991 resultados para Cidades médias


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Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

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Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The hegemonic version of democracy is based on Schumpeter’s approach, a legacy of liberal pluralism that reduces the formation of legitimate majorities through representation. Nevertheless, the democratization of authoritarian countries has provided innovative experiences of civil society in new participatory formats. At the institutional level, the Statute of the City regulated the chapter of the Urban Policy of the Federal Constitution of 1988. It advocates participatory formats of public policies in urban management “through public participation and representative associations”. The construction of this agenda is the result of institutional imposition and it reflects the government decisions and civil society demands. This paper analyzes the participation, its ability to share decisions, and to what extent these participatory formats depend on governments for the implementation of new paradigms of urban management. The approach combines theoretical and empirical analysis of development processes of Master Plans normatively guided by the City Statute. The empirical basis is formed by three medium-sized cities in Sao Paulo state: Piracicaba, Bauru and Rio Claro.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Brazil is undergoing a period of epidemiological transition associated with demographic and nutritional changes. The prevalence of obesity is also increasing in children and is causing numerous health problems that are becoming public health issues. The aim here was to evaluate the prevalence of overweight among children of two and three years of age. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in municipal day care centers in Taubate, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Weight and height measurements were made on 447 preschool children forming a probabilistic randomized sample. Their body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Their nutritional status was classified using the World Health Organization reference cutoff points (2006). Their mean weight, height and BMI were compared according to their age and sex. RESULTS: The mean values for the final sample (n = 447) were as follows: mean age: 38.6 months (+/- 3.5) and Z scores for: weight/height (W/H): 0.50 (+/- 1.22); height/age: -0.03 (+/- 1.07); weight/age (W/A): 0.51 (+/- 1.23); and BMI: 0.51(+/- 1.23). The prevalence of overweight children (BMI > 1 z) was 28.86%, while the prevalence of underweight children (BMI < -2 z) was 0.89%. There were no differences in mean BMI among the two and three-year age groups (P = 0.66). CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of overweight was observed in the sample of two and three-year-old children, with practically no malnutrition, thus showing that a significant nutritional transition may already be occurring, even in medium-sized cities of developing countries.

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The average cities inserted in the areas of the Brazilian Cerrado are restructuring in the rural and urban areas in recent decades as a result of agricultural investments. Representative of this process, we chose Rio Verde due to two processes: to develop socioeconomically depending on agricultural production restructuring Cerrado after 1970 and offer average city features regional centrality and intra-urban contradictions. So we have as the problem situation the fact of Rio Verde be inserted in an agricultural region, where the restructured field creates cooperation with the agricultural industry and the tertiary sector, structuring a regional agribusiness success. However, let us doubts about the effects of the restructuring process in socio-economic and environmental terms, in relation to the field and the city. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to contribute to the discussion about the medium- sized Cerrado cities whose functions are linked to agribusiness, and understand the logic and the effects of the restructuring process in rural and urban areas, having Rio Verde – GO as the reference for studying. Regarding the methodological practice research, it is a qualitative research, developed based on three pillars: theoretical, documentary and field. We conclude the thesis stating that the modern field, the result of agricultural production restructuring, fomented an economy specialized in agribusiness, which led to the enrichment of the field, the formation of agro-industrial complex and the formation of an average city, specializing in agribusiness, whose centrality exceeds its micro-region. In terms of effects, we conclude that process agricultural production restructuring, generated positive impacts for the insertion of Savannahs in the national economy, and to the cities inserted in the modern field. On the other hand, country and city inserted in agricultural regions, masked under the agribusiness speech, perverse effects of socioeconomic and environmental order, is an inviting system to invest and exclusionary, when there is nothing to offer. Thus, the problems are choked on site, leaving only the speech of wealth to be disclosed in the national order.

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This study aims at solidifying the theoretical bases to provide, above all, an explanation for this phenomenon which currently happens, with a scenario of social, political, economic and cultural transformations worldwide in medium cities. Nevertheless, because it has different dimensions from its transformation axes, gentrification comes with change, but also with the introduction of a new purpose in the space using and occupation, outlining in this context the identity of places from the formation of centralities with the presence of flows with social and economic dynamicsThe current forms of geographic space appropriation show the directions of the senses and ideological profile which recreates the meanings and uses of content and materials from descriptions of a historical past. However, today there is an economic context in the urban space which refers to a search of strategies for change, i.e., the acquisition of parameter aimed at meeting the demands of the relationship between capital and labor, which ends up overriding some actions for the specification of the transformation methods within the urban space to be explained by new needs and also by the agents from the value adding to their interests and investments. Thus, we assume that the appreciation/gentrification of urban spaces may or may not result from the building of a public space, since the dialogic structure as a place of political interaction externalize conflicts and disagreements in general; it keeps segregating spaces. As new spaces are transformed, the access to them tends to happen with particular restriction, whereas some places like parks, shopping malls, high-rise and horizontal condos are the scene for major professional and family events. In this context, the gentrification process is used to designate interventions in the urban environment, in certain city spaces which are considered central to public and private investments. A historical place is permitted to be presented as a scenario, a stage full of attractions, through the transformation process. Studying gentrification consists of an analysis of the underlying interests in the transformation of these areas, and especially of the assessment of the interest level in the private sector to partner in order to modify the landscape. Gentrification results from the transformation processes of capital, which influences the efforts and investments application in order to establish and achieve optimal economic growth, focusing on a location socio-culturally centered in the urban space. Thus, the urban social structure develops in the light of some questions that relate not only the cities growth but also environmental conditions it provides in cities like Mossoro, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil 2005 a 2011.

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This study aims at solidifying the theoretical bases to provide, above all, an explanation for this phenomenon which currently happens, with a scenario of social, political, economic and cultural transformations worldwide in medium cities. Nevertheless, because it has different dimensions from its transformation axes, gentrification comes with change, but also with the introduction of a new purpose in the space using and occupation, outlining in this context the identity of places from the formation of centralities with the presence of flows with social and economic dynamicsThe current forms of geographic space appropriation show the directions of the senses and ideological profile which recreates the meanings and uses of content and materials from descriptions of a historical past. However, today there is an economic context in the urban space which refers to a search of strategies for change, i.e., the acquisition of parameter aimed at meeting the demands of the relationship between capital and labor, which ends up overriding some actions for the specification of the transformation methods within the urban space to be explained by new needs and also by the agents from the value adding to their interests and investments. Thus, we assume that the appreciation/gentrification of urban spaces may or may not result from the building of a public space, since the dialogic structure as a place of political interaction externalize conflicts and disagreements in general; it keeps segregating spaces. As new spaces are transformed, the access to them tends to happen with particular restriction, whereas some places like parks, shopping malls, high-rise and horizontal condos are the scene for major professional and family events. In this context, the gentrification process is used to designate interventions in the urban environment, in certain city spaces which are considered central to public and private investments. A historical place is permitted to be presented as a scenario, a stage full of attractions, through the transformation process. Studying gentrification consists of an analysis of the underlying interests in the transformation of these areas, and especially of the assessment of the interest level in the private sector to partner in order to modify the landscape. Gentrification results from the transformation processes of capital, which influences the efforts and investments application in order to establish and achieve optimal economic growth, focusing on a location socio-culturally centered in the urban space. Thus, the urban social structure develops in the light of some questions that relate not only the cities growth but also environmental conditions it provides in cities like Mossoro, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil 2005 a 2011.

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As modificações sócio-espaciais em cidades médias e os impactos urbanos proporcionados a partir da implantação de Grandes Projetos Urbanos – GPU´s são o eixo de discussão deste artigo. Para análise, apresenta-se o estudo de caso da cidade de Juiz de Fora – Minas Gerais – onde as principais intervenções urbanas, caracterizada pela maneira de planejar da era globalizada, pautados na gestão competitiva, nos projetos grandiosos e nas representações de ações estruturantes. Em análise preliminar, percebe-se que este modelo vêm exacerbando diferenças sócio-espaciais, estabelecendo relações de segregação, favorecendo a perda de identidade local (de moradores localizados próximos aos empreendimentos) e gerando supervalorização imobiliária. Na análise deste trabalho, destaca-se a região centro-sul da cidade que, representada principalmente pelos bairros Dom Bosco e Cascatinha, transparecem conflitos sócio-espaciais estabelecidos entre áreas com padrões sócio-econômicos distintos e que este fato, vem sendo agravado pela instalação de alguns empreendimentos imobiliários na região. Para melhor compreensão desta dinâmica, torna-se relevante traçar todo o histórico de ocupação dos bairros em questão, investigar atores envolvidos no processo e as características e funções que estes GPU´s desempenham, para assim, entender a produção do espaço que se desencadeia na cidade.

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O espaço urbano é um meio dinâmico que está sempre em constante modificação, se adaptando e criando formas afim de servir as necessidades humanas, e um claro exemplo disso é o processo de descentralização. Os processos de descentralização tem sido alvo de estudo da Geografia Urbana à algum tempo, sendo observados em cidades médias e grandes está sendo estudado na cidade de Viçosa – MG, aonde o processo ocorre na forma de um eixo comercial especializado em prestação de serviços e vendas voltados a atender veículos automotores. Nesse trabalho como objetivos compreender a gênese do processo de criação da nova centralidade e discutir isso no contexto da rede urbana e do espaço intra urbano. Apesar ter se procurado explicar o processo de formação do eixo de outras formas, pode-se notar que a descentralização ocorre em função de fatores externos ao crescimento natural da cidade em seus diversos aspectos e que o automóvel protagoniza o processo atuando de diversas formas e a formação do eixo comercial sem dúvida é um exemplo disso.

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O crescimento urbano das metrópoles, bem como das cidades médias, refletem graves problemas sociais, sobretudo, para a população de baixa renda. Sendo assim, a presente pesquisa promoveu um estudo da expansão urbana do município de Uberlândia com enfoque na compreensão da dinâmica de desenvolvimento urbano estabelecido na zona Sul da cidade, em função da intensa diferenciação socioeconômica que constitui a referida região. Neste sentido, foi imprescindível realizar a caracterização do surgimento e evolução de desenvolvimento urbano da zona Sul, analisando a presença do processo contraditório de desigualdade social instaurado na região, visando identificar na cidade os problemas oriundos deste processo. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados na pesquisa compreenderam-se em pesquisa bibliográfica, trabalhos de campo, os quais adquirem fundamental importância na averiguação empírica das questões apresentadas nos objetivos, visto que as idas a campo são viabilizadas pelo seu caráter prático ao local de estudo e facilita a compreensão da realidade por meio da aquisição de material fotográfico, bem como análise das informações coletadas e redação final do artigo. Além disso, a utilização de mapas e fotografias aéreas também pode viabilizar a compreensão do trabalho, pois, permite a representação efetiva da realidade, a fim de clarear e simplificar o conteúdo apresentado na pesquisa.

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Este trabalho analisa a dinâmica espacial existente entre a cidade média de Montes Claros e os centros emergentes de Pirapora, Janaúba e Januária. Tal análise se desenvolverá a partir de suas articulações em rede e de suas formas de produção do espaço urbano num contexto regional.  Para isso, foram examinados os fluxos realizados por meio de serviços de saúde e educação realizados entre os quatros principais e mais dinâmicos núcleos urbanos da região Norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Metodologicamente, o artigo se estrutura a partir pesquisas com dados estatísticos secundários referentes aos quatro municípios, viabilizadas em investigações realizadas nas prefeituras, pesquisa em bases dados eletrônicas do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE, Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento - PNUD, Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas Aplicadas – IPEA, Fundação João Pinheiro – FJP, Departamento Estadual de Estradas e Rodagem – DER/MG. A pesquisa pesquisas bibliográfica versou sobre as temáticas cidades médias (Costa, 2005; Amorim Filho, 2001; Spósito, Soares (2009) redes urbanas (Rochefort, 1998; Santos, 2008; Dias, 2002) espaços intra e interurbano e fluxos (Spósito, 2001; Whitacker, 2007; Miyazaki, 2008), levantamento de dados; mapeamento e/ou representação de dados por meio de gráficos e tabelas.