Motivações para adoção: uma perspectiva da Psicologia Evolucionista

Parental investment increases the offspring s survival, though it decreases the opportunities for the parents to invest in a future progeny. In a broad sense, this investment is directed to one s own descendant, but in some cases, such as in adoption, resources are directed to non-relatives even in the absence of fitness benefits. Once there are many factors involved in adoption, this study investigated adopters candidates, aiming to analyze aspects considered by them for adopting, based on the Evolutionary Psychology s perspective. We analyzed the judicial proceedings´ files people who had been inlisted for adoption at the 2ª Childhood and Adolescence Law Court, Natal-RN. The adopter s motivations were classified into biological or social reasons. A relationship between adopters´ age and kind of motivation was found: requirements of young people were related to biological reasons while requirements of the old ones were related to social reasons. Fertility, mainly female requirer´s fertility, underlie this relationship, considering that women fertility is strongly influenced by age. The reasons to adopt were also related to the age of the desired child, once that people who wanted children older than 25 months alleged social reasons while those that wanted younger babies alleged biological reasons. There are lots of motives to adopt a child, but the phenomenon of adoption is broadly acknowledged by society as an act of love and the adoptive parents are often regarded as kind and generous people. It was observed, instead, that the reasons to adopt comes from the adopters themselves, related to the fulfillment of personal needs, such as increasing the family, carrying out mother/father role or having a company or someone to care form them in elderly age

Do útero à adoção: a experiência de mulheres férteis que adotaram uma criança

Even with all changes and ruptures related to the social roles that woman had performed, the literature had confirmed that the motherhood still configures it like one of the main roles that she hopes to play in some moment of her life. When the woman did not get pregnant or take ahead a pregnancy, some women find in adoption an alternative to play this role. This research aimed to understand the experience of being mother for adoption in the case of fertile women, but whose partner is infertile. Supported by existential-phenomenological theory, used it the narrative, how methodological instrument. Participated five women, whose adoption process followed the legal ways in the Youngness and Infancy Judgeship of Natal/RN. The results showed that in the selfish training, the woman to see herself how whose role principal is to generate children, although, she think that is natural her participation in others activities go out home too. In male infertile case is a tendency that the woman strikes the infertile status too. The adoption is an alternative to fulfill her desire of being a mother and, meanwhile, please her husband and guarantee the continuity of her love relationship. Through motherly care, the woman discover herself as a mother, what brings a new meaning for her live, independent of to generate a child. Though, exit frustration, sometimes, in association with suffering, on account of the pregnancy and childbirth absence. The end of the research suggests reflections that to become fulfilled herself as mother, the woman does not need, necessarily, to generate a child, being the maternity one of the uncountable possibilities that are shown, and that she can choose, or not, accomplish it

No pulsar da clínica: a repetição e as produções corporais de uma criança

This study investigates the Repetition of movements shown in a stereotypical case of a child three years old. In line with the psychoanalysis model of search, this work presents fragments of the clinic process, the locus for the observation of repetitive, ritualized and choreographically movements of this child who used not to speak. The contrast between their movements and the issuance of a word verbalized at the end of the treatment caused the following question: repetition in this child production would be a reproduction of the same or would be directing for the difference? In the psychiatric speech, the stereotypes are listed as diagnostic criteria for certain mental disorders. In the psychoanalysis studies a question about the psych nature of ritualistic gestures apparently without purpose or direction is included. Thus, the route followed was the reading of the theoretical concept of repetition in the psychoanalytic works of S. Freud and J. Lacan. With Freud, the repetition is linked to the transfer and resistance. In that context, when it appears in act, in the place of the talk, it constitutes a particular way of remembering. But the existence of a force in the psychic apparatus that acts independent and involuntarily of the Principle of pleasure (the repetition compulsion) subsidizes the discovery of Freudian pulsion of death that is the tendency to return to itself. In the Lacan reading, the function of Repetition is magnified, as it fulfils two functions: the automaton - reminders of repetitive signs, and that the service of tiqué - the meeting of the subject with his lack constituent. In this sense, repetition is not simply a reproduction, but the search for new, the difference, caused by the lack of continuity that pushes the circuit. Finally, the clinic process and the theoretical readings made the comprehension of the child repetitive and choreographically movements and the pronouncement of a "good-bye", full of meaning. This repetitive scenario which is full of questions, by this very nature, insists in remains inconclusive

A manifestação da vontade da criança na disputa judicial da guarda: escuta psicanalítica/

Currently, in custody disputes, the child has the right to be heard and to have its opinion considered, according to its age and maturity. The psychologist/psychoanalyst who works in the Family Court is required to produce a Report with the purpose of helping the Court´s decision. The present research aims to discuss and to find guiding principles for the hearing of the declaration of the child´s will in a custody dispute by its parents, from a psychoanalytical perspective. The case of a nine year old girl that affirmed in Court the desire of living with the mother and seeing the father only once a year is the starting point of this theoretical research over the psychoanalytic fundaments of the hearing of the case, how it appeared in that experience and how it was reflected in the report. Throughout this work, the peculiarities of psychoanalysis as a way of understanding the subject and the conditions that must be observed so that a sctrictu sensu analytic hearing is possible are studied. Then we present a reflection of the case, in the light of the theories studied, verifying that we could observe in the experience: i) the assumption of a subject of the unconscious, divided and desire full that constitutes itself from the oedipic structuration, that leads to the difference between speech and speak; ii) the concept of the child as having a sexuality of its own; iii) a hearing based on the ethic principles of psychoanalysis and the analysts'' formation. In the final considerations, we state that the institutional demand of a meaning for the case is a great difficulty for the analyst since he works from a place of 'not-knowing"

A auto-estima da criança que sofre violência física pela família

This research investigates the self-esteem of children who suffered physical violence by family members. Seven children took part in the research: three boys and four girls, aged between six and twelve years old. The analysis were done from the constructed data obtained from: semi-structured interview, activities about human feelings, activities that included facial expressions, unfinished phrases, Pinocchio s story, a drawing of a family and a drawing of their own family. Data were analyzed from the Content Analysis. The Thematic Units were: violence, intrafamily violence, and self-esteem. The synthesis of the categories studied evidenced that the physical violence and the psychological violence present in the lives of children affect the positive development of their self-concept and, consequently, of their self-esteem. Among the results, we emphasize some negative feelings that are present in children s lives such as fear, a sense of guilt, and sadness, arising out of the situations of violence they have experienced

A experiência da criança com a droga :características do uso e circunstâncias familiares

The study is a reflexion of the use of drugs among children, pointing that as one of the most serious social problem nowadays. Customize the abuse of drugs reflecting on the childhood and the family s influence of the problem of the children that use drugs, is the main objective of this thesis. Choosing the qualitative method of research, the investigation starts with the reports of the children and mothers assisted at Centro de Referência e Apoio à Criança e ao Adolescente Usuários de Drogas, program of specialized assistance of 1ª Vara da Infância e da Juventude de Natal/RN. The research was done through semi-structured interviews, in a total of six subjects: three children and their respective mothers. Through the reports of the subjects, it is brought theorical reflexions that illustrates their perceptions and conceptions about topics like the usage of drugs, the circumstances the usage of drugs was started, the family s structure and dynamic, the situation on the streets, and other factors that affect the development of a child in her/his environment. It is proved that the usage of drugs in Brazil, problem that has been increasing the number of children affected by, is a multi faceted and complex phenomenon but some factors of social and family risks deserve to be pointed out like the manner of support future actions in the prevention area

Ser-no-mundo com a criança portadora de câncer compreendendo a experiência de psicólogos nos serviços de oncologia pediátrica de Natal-RN

Cancer goes on to be a frightening disease by humanity, simetimes,it is considered as death, suffering and stigma synonym. Occurring at childhood, this meaning seems to acquire a more intense conotation, having in view of the perplexity and godliness feeling in the presence of the precocity of events, nearly always associated to the death. A psychologist co-existence with the cancer children is going acquiring, thus, a permeated sense by incognitas , fears and fantasy, which raised us the following question: how does the psychologist that answers children with cancer lives this experience? Therefore, the aim this research was to understand this co-existence experience. Our theoretical perspective comes from an existencial fenomenology and, more specifically, the Humanistic Approach and Martin Heidegger Existencial Ontology. The metodology is qualitative of phenomenological character. The access instrument to the experience was the narrative, such as purpose by Walter Benjamin. They were carried out nine semi-open interviews with psychologists who work on pediatric oncology services of Natal-RN city. Such interviews were recorded in cassette, transcripted and later, re-educated. These interviews were recorded, transcribed and later on edited with the help of the interviewee and turned into a text. The narrative comprehension was carried out on Heidegger Existencial Ontology, on dada exaustive reading and the clipping of indicative passages of experience sense of being psychologist on this area. The research suggests that the experience is oriented of clinic kowing-doing, being crossed by implications of key thematics which indicate the care as central ontologic element that orientates the way as these professionals come being in the world in association with the clientèle. Besides, the caring experience of these children acquire the sense of true living experience, since the cancer undoes the immortality illusion, launching the psychologist to his/her condition of being to the death and with that, calling him/her the authenticity. Is is only not dealt with to experience the anguish and the death imminence, but above all, re-meaning them in favour of a continual learning, of quality answering , besides other possibilities. Working with child cancer brings news perspectives and world views, making the psychologist a more human people and sensitive to the distracted needs. And we believe that, regardless of area which actuates, being psychologist is a particular way which choose to be citizen. Is is a project that will be delimited by society, history and culture and after all, by us like human being. Therefore, we understand that the results this research suggest the discussed thematic deepening on this intervention field in order to new sense possibilities can arise giving origin to other reflections about the clinical practice, the professional formation in Psychology and other possible developments

Violência sexual intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes: o estado da arte em periódicos em psicologia

Intrafamily sexual violence against children and adolescents is a highly complex and serious issue in terms of the damage caused to this population. However, despite the relevance of this discussion, the matter only began to be addressed in the second half of the twentieth century, with its inclusion in academic research from the perspective of damage caused to the victims. Debate on intrafamily sexual violence against children and adolescents has intensified in recent decades, particularly with the enactment of the Statute on Children and Adolescents (Federal Law 8069/90), which recognizes children and adolescents as rights holders. Open discussion on the issue meant several fields of knowledge began to study the topic. Particularly prominent among these areas is the field of Psychology, promoting theoretical discussions and practical interventions focusing on this type of violence. Given the theoretical and methodological diversity of psychological science and the many possibilities for the production of knowledge, this study aims to map and debate research conducted in the field that discusses intrafamily sexual violence against children and adolescents in Brazil. To that end, articles published in Psychology journals were analyzed. In order to achieve this objective, a search was conducted of Scielo Brasil using descriptors on the subject, chosen from a list reported by Faleiros (2000). The time frame studied was between 1990 and 2013, therefore included the date of the enactment of the Statute of Children and Adolescents. Qualitative analysis was selected as a data analysis technique around two main themes. The first involved analyzing the concept of intrafamily sexual violence based on its components. The second analytical theme addressed the theoretical and methodological strategies used by the authors. The aim was to identify and discuss the approaches chosen to achieve the proposed objectives as well as the justifications provided by the authors for their research. Analyses of these themes were based on theoretical discussions on intrafamily sexual violence against children and adolescents. Difficulties were identified in conceptualizing intrafamily sexual violence so as to include all its elements and differentiate it from sexual exploitation. The studies assessed showed substantial diversity in both the theoretical and methodological approaches used, contributing to understanding the phenomenon. It is expected that this study will contribute to reflection on intrafamily sexual violence against children and adolescents, promoting new studies and/or practical interventions

Promovendo a interação mãe-criança com implante coclear: um estudo de caso

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos de uma intervenção conduzida com a mãe de uma criança com implante coclear através da avaliação de mudanças comportamentais identificadas após o programa. Participou deste estudo uma díade mãe ouvinte-criança com deficiência auditiva e implante coclear, filmada em quatro sessões de observação: uma situação de brinquedo e outra do cotidiano, antes e após a intervenção. Esta constou de dois encontros nos quais a mãe assistiu às filmagens e foi orientada quanto à sua conduta com relação à criança. Os resultados mostraram aumento no número de verbalizações maternas nas categorias informar e solicitar, bem como de falas da criança nas categorias falar espontaneamente e fazer solicitação, quando comparadas as medidas pré e pós-testes nas duas situações observadas. O estudo mostra a importância de intervenções que favoreçam a relação mãe-filho para o desenvolvimento de habilidades comunicativas da criança com deficiência auditiva e implante coclear.

Desempenho escolar da criança vitimizada encaminhada ao fórum judicial

O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar o desempenho escolar da criança vítima de violência doméstica atendida no Fórum Judicial. Participaram do estudo 20 crianças vitimizadas comparadas com seus pares da mesma sala de aula, mesmo sexo e mesma faixa etária, mas sem histórico de violência doméstica, suas respectivas mães e professoras. As crianças responderam ao Teste de Desempenho Escolar, Inventário de Estilos Parentais e ao Teste de Raven (Escala Especial) e apresentaram o caderno escolar. As mães responderam a uma entrevista e a Escala de Táticas de Conflitos Revisada (CTS-2). As professoras apresentaram sua opinião sobre o desempenho acadêmico dos participantes. Os dados obtidos mostraram que a criança vitimizada tem desempenho escolar inferior ao grupo controle. Os resultados da CTS-2 indicaram que a maioria das crianças vitimizadas estava exposta à violência conjugal. O estudo mostrou que, além da violência doméstica direta e indireta, tais crianças estavam expostas a outros fatores de risco, tais como, pobreza, baixa escolaridade materna e uso de álcool e/ou droga por familiares.

A vivência do pai no processo de reabilitação da criança com deficiência auditiva

Este estudo visou investigar as vivências emocionais e mecanismos de defesa de pais de crianças com deficiência auditiva. Foram entrevistados 12 genitores masculinos, de 25 a 38 anos, com escolaridade de primeiro grau incompleto a superior incompleto. Dos entrevistados, sete eram pais de filhos únicos, três, pais pela segunda vez e um pai pela terceira vez da criança com necessidade específica. As respostas foram categorizadas e analisadas com base no referencial psicodinâmico e apresentam vivências de choque, ansiedade e angústia e o uso de mecanismos de defesa frente ao diagnóstico e implicações da deficiência. As defesas constatadas foram analisadas como reações situacionalmente esperadas, podendo favorecer formas mais realistas de enfrentamento posterior. Sugere-se que, assim como mães, pais vivenciam impacto e dificuldades emocionais frente ao diagnóstico de seus filhos. Diferenças de papéis familiares facilitam ao pai um menor envolvimento na educação da criança, devendo-se valorizar a sua importância no processo de reabilitação.

A criança abrigada: considerações acerca do sentido da filiação

O presente artigo discute os sentidos da filiação para crianças abrigadas, vítimas de violência doméstica. O desejo dessas crianças de recuperar a filiação familiar é analisado como busca de um lugar psicossocial. As crianças abrigadas, que sofreram uma ruptura na filiação primeva e história de vida, flutuam entre vinculações efêmeras, sem referências de seu passado e sem pontos fixos e sólidos para seu assentamento no presente que lhes possam servir de guia ou de novas filiações. Tal condição de desfiliação é focalizada como tendência da sociedade contemporânea em afrouxar vinculações, movimentar os ancoradouros psicossociais e produzir desterritorializações, favorecendo uma subjetividade móvel, não identitária, desenlaçada de encaixes e conexões duradouros. Como conclusão, é apontada a continuidade histórica da vitimização da infância realizada pela condição de trânsito e passagem na qual vive, impeditiva de constituições de vínculos duradouros e sólidos que permitam uma suficiente estabilidade e segurança para a prospecção do mundo.

História da saúde mental infantil: a criança brasileira da Colônia à República Velha

Este texto descreve a trajetória da Saúde Mental e dos cuidados à infância no Brasil da Colônia à República Velha. No período colonial não havia cuidados especiais à criança. O que temos para compreender a criança colonial são relatos descritos em documentos, tratados e cartas da época, e em descrições de viajantes que aqui aportaram para conhecer o Novo Mundo. Depois do século XVIII a urbanização das cidades requer a intervenção médica nas questões de higiene e saúde, e gradativamente muda a concepção de criança, primeiro na Europa, depois no Brasil, chegando o século XIX com médicos preocupados com a questão da mortalidade infantil e com os cuidados que se deveria ter com a criança, negligenciada até então. É no século XIX que se inicia a institucionalização dos saberes médicos e psicológicos aplicados à infância e é quando podemos obter mais registros sobre que cuidados eram reservados à criança.

Merleau-Ponty e a psicologia infantil: análises da psicogênese em Wallon

Neste artigo tratamos das análises do filósofo Maurice Merleau-Ponty acerca das teorias da psicogênese de Henri Wallon. Focalizamos os cursos que Merleau-Ponty dedicara à psicologia da criança entre 1949 e 1952. Para o filósofo, ao longo da psicogênese, a distinção do indivíduo em relação ao mundo e a outrem jamais é terminada. A infância jamais é liquidada radicalmente, pelo simples fato de que não abandonamos nossa condição corporal, nosso poder de retomar as condutas e expressões fisionômicas dos outros e das coisas. Merleau-Ponty encontra indicações neste sentido nas teorias de Wallon, principalmente nos conceitos de sociabilidade sincrética e de ultracoisas.

A concepção de criança e desenvolvimento infantil e a coleção Biblioteca de Educação: uma análise das obras escritas pelos psicólogos funcionalistas franco-genebrinos e por Lourenço Filho

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