Mães de neonatos pré-termo hospitalizados: avaliação do apoio social e da sintomatologia ansiogênica

Social support is an important factor throughout one s life, especially in times of crisis. Premature delivery can be considered a crisis, followed by neonatal hospitalization. This type of birth is associated with elevated anxiety, representing risks to maternal mental health and mother-infant relationship. This research aims to investigate whether a relationship exists between perceived social support and the expression of anxiety in mothers of premature, hospitalized newborns. This is a cross-sectional, correlational study, conducted during the period of April to October 2011, using a convenience sample. The sample consisted of seventy mothers with preterm, hospitalized newborns and seventy mothers of full-term newborns. The instruments used were the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Social Support Scale. The results demonstrated a weak negative relationship between intensity-State Anxiety and emotional support as well as a negative relationship in intensity between low to moderate-Trait Anxiety, social support and its dimensions (material support, emotional, information, interaction positive social and emotional). These suggest that the better the perception of social support, the less severe anxiogenic symptoms will be, and the converse is also true. It is noteworthy, therefore, the importance of social support, as well as the importance of health professionals to be aware not only of the physical health of the newborn, but also the psychosocial aspects that pervade the context of preterm birth followed by hospitalization

Escuta clínica e atitude fenomenológica no atendimento à pessoa surda: reflexões sobre um processo psicoterápico

Psychology uses listening as a work resource. When it comes to psychotherapy, listening establishes communication and makes psychologist-client dialogue easier. This qualitative research aims to discuss the clinic listening in phenomenological attitude in existential-phenomenological psychotherapy with deaf people. This perspective is based on the thinking of German philosopher Martin Heidegger, who considers humane a being-with and being-in-the-world, always unveiling meanings. Regarding the deaf people, Libras is currently the natural language of Brazilian deaf people. In this new language configuration, communication occurs in a visual-spatial modality. Thus, listening and speech gain new dimensions, demanding different ways of understanding in the field of psychotherapy. To the development of this research, we present excerpts from therapeutic sessions narratives with a deaf client, interpreted in the light of Heidegger s hermeneutics. We consider that it is possible for the psychotherapist to listen to deaf people in phenomenological attitude. Such position, which does not naturalize and limit the humane, helps so that the clients do not feel responsible for their existence and can hermeneutically converse in their language. In this context, the psychologist must be qualified to conduct the treatment in Libras. We hope that this research can, somehow, fill the existing gap of the scientific production about such theme in the field of Psychology and, mainly, instigate discussion in the context of Psychology courses on the importance and need to qualify psychologists for the management of clinical practice with deaf people

The distribution of agglutinins and lytic activity against Trypanosoma rangeli and erythrocytes in Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans tissue extracts and haemolymph

Haemolymph, heads, salivary glands, crops, midguts, hindguts, and Malpighian tubules from Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans were extracted in phosphate or Tris buffer saline with calcium, and tested for agglutination and lytic activities by microtitration against both vertebrateerythrocytes and cultured epimatigote forms of Trypanosoma rangeli. Haemagglutination activity against rabbit erythrocytes was found in the crop, midgut and hindgut extracts of T. infestans but only in the haemolymph of R. prolixus. Higher titres of parasite agglutinins were found in R. prolixus haemolymph than T. infestans, whilst the converse occurred for the tissue extracts. In addition, the extracts of T. infestans salivary glands, but not those of R. prolixus, showed a trypanolytic activity that was heat-inactivated and was not abolished by pre-incubation with any of the sugars or glycoproteins tested. T. infestans, which is refractory to infection by T. rangeli, thus appears to contain a much wider distribution of agglutinating and trypanolytic factors in its tissues than the more susceptible species, R. prolixus

On the behaviour of zeros of Jacobi polynomials

Denote by x(n,k)(alpha, beta) and x(n,k) (lambda) = x(n,k) (lambda - 1/2, lambda - 1/2) the zeros, in decreasing order, of the Jacobi polynomial P-n((alpha, beta))(x) and of the ultraspherical (Gegenbauer) polynomial C-n(lambda)(x), respectively. The monotonicity of x(n,k)(alpha, beta) as functions of a and beta, alpha, beta > - 1, is investigated. Necessary conditions such that the zeros of P-n((a, b)) (x) are smaller (greater) than the zeros of P-n((alpha, beta))(x) are provided. A. Markov proved that x(n,k) (a, b) < x(n,k)(α, β) (x(n,k)(a, b) > x(n,k)(alpha, beta)) for every n is an element of N and each k, 1 less than or equal to k less than or equal to n if a > alpha and b < β (a < alpha and b > beta). We prove the converse statement of Markov's theorem. The question of how large the function could be such that the products f(n)(lambda) x(n,k)(lambda), k = 1,..., [n/2] are increasing functions of lambda, for lambda > - 1/2, is also discussed. Elbert and Siafarikas proved that f(n)(lambda) = (lambda + (2n(2) + 1)/ (4n + 2))(1/2) obeys this property. We establish the sharpness of their result. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. (USA).

Ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of bismuth titanate thin films grown on different bottom electrodes by soft chemical solution and microwave annealing

Bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12, BIT) films were evaluated for use as lead-free piezoelectric thin films in micro-electromechanical systems. The films were grown by the polymeric precursor method on LaNiO3/SiO2/Si (1 0 0) (LNO), RuO2/SiO2/Si (1 0 0) (RuO2) and Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si (1 0 0) (Pt) bottom electrodes in a microwave furnace at 700 degrees C for 10 min. The domain structure was investigated by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). Although the converse piezoelectric coefficient, d(33), regardless of bottom electrode is around (similar to 40 pm/V), those over RuO2 and LNO exhibit better ferroelectric properties, higher remanent polarization (15 and 10 mu C/cm(2)), lower drive voltages (2.6 and 1.3 V) and are fatigue-free. The experimental results demonstrated that the combination of the polymeric precursor method assisted with a microwave furnace is a promising technique to obtain films with good qualities for applications in ferroelectric and piezoelectric devices. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

New optimality conditions for nonsmooth control problems

This work considers nonsmooth optimal control problems and provides two new sufficient conditions of optimality. The first condition involves the Lagrange multipliers while the second does not. We show that under the first new condition all processes satisfying the Pontryagin Maximum Principle (called MP-processes) are optimal. Conversely, we prove that optimal control problems in which every MP-process is optimal necessarily obey our first optimality condition. The second condition is more natural, but it is only applicable to normal problems and the converse holds just for smooth problems. Nevertheless, it is proved that for the class of normal smooth optimal control problems the two conditions are equivalent. Some examples illustrating the features of these sufficient concepts are presented. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Avaliação do tempo e métodos de aquecimento de toras de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex-Maiden e sua influência no rendimento em laminação e na qualidade das lâminas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A característica de Euler

Pós-graduação em Matemática em Rede Nacional - IBILCE

Análise de estabilidade de sistemas dinâmicos descontínuos e aplicações

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

C-l-contact and C-l-right equivalences of real semi-quasihomogeneous C-l function germs

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

C^l-contact and C^l-right equivalences of real semi-quasihomogeneous C^l-function germs

In this paper we investigate the C ` versions of contact and right equivalences of real semi-quasihomogeneous C ` function germs, 1 ≤ ` ≤ ∞. The C ` -right equivalence implies C ` -contact equivalence for any 1 ≤ ` ≤ ∞ and in this work we show, up to certain conditions, that for semi-quasihomogeneous C ` function germs the converse is also true. As a consequence, we recover some known results about C∞-right and C∞-contact equivalences of C∞ function germs. We note that we are considering semi-quasihomogeneous function germs with no additional hypothesis of isolated singularity at zero.

Some Results in Stability Analysis of Hybrid Dynamical Systems

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Chains of Infinite Order, Chains with Memory of Variable Length, and Maps of the Interval

We show how to construct a topological Markov map of the interval whose invariant probability measure is the stationary law of a given stochastic chain of infinite order. In particular we characterize the maps corresponding to stochastic chains with memory of variable length. The problem treated here is the converse of the classical construction of the Gibbs formalism for Markov expanding maps of the interval.

Sexual selection in Pomatoschistus – nests, sperm competition, and paternal care

Sexual selection arises through variation in reproductive success. This thesis investigates different aspects important in sexual selection, namely nest building, sperm competition, paternity and paternal care, and their mutual interrelationships. In the studied species, the sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus) and the common goby (Pomatoschistus microps), sperm competition did arise when small males, so called sneakers, sneaked into other males nests and released sperm. They seemed to use female behaviour as their prime cue for a sneaking opportunity. However, also nest-holders, both with and without eggs, were found to fertilize eggs in the nests of other males. Clearly, nest-holding males tried to prevent other males from spreading their sperm in their nests, since they showed aggression towards such males. A nest building experiment indicated that the small nest-openings found in the sneaker male treatment were sexually selected through protection against sneaking or by female choice. Yet, no behavioural or genetical support for the hypothesis that the nest functions as a physical or visual defence, or that sneaker males prefer to sneak upon nests with wide nest-openings, were found in the other studies. Still, individual nest-holding males showed a higher mucus preparation effort inside the nest in the presence of a sneaker male than when alone. In close relatives, such mucus contains sperm, suggesting an importance in sperm competition. However, the mucus may also have pheromone and anti-bacterial functions and may constitute a mating effort, as found in other gobies. Both a behavioural and a mate choice experiment suggested that the males were not less eager to spawn in the presence of a sneaker male. Sneak intrusion did not affect nest defence, fanning or filial cannibalism, nor had paternity an effect on filial cannibalism. This and various life history aspects, together with the fact that the parasitic male only fertilized a fraction of the clutches, would predict females to ignore sneaker males. This was also the case, as the presence of sneaker males was found not to affect female spawning decision. Still, several females spawned in two nests, which coincided with parasitic spawnings, suggesting a cost of disturbance for the females and thus a substantial cost to the nest-holding males in terms of lost mating success. However, females paid attention to other traits in their choice of mate since spawning was associated with sand volume of the nest, but not with nest-opening width. Also, female (but not male) courtship was correlated with partial clutch filial cannibalism, indicating that females are able to anticipate future male cannibalism. In a partial correlation of nest opening, sand volume, male courtship display, displacement fanning and male size, a large number of traits were correlated both positively and negatively with regard to how we may expect them to be appreciated by females. For instance, males which fan well also build large nests or display intensely (but not both). Together with all the other results of this thesis, this shows the entangled selection pressures working on breeding animals, as well as the different male and female tactics employed to maximize their reproduction.

Generierung und Charakterisierung von in-vitro- und in- vivo-Modellsystemen zur Untersuchung des Skelettsystems

Die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von Knorpel- und Knochengewebe wird durch eine Vielzahl von hemmenden oder fördernden Faktoren hoch komplex reguliert, wobei die dabei involvierten physiologischen Prozesse bisher nur teilweise verstanden werden. Auch die Ursachen sowohl degenerativer Erkrankungen, aber auch durch Mutationen im FGFR3-Gen verursachter Chondrodysplasien sind in ihrer Ätiopathogenese noch nicht vollständig erforscht. In dieser Arbeit wurden verschiedene experimentelle Ansätze verfolgt, die zur weiteren Aufklärung der Pathophysiologie zweier unterschiedlicher Skeletterkrankungen beitragen sollten.rnEin relevantes Charakteristikum der degenerativen Gelenkserkrankung Osteoarthrose ist der Verlust an Aggrekan, hauptverantwortlich verursacht durch die Aggrekanase ADAMTS5. Es wurde ein Tiermodell generiert, bei dem gezielt mittels des Tet-ON-Systems die Aggrekanase mAdamts-5 überexprimiert werden kann. Nach Konstruktherstellung und Generierung als auch Charakterisierung des in vitro-Modells wurde das Tiermodell hergestellt, um die Folgen der Überexpression im Hinblick auf einen verstärkten Aggrekanabbau im Knorpel der Mäuse zu analysieren. Nach initialer Charakterisierung auf Induzierbarkeit zeigte eine Gründerlinie eine induzierbare transgene mAdamts5-Expression. Die Überprüfung auf Knorpelspezifität zeigte, sowohl embryonal als auch im adulten Tier, dass sich der verwendete, zusammengesetzte Kollagen-Typ II Promotor wie der endogene verhielt und somit funktional war. Nach Doxyzyklininduktion wurde bei der optimalen Dosis von 1 mg/ml im Vergleich zum induzierten Wildtyp-Tier eine 15%ige Abnahme des Gesamt-Glykosamino-glykan(GAG)-Gehaltes und eine um 120% erhöhte GAG-Abgabe ins Medium detektiert, was eine verstärkte Spaltung von Aggrekan bedeutete. Die transgene Aggrekanase wurde überexprimiert und spaltete verstärkt Aggrekan. Da aufgrund der histologischen Untersuchungen jedoch keine Knorpelerosionen feststellbar waren, konnte im Umkehrschluss gefolgert werden, dass der Knorpel einen Verlust an Glykosaminoglykanen bis zu einer gewissen Grenze tolerieren kann. Mit dem generierten und charakterisierten Tiermodell konnte mit dem Verlust an GAG eine Osteoarthrose-ähnliche Situation simuliert werden, insbesondere im Hinblick auf frühe Stadien der Erkrankung, bei denen noch keine makroskopisch eindeutig sichtbare Knorpelerosionen vorliegen. rnIm zweiten Teil der Arbeit wurden Zellkulturexperimente zur weiteren Aufklärung FGFR3-regulierter Prozesse durchgeführt. Nach Generierung und Verifizierung der stabilen Zelllinien, die mittels des Tet-ON-Systems das FGFR3-Gen mit jeweils einer Chondrodysplasie-assoziierten Mutation (Achondroplasie-Mutation G380R, Thanatophore Dysplasie Typ II-Mutation K650E) induzierbar überexprimieren, wurden die Auswirkungen der zwei verschiedenen Mutationen anhand bereits beschriebener Signalwege untersucht. Über die Rekrutierung des ERK-Signalweges konnte bei beiden Zelllinien die Funktionalität nachgewiesen werden, wobei die Zelllinie mit der einen schwereren Phänotyp beim Menschen verursachenden TDII-Mutation eine stärkere Aktivierung zeigte. Bei der Aktivierung von STAT1 wies nur die TDII-Zelllinie eine Phosphorylierung auf, nicht jedoch die ACH-Zelllinie; dies deckte sich mit bereits publizierten Untersuchungen. Beide Kaskaden zeigten eine unterschiedliche Signalantwort aufgrund der verschiedenen Mutationen. Des Weiteren konnte eine unterschiedliche MMP13-Zielgenexpression nachgewiesen werden, wobei lediglich die ACH-Zelllinie eine erhöhte MMP13-Expression (6-fach) zeigte. Zur Identifizierung neuer involvierter FGFR3-Zielgene wurde die differentielle Genexpression der TDII-Zelllinie im Vergleich induziert/nicht induziert mittels Microarray-Hybridisierung untersucht. Als interessantes Zielgen fiel STC1 auf, welches ebenfalls eine Rolle in der Chondrogenese spielt und bislang nicht mit FGFR3 in Verbindung gebracht wurde. Es konnte jedoch nur auf RNA-Ebene eine Regulation nachgewiesen werden. Nachfolgend durchgeführte transiente Experimente zeigten, dass die Wildtyp-Variante von FGFR3 möglicherweise eine Funktion in der Sekretion des Proteins STC1 hat und dass durch die beiden eingefügten Mutationen (ACH, TDII) diese aufgehoben ist. Der Einfluss von FGFR3 auf die Sekretion von STC1 stellt ein neues Ergebnis dar, insbesondere auch die Auswirkungen der beiden für die unterschiedlichen Krankheitsbilder stehenden Mutationen. Welche Relevanz allerdings die STC1-Sekretion im Rahmen FGFR3-assoziierter Erkrankungen hat, kann nicht eindeutig beurteilt werden. Weitere Faktoren aus dem hoch komplexen Zusammenspiel während der Knorpel/Knochenentwicklung müssen untersucht werden, um eine definitive Einordnung zu ermöglichen.