Direct hexagonal transition of amorphous (Ge2Sb2Te5)(0.9)Se-0.1 thin films

Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) is well known for its phase change properties and applications in memory and data storage. Efforts are being made to improve its thermal stability and transition between amorphous and crystalline phases. Various elements are doped to GST to improve these properties. In this work, Se has been doped to GST to study its effect on phase change properties. Amorphous GST film crystallized in to rock salt (NaCl) type structure at 150 degrees C and then transformed to hexagonal structure at 250 degrees C. Interestingly, Se doped GST ((GST)(0.9)Se-0.1) film crystallized directly into hexagonal phase and the intermediate phase of NaCl is not observed. The crystallization temperature (T-c) of (GST)(0.9)Se-0.1 is around 200 degrees C, which is 50 degrees C higher than the T-c of GST. For (GST)(0.9)Se-0.1, the threshold switching occurs at about 4.5V which is higher than GST (3 V). Band gap (E-opt) values of as deposited films are calculated from Tauc plot which are 0.63 eV for GST and 0.66 eV for (GST)(0.9)Se-0.1. The E-opt decreases for the films annealed at higher temperatures. The increased T-c, E-opt, the contrast in resistance and the direct transition to hexagonal phase may improve the data readability and thermal stability in the Se doped GST film. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.

Interface-assisted spintronics: Tailoring at the molecular scale

Organic molecules adsorbed on magnetic surfaces offer the possibility to merge the concepts of molecular electronics with spintronics to build future nanoscale data storage, sensing, and computing multifunctional devices. In order to engineer the functionalities of such hybrid spintronic devices, an understanding of the electronic and magnetic properties of the interface between carbon-based aromatic materials and magnetic surfaces is essential. In this article, we discuss recent progress in the study of spin-dependent chemistry and physics associated with the above molecule-ferromagnet interface by combining state-of-the-art experiments and theoretical calculations. The magnetic properties such as molecular magnetic moment, electronic interface spin-polarization, magnetic anisotropy, and magnetic exchange coupling can be specifically tuned by an appropriate choice of the organic material and the magnetic substrate. These reports suggest a gradual shift in research toward an emerging subfield of interface-assisted molecular spintronics.

Faborez: App social de petición de favores instantáneos

Este Proyecto Fin de Carrera ha realizado el diseño y la implementación de la aplicación social Faborez, para la petición de favores instantáneos. El desarrollo se ha realizado en un marco de integración y colaboración directa de los usuarios en el proyecto, partiendo de un Minimum Viable Product inicial e integrando su feedback en la progresiva ampliación de las características del servicio. En implementación se han utilizado tecnologías emergentes, todas de código abierto: MongoDB y Redis para el almacenamiento de datos, Sails.js como plataforma base para el backend y desarrollando como clientes una aplicación web y otra Android nativa.

Importancia del proyecto en la documentaci??n geom??trica del patrimonio

[ES] La medida y representaci??n del un elemento patrimonial debe responder a unas necesidades. Ser?? dif??cil plantear un proceso de documentaci??n geom??trica encaminado exclusivamente a conservar la informaci??n sobre su forma y dimensiones, si no son determinadas previamente las caracter??sticas de la informaci??n que se requiere conservar: su cantidad, c??mo se almacenar??, se gestionar??, se reproducir?? y difundir??. Se considera al Proyecto de Documentaci??n Geom??trica como el eje vertebrador de la intervenci??n, entendiendo por tal, el documento que recoge las necesidades y circunstancias que rodean al elemento patrimonial, propone resultados para satisfacerlas, plantea alternativas tecnol??gicas junto a la evaluaci??n de los recursos temporales, instrumentales y econ??micos de cada una de las opciones; y en definitiva supone el dise??o de la intervenci??n para la medida y la representaci??n. En este art??culo se analizan las circunstancias que justifican la redacci??n del proyecto y la transcendencia de la generaci??n de este documento en el proceso de la documentaci??n geom??trica.

Continuous radial superresolution filters with large focal depth

A new set of continuous superresolution filters is proposed which exhibits a radial superresolution performance with an extended depth of focus in an optical system by properly choosing the design parameters. Numerical simulation results of the performance parameters of the superresolution gain, the radial central core size, the Strehl ratio, the side-lobe factor and the depth of focus with different design parameters for the optimized patterns are displayed. We also give a design example for this kind of filter characterized by a birefringent element inserted between two parallel polarizers. This kind of filter would be useful in fields such as optical data storage systems.

Designing superresolution optical pupil filter with constrained global optimization algorithm

In this paper, a new method for designing three-zone optical pupil filter is presented. The phase-only optical pupil filter and the amplitude-only optical pupil filters were designed. The first kind of pupil for optical data storage can increase the transverse resolution. The second kind of pupil filter can increase the axial and transverse resolution at the same time, which is applicable in three-dimension imaging in confocal microscopy. (C) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Comparação de dois métodos geofísicos acústicos no mapeamento de fundos submersos: estudo de caso no Mar de Cananéia, Sistema estuarino de Cananéia-Iguape (SP)

Os estuários são ambientes altamente dinâmicos e concentram a maior parte da população mundial em seu entorno. São ambientes complexos que necessitam de uma gama de estudos. Nesse contexto, este trabalho visa contribuir para o entendimento dos estuários lagunares, tendo como objetivo comparar duas ferramentas geofísicas acústicas no mapeamento de uma porção submersa do Mar de Cananéia que está inserido no Sistema Estuarino Lagunar de Cananéia-Iguape (SP). Os equipamentos utilizados nesta pesquisa são o Sonar de Varredura Lateral e o Sistema Acústico de Classificação de Fundo RoxAnn, através da parametrização de amostras de fundo. A comparação do padrão acústico do Sonar de Varredura Lateral com as amostras de fundo da região permitiu o reconhecimento de 6 tipos distintos de padrões acústicos e a relação positiva com o diâmetro médio do grão foi de 50%. A comparação da resposta acústica do Sistema Acústico de Classificação de Fundo RoxAnn com o diâmetro médio do grão foi igualmente de 50%. Isto deve-se ao fato de que os valores produzidos pelo eco 1 e pelo eco 2 deste equipamento mostram que, por ser um mono-feixe e por analisar valores de intensidade do retorno acústico, o equipamento em questão pode responder a outros fatores ambientais que não seja somente o diâmetro médio do grão. Ao comparar a resposta acústica do Sonar de Varredura Lateral com o Sistema Acústico de Classificação de fundo RoxAnn obteve-se um resultado positivo de 93%. Isto pode ser explicado pelo fato de o Sonar de Varredura Lateral gerar uma imagem acústica do fundo. Em locais onde tem-se amostra e os valores do eco 1 e do eco 2 do Sistema Acústico de Classificação de Fundo RoxAnn são altos, pode-se associar a esses locais a influência da compactação dos sedimentos finos através da análise das imagens do Sonar de Varredura Lateral. Por meio da comparação destes dois métodos foi possível estabelecer um intervalo de valores para o eco 1 que pode ser associado ao diâmetro médio do grão. Assim, valores entre 0.170 a 0.484 milivolts podem ser associados a sedimentos finos com granulometria até areia fina. Valores entre 0.364 a 0.733 podem ser associados a sedimentos de granulometria entre areia fina a média. Valores acima de 0.805 milivolts até 1.585 milivolts podem ser associados a sedimentos mais grossos como carbonatos biodetríticos ou areias grossas. E, por fim, valores acima de 2.790 milivolts podem ser associados a afloramentos rochosos.

Analysis of soils and sediments for organic pollutants

20 samples of soil or sediment (7 of which were predominantly sand) from various locations were received for analysis of their content of organic pollutants. These analyses were performed using a capillary column gas chromatograph equipped with an electron impact (E.I.) mass spectrometer as detector and using computerised data storage. In addition to the target compounds, the full scan data were examined to determine the composition of natural organic products and a series of diagnostic fragment ions was used to search for additional anthropogenic products. Organic-rich environmental samples are notoriously difficult to analyse for pollutant organics owing to the presence of high concentrations of many natural organic compounds. A single procedure for extraction and clean-up was adopted. It was designed for chlorinated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and other pesticides containing acidic functional groups and was based on published methods for the determination of organic pollutants in soils and sediments. 4 soils and 2 sands showed levels of one or two groups of PCBs slightly in excess of the detection limit, one sample showed a similar level of 2,4-D and 3 samples contained dieldrin at or just above the detection limit.

High focal depth with a pure-phase apodizer

High-density optical data storage requires high-numerical-aperture (NA) lenses and short wavelengths, But, with increasing NA and decreasing wavelength, the depth of focus (DOF) decreases rapidly. We propose to use pure-phase superresolution apodizers to optimize the axial intensity distribution and extend the DOF of an optical pickup. With this kind of apodizer, the expected DOF can be 2-4.88 times greater than that of the original system, and the spot size will be smaller than that of the original system. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America.

Tunable focal depth of an apodized focusing optical system

The axial intensity distribution and focal depth of an apoclized focusing optical system are theoretically investigated with two kinds of incident light fields: a uniform-intensity-distribution beam and a Gaussian beam. Both a low-numerical-aperture and a high-numerical-aperture optical system are considered. Numerical results show that the depth of focus can be adjusted by changing the geometrical parameters and transmissivity of the apodizer in the focusing optical system. When a Gaussian beam is employed as the incident beam, the waist width also affects the depth of focus. The tunable range of the focal depth is very considerable. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Read-only memory disk with AgOx super-resolution mask layer

A novel read-only memory (ROM) disk with an AgOx mask layer was proposed and studied in this letter. The AgOx films sputtered on the premastered substrates, with pits depth of 50 nm and pits length of 380 nm, were studied by an atomic force microscopy. The transmittances of these AgOx films were also measured by a spectrophotometer. Disk measurement was carried out by a dynamic setup with a laser wavelength of 632.8 nm and a lens numerical aperture (NA) of 0.40. The readout resolution limit of this setup was λ/(4NA) (400 nm). Results showed that the super-resolution readout happened only when the oxygen flow ratios were at suitable values for these disks. The best super-resolution performance was achieved at the oxygen flow ratio of 0.5 with the smoothest film surface. The super-resolution readout mechanism of these ROM disks was analyzed as well.

Dynamic readout of subdiffraction-limited pit arrays with a silver superlens

Recent theoretical and experimental results suggested that the silver superlens could be constructed through controlling silver thin film thickness and preparation conditions, and applied in subdiffraction-limited optical imaging and optical lithography. In this work, we report another significant application of silver superlens-ultrahigh density optical data storage. With the silver superlens the subdiffraction-limited pit arrays on an optical disk are dynamically read out and the carrier-to-noise ratio can reach 25 dB for the thin film thickness of 46 nm. The readout laser power and readout velocity have little effect on the carrier-to-noise ratio. Additionally, in our experiment the silver thin film thickness needs to be controlled in the range from 20 to 80 nm.

Tunable focal depth of an apodized focusing optical system

The axial intensity distribution and focal depth of an apoclized focusing optical system are theoretically investigated with two kinds of incident light fields: a uniform-intensity-distribution beam and a Gaussian beam. Both a low-numerical-aperture and a high-numerical-aperture optical system are considered. Numerical results show that the depth of focus can be adjusted by changing the geometrical parameters and transmissivity of the apodizer in the focusing optical system. When a Gaussian beam is employed as the incident beam, the waist width also affects the depth of focus. The tunable range of the focal depth is very considerable. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

模块化蓝光光存储性能静态测试系统

蓝光光存储是信息存储领域发展的一个重要方向。测试系统是研究蓝光光存储材料的必备条件，为建立蓝光光存储研究平台，设计和搭建了一套模块化蓝光光存储性能静态测试系统。激光工作波长为406．7nm。系统采用调制解调技术降低系统噪声，提高测量粘度：采用光点移动模式降低对样品尺寸的要求；采用纳米平台提高记录点的反复定位性能。实验结果证明测试系统性能良好，可以满足蓝光光存储性能静态测试要求。

光致聚合物中单体及粘结剂对全息性能的影响

研究了单体及粘结剂等成份对全息光致聚合物薄膜光存储性能的影响。在相同引发条件下．以丙烯酰胺作为单体时，光聚物的衍射效率明显高于以丙烯酸和N羟甲基丙烯酰胺作为单体时光聚物的衍射效率。向丙烯酰胺中加入少量N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺，可以改善膜表面的光学质量．降低散射光强度，并提高膜的保存时间。在聚乙烯醇膜中单体聚合程度明显优于在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮中的程度，在大分子量的聚乙烯醇中的衍射效率及感光灵敏度高于在小分子量中的衍射效率和感光灵敏度，而且大分子量的聚乙烯醇能够制备厚膜，这是实现全息海量存储的一个重要因素。