mM for 120 min, EvCI lost 50 % of activity. Cytotoxicity was studied in HeLa, MDA, HepG2, K562 and PC3 cells after 72-h incubation period. EvCl inhibited HeLa cells growth with an IC50 value of 50 μg/ml. Subsequent studies in HeLa cells analysis of cell death by annexin V/PI double-staining and cell cycle, using flow cytometry. The results provide evidence for a cytostatic activity of EvCl and support further studies on potential application of this inhibitors as an antiproliferative agent in combined therapy against cervical cancer
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Globulins fractions of legume seeds of Crotalaria pallida, Erytrina veluntina and Enterolobium contortisiliquum were isolated and submitted to assays against serine, cysteine and aspartic proteinases, as also amylase present in midgut of C. maculatus and Z. subfasciatus. Hemagglutination assays indicated presence of a lectin in E. veluntina globulin fractions. This lectin had affinity to human erythrocytes type A, B and O. Vicilins were purified by chromatography on Sephacryl S-300 followed of a chromatography on Sephacryl S-200, which was calibrated using protein markers. Vicilins from C. pallida (CpV) and E. veluntina (EvV) seeds had a molecular mass of 124.6 kDa and E. contortisiliquum a molecular mass of 151kDa. Eletrophoresis in presence of SDS showed that CpV was constituted by four subunities with apparent molecular mass of 66, 63, 57 and 45 kDa, EvV with three subunities with apparent molecular mass of 45kDa and EcV four subunities, two with 37.1 kDa and two with 25.8 kDa. Non denaturantig eletrophoresis displayed single bands with high homogeneity, where CpV had lower acidic behavior. All vicilins are glycoproteins with carbohydrate contents at 1 to1.5%. Bioassays were done to detect deleterious effects of vicilins against C. maculatus and Z. subfasciatus larvae. CpV, EvV and EcV exhibited a WD50 of 0.28, 0.19 and 1.03%; LD50 0.2, 0.26, and 1.11% respectively to C. maculatus. The dose responses of CpV, EvV and EcV to Z. subfasciatus were: WD50 of 0.12, 0.14, 0.65% and LD50 of 0.09, 0.1, and 0.43% respectively. The mechanism of action of these proteins to bruchids should be based on their properties of bind to chitin present in mid gut of larvae associated with the low digestibility of vicilin. In assays against phytopatogenous fungus, only EcV was capable of inhibit F. solani growth at concentrations of 10 and 20 µg and its action mechanism should be also based in the affinity of EcV to chitin present in the fungi wall
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Grains and legume seeds are foods that form the basis of the diets of many cultures around the world, winch contritbute to the daily nutrient requirements of humans. Vicilins (7S globulin) are storage proteins found in legume seeds, and may have an additional function constitutive defense of the embryo against pests and pathogens. In this work the vicilin from Anadenanthera macrocarpa - AmV (red-angico), was purified and partially characterized, its effect on development and larval survival and adult emergence of Callosobruchus maculatus was evaluated by determination of LD50, WD50 and ED50 in system bioassay. Purification of vicilin was initiated by the chitin affinity chromatography and then gel filtration (Superdex 75 Tricorn 10x300 mm) FPLC system followed by reverse phase chromatography (C8 phenomenex) on HPLC system. Bioassays WD50 and LD50 for larvae were 0.32% and 0.33% (w:w) respectively, since the ED50 for adults was 0.096%. The probable mechanism of action was evaluated by testing digestibility of AmV in vitro, and observed for the involvement of two fragments vicilins immunoreactive against polyclonal Anti-vicilin from Erythrina velutina (Anti-EvV) about of 22 and 13 kDa chitin binding. The AmV in its native form has been recognized by the anti-EvV, indicating that there is a conserved region in the vicilin and is probably corresponding to the chitin binding domains. These results point to a new vicilin chitin binding that can subsequently be used as a possible biopesticide protein source, in order to control insect pest C. maculatus and confirm literature findings that demonstrate vicilin in the presence of different kinds of ligands to conserved regions chitin not yet characterized
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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The use and inadequate exploitation of natural resources is restricting the occurrence of aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva F.F. & M.F. Allemao), which now is on the FAO list of endangered species. This exploitation causes a decrease in the genetic base of M. urundeuva populations, which makes it difficult to find genotypes with stability and adaptability to different growing conditions. This study aimed at estimating the genetic variation and productivity, stability and adaptability of progenies of a M. urundeuva natural population, from the Ecological Station of Paulo de Faria - SP, under different planting systems. DBH (diameter at breast height) was evaluated in four progeny tests of M. urundeuva: i) planted with Anandenanthera falcata and Guazuma ulmifolia (TP-AMA); ii) single (TP-ASO); iii) planted with annual crops (TP-SAF) and iv) planted with Corymbia citriodora (TP-EUCA), installed in Selviria-MS. The experimental design consisted of complete randomized blocks with three replications and a variable number of plants per plot in each of the four planting systems. From the joint analysis of the planting systems studied, it was found that: i) there were variations among planting systems particularly in TP-SAF; ii) only in TP-EUCA it was possible to detect variations among the progenies; iii) the effects of the genotype x environment interaction were not significant. Thereby, the harmonic mean of genotypic values (MHVG), the relative performance of genotypic values from the mean of each site (PRVG) and the harmonic mean of the relative performance of genotypic values (MHPRVG) for DBH showed, respectively: progenies with greater stability, adaptability, and stability and simultaneous adaptability within different planting systems. The use of these selection criteria provided a more refined selection of the best progenies of M. urundeuva under the different planting systems studied.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Background: Plants synthesise a vast repertoire of chemicals with various biological activities. Brazilian enormous botanical diversity facilitates the development of novel ethical drugs for the treatment of diseases in humans. Objective: To present therapeutic patent applications comprising Brazilian native plants published in the 2003 - 2008 period in light of legal aspects of patentability of biodiversity and public health concerns. Methods: Therapeutic patent applications related to Brazilian medicinal plants available at both the European Patent Office and the Brazilian National Institute of industrial Property databases were reviewed. Results/conclusion: Twenty-five patents are presented, most of which concern inflammatory, allergic, parasitic, infectious or digestive diseases, including extracts from Carapa guianensis, Copaifera genus, Cordia verbenacea, Erythrina mulungu, Physalis angulata and other pharmaceutical compositions with antileishmanial, antimalarial or trypanocidal activity. Brazilian research centres and universities are responsible for most of these inventions.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)