Contact, Mobility and Authenticity: Language Ideologies in Koineisation and Creolisation

Part II - Christoph Neuenschwander: Language ideologies in the legitimisation of Tok Pisin as a lingua franca Pidgins and Creoles all over the world seem to share common aspects in the historical circumstances of their genesis and evolution. They all emerged in the context of colonialism, in which not only colonisers and colonised, but also the various groups of the colonised population spoke different languages. Pidgins and Creoles, quite simply, resulted from the need to communicate.���� Yet, the degree to which they became accepted as a lingua franca or in fact even as a linguistic variety in its own right, strikingly differs from variety to variety. The current research project focuses on two Pacific Creoles: Tok Pisin, spoken on Papua New Guinea, and Hawai'i Creole English (HCE). Whereas Tok Pisin is a highly stabilised and legitimised variety, used as a lingua franca in one of the most linguistically diverse countries on Earth, HCE seems to be regarded as nothing more than broken English by a vast majority of the Hawai'ian population. The aim of this project is to examine the metalinguistic comments about both varieties and to analyse the public discourses, in which the status of Tok Pisin and HCE were and still are negotiated. More precisely, language ideologies shall be identified and compared in the two contexts. Ultimately, this might help us understand the mechanisms that underlie the processes of legitimisation or stigmatisation. As Laura Tresch will run a parallel research project on language ideologies on new dialects (New Zealand English and Estuary English), a comparison between the findings of both projects may produce even more insights into those mechanisms. The next months of the project will be dedicated to investigating the metalinguistic discourse in Papua New Guinea. In order to collect a wide range of manifestations of language ideologies, i.e. instances of (lay and academic) commentary on Tok Pisin, it makes sense to look at a relatively large period of time and to single out events that are likely to have stimulated such manifestations. In the history of Papua New Guinea - and in the history of Tok Pisin, in particular - several important social and political events concerning the use and the status of the language can be detected. One example might be public debates on education policy. The presentation at the CSLS Winter School 2014 will provide a brief introduction to the history of Tok Pisin and raise the methodological question of how to spot potential sites of language-ideological production.

A new way of teaching different subjects in a foreign language in the Building Engineering Degree at the Universidad Polit��cnica.

The European Union has been promoting linguistic diversity for many years as one of its main educational goals. This is an element that facilitates student mobility and student exchanges between different universities and countries and enriches the education of young undergraduates. In particular, a higher degree of competence in the English language is becoming essential for engineers, architects and researchers in general, as English has become the lingua franca that opens up horizons to internationalisation and the transfer of knowledge in today���s world. Many experts point to the Integrated Approach to Contents and Foreign Languages System as being an option that has certain benefits over the traditional method of teaching a second language that is exclusively based on specific subjects. This system advocates teaching the different subjects in the syllabus in a language other than one���s mother tongue, without prioritising knowledge of the language over the subject. This was the idea that in the 2009/10 academic year gave rise to the Second Language Integration Programme (SLI Programme) at the Escuela Arquitectura T��cnica in the Universidad Polit��cnica Madrid (EUATM-UPM), just at the beginning of the tuition of the new Building Engineering Degree, which had been adapted to the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) model. This programme is an interdisciplinary initiative for the set of subjects taught during the semester and is coordinated through the Assistant Director Office for Educational Innovation. The SLI Programme has a dual goal; to familiarise students with the specific English terminology of the subject being taught, and at the same time improve their communication skills in English. A total of thirty lecturers are taking part in the teaching of eleven first year subjects and twelve in the second year, with around 120 students who have voluntarily enrolled in a special group in each semester. During the 2010/2011 academic year the degree of acceptance and the results of the SLI Programme have been monitored. Tools have been designed to aid interdisciplinary coordination and to analyse satisfaction, such as coordination records and surveys. The results currently available refer to the first and second year and are divided into specific aspects of the different subjects involved and into general aspects of the ongoing experience.

Integrated approach to foreign language in the building engineering degree at the Universidad Polit��cnica Madrid

The European Union has been promoting linguistic diversity for many years as one of its main educational goals. This is an element that facilitates student mobility and student exchanges between different universities and countries and enriches the education of young undergraduates. In particular,a higher degree of competence in the English language is becoming essential for engineers, architects and researchers in general, as English has become the lingua franca that opens up horizons to internationalisation and the transfer of knowledge in today���s world. Many experts point to the Integrated Approach to Contents and Foreign Languages System as being an option that has certain benefits over the traditional method of teaching a second language that is exclusively based on specific subjects. This system advocates teaching the different subjects in the syllabus in a language other than one���s mother tongue, without prioritising knowledge of the language over the subject. This was the idea that in the 2009/10 academic year gave rise to the Second Language Integration Programme (SLI Programme) at the Escuela Arquitectura Tecnica in the Universidad Politecnica Madrid (EUATM-UPM), just at the beginning of the tuition of the new Building Engineering Degree, which had been adapted to the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) model. This programme is an interdisciplinary initiative for the set of subjects taught during the semester and is coordinated through the Assistant Director Office for Educational Innovation. The SLI Programme has a dual goal; to familiarise students with the specific English terminology of the subject being taught, and at the same time improve their communication skills in English. A total of thirty lecturers are taking part in the teaching of eleven first year subjects and twelve in the second year, with around 120 students who have voluntarily enrolled in a special group in each semester. During the 2010/2011 academic year the degree of acceptance and the results of the SLI Programme are being monitored. Tools have been designed to aid interdisciplinary coordination and to analyse satisfaction, such as coordination records and surveys. The results currently available refer to the first semester of the year and are divided into specific aspects of the different subjects involved and into general aspects of the ongoing experience.

La pluriappartenenza nella lingua speciale della terapia con il mezzo del cavallo

Pratica riabilitativa innovativa che associa alle cure tradizionali l���interazione con l���animale, la terapia con il mezzo del cavallo ha riscosso negli ultimi anni un notevole successo ed �� oggi una realt�� sempre pi�� popolare e riconosciuta anche in Italia. Autorit�� nel campo e nella ricerca rimangono per�� Paesi quali Stati Uniti, Francia e Belgio, a cui si devono molte delle pubblicazioni scientifiche a riguardo. Il presente elaborato ha per oggetto una riflessione sulla lingua speciale impiegata nel settore, con particolare attenzione alla multidisciplinarit�� e alla pluriappartenenza che ne caratterizzano la terminologia in contesti di comunicazione esperto-esperto e che possono generare notevoli difficolt�� traduttive. Punto di riferimento per l���analisi linguistica �� il volume ���Th��rapies avec le cheval���, scritto ed edito dalla F.E.N.T.A.C. (F��d��ration nationale de th��rapies avec le cheval), di cui sono stati tradotti alcuni estratti a dimostrazione di quanto osservato. Il lavoro si articola in sei capitoli: il primo traccia una panoramica del settore della TMC in Italia, con rimandi alla realt�� francese; il secondo, dedicato allo studio della terminologia, presenta una prima sezione incentrata sulla multidisciplinarit�� e una seconda sulla pluriappartenenza; il terzo capitolo contiene il testo a fronte tratto dal volume gi�� menzionato e il quarto la proposta di traduzione; il quinto �� di commento alle scelte traduttive; il sesto �� riservato alle conclusioni.

"Poliglotti come camaleonti. Se parlano un'altra lingua cambiano personalit��." Proposta di traduzione di un articolo di giornale e riflessione sul rapporto tra lingue e personalit�� distinte.

La presente tesi �� volta a prospettare una proposta di traduzione dell���articolo di giornale ��Poliglotti come camaleonti: Se parlano un���altra lingua cambiano personalit���� pubblicato nel 2013 dal quotidiano nazionale La Repubblica, a seguito della diffusione di studi che dimostrano la fondatezza scientifica della compresenza di pi�� identit�� socio-linguistico-culturali nei poliglotti, ritenute essere all���origine dell���insorgenza di tratti caratteriali anche contrastanti tra loro. Accanto alla traduzione, l���elaborato intende soffermarsi su aspetti cognitivi introdotti nell���articolo, con un approfondimento e una riflessione personale sugli studi sul cambiamento di personalit�� nei soggetti plurilingue. Nel dettaglio, la tesi si articola di 4 capitoli. In quello introduttivo (capitolo 1), mi propongo di instradare il lettore verso il campo della traduzione in ambito giornalistico, un settore poco analizzato ma degno di particolare attenzione per la sua unicit��. Il capitolo 2 �� interamente dedicato alla proposta di traduzione dell���articolo di La Repubblica di cui sopra, inserito in appendice. Segue un���analisi con commento alla traduzione (capitolo 3) all���interno della quale illustro la concatenazione di procedimenti tramite cui sono giunta alla realizzazione della traduzione, con conseguenti motivazioni concepite per giustificare determinate scelte traduttive. Il commento costituisce l'aggancio tra traduzione e riflessione sul contenuto tradotto. La tesi si conclude con il capitolo 4, dove appunto la questione di riferimento �� ����� possibile cambiare personalit�� nel passaggio da una lingua all���altra?���. A sostegno della mia riflessione ho consultato diverse fonti accademiche tra riviste, singoli articoli universitari e libri di testo.

Frenitalianese in Montreal: when French, Italian and English collide

La tesi approfondisce le origini della lingua francese e inglese approdate sulle coste canadesi con Jacques Cartier e i colonizzatori britannici. Un ulteriore cambiamento linguistico si osserva con l���arrivo delle ondate di immigrati provenienti da diversi paesi, tra di loro anche moltissimi italiani. Un cambiamento importante ha coinvolto la lingua parlata dagli immigrati italiani sbarcati a Montreal negli anni ���60. Una commistione di dialetti ha dato vita, in definitiva, ad una lingua ibrida: l���Italianese. L���analisi per generazione ha, in seguito, permesso di osservare l���evoluzione e l���involuzione dei rapporti tra italiano, inglese e francese, con la creazione di parlate uniche che non possono essere scisse n�� dalla cultura di partenza, quella italiana, n�� da quelle di arrivo (inglese e francese). Ogni generazione ha sviluppato, in maniera originale, un particolare rapporto sui tre diversi fronti linguistici con i quali si confronta ogni giorno e le soluzioni trovate sono del tutto inaspettate e straordinarie. Si pu�� notare, infine, come il rapporto con la lingua italiana sembra affievolirsi nei pi�� giovani e nella pi�� acerba quarta generazione. Solo il passare del tempo, per��, potr�� rivelarci cosa ne sar�� della lingua italiana parlata a Montreal.

Novo diccionario da lingua portugueza e ingleza, enriquecido com grande numero de termos technicos do commercio e da industria, das sciencias e das artes e da linguagem familiar.

Added t.-p. in English.

Novo diccionario da lingua portugueza e ingleza, enriquecido com os termos technicos do commercio e da industria, das sciencias e das artes e da linguagem familiar.

Added t.-p. in English.

Grammaire anglaise d'apre��s le syste��me d'Ollendorff a�� l'usage des franca��is.

"The reader": 103 p. at end.

Lexicon tetraglotton, an English-French-Italian-Spanish dictionary: whereunto is adjoined a large nomenclature of the proper terms (in all the four) belonging to several arts and sciences, to recreations, to professions both liberal and mechanick, &c. Divided into fiftie two sections; with another volume of the choicest proverbs in all the said toungs, (consisting of divers compleat tomes)

"Proverbs d'elite ... " "Proverbi gli piu�� scelti nella lingua italiana ... " "Refranes ... " "Diharebion Cymraeg ... " and "Divers centuries of nevv sayings ... " preceded by half-title pages.

Political power, national identitiy and language

Afrikaans is the home language of 5.9 million people. During the 1980s, Afrikaans was the dominant state language and a widely-used lingua franca in South Africa and Namibia. But by the end of the twentieth century, English had replaced Afrikaans as the dominant state language and a decline in the use of Afrikaans was in evidence, even among native Afrikaans speakers. An examination of this language's twentieth-century journey helps illustrate the relationship(s) between political power, national identity, and the growth and/or decline of languages.

Translation in the global village

Recent developments, particularly globalization and advances in technology, have affected our production and perception of language, as reflected in two conflicting forces, globalism and tribalism. The role of English as an international lingua franca is dicussed, and conclusions are drawn for the varying activities of translation today and for the rapidly changing job profile of the translator.

I forestierismi nel linguaggio della moda e della bellezza. Analisi della presenza di prestiti francesi e inglesi nelle riviste di moda italiane.

Attraverso il presente elaborato si analizza la presenza di termini inglesi e francesi relativi al mondo della moda e della bellezza in alcune delle riviste italiane pi�� diffuse. Nel primo capitolo vengono illustrati i diversi tipi di prestiti, o forestierismi, presenti in italiano, mentre il secondo capitolo si concentra sul loro afflusso nella lingua nel corso della storia, dal quattordicesimo al ventunesimo secolo. Il terzo capitolo racchiude la ricerca empirica che viene condotta su cinque riviste rivolte al pubblico femminile. Viene fatta una analisi del linguaggio dei servizi fotografici e un conteggio dei relativi forestierismi. Inoltre, vengono proposte delle alternative italiane ai forestierismi in uso, con una riflessione sul fenomeno linguistico. Seguono una breve conclusione, la bibliografia e la sitografia consultate.

BET on Top Hat: challenges to improve language proficiency

Within the business context, communication and interaction tends to be considerably rooted in the use of English (as lingua franca), as well as in ICT use. Thus, professionals have to be able to speak the English language, resorting to specific, internationally recognised terminology and be proficient in the use of manifold ICT tools. In fact, the tendency is for the great majority of higher education (HE) students to own mobile devices (laptops, smartphones and/or tablets) and use them to access information and communicate/interact with content and other people. Bearing this in mind, a teaching and learning strategy was designed, in which m-learning (i.e. learning in which the delivery platform is a mobile device) was used to approach Business English Terminology (BET). The strategy was labelled as ���BET on Top Hat���, once the selected application was Top Hat (https://tophat.com/) and the idea was for students to face it as if it were a game/challenge. In this scenario, the main goals of this exploratory study were to find evidence as to: i) the utility of m-learning activities for learning BET and ii) if and how m-learning activities can generate intrinsic motivation in students to learn BET. Participants (n=23) were enrolled in English II, a curricular unit of the 1st cycle degree in Retail Management offered at ��gueda School of Technology and Management ��� University of Aveiro (2014/15 edition). The data gathered included the students��� results in quizzes and their answers to a short final evaluation questionnaire regarding their experience with BET on Top Hat. Consequently, data were treated and analysed resorting to descriptive statistical analysis, and, when considered pertinent, the teacher���s observation notes were also considered. The results unveil that, on the one hand, the strategy had a clear positive impact on the students��� intrinsic motivation and, on the other hand, the students��� performance as to BET use tended to improve over time.