Energia fotovoltaica em edifício unifamiliar – análise custo benefício

Com o crescimento populacional tem-se verificado um aumento exagerado no consumo energético global, no qual Portugal é também um exemplo. O recurso à utilização de combustíveis fósseis como fonte para satisfazer as necessidades adicionais de energia, tem vindo a contribuir para uma aceleração do fenómeno das alterações climáticas, que promovem efeitos negativos sobre o planeta, onde uma das suas mais sentidas consequências é o aquecimento global. O sector dos edifícios, desde a construção à utilização, apresenta um elevado consumo de energia final, do qual metade corresponde ao sub-sector residencial. Este facto torna importante que se equacionem alternativas, e que sejam adoptadas medidas que possam contribuir para alcançar uma melhoria da eficiência e do desempenho energético dos edifícios. Os edifícios habitacionais, por terem o seu desempenho energético na fase de utilização muito dependente do comportamento dos utilizadores, são aqueles que maior consumo energético apresentam. Neste contexto, torna-se importante que sejam desenvolvidas iniciativas que visem melhorar o seu desempenho e que possam ver adoptadas medidas de reabilitação energéticas de modo passivo e activo. A procura por um balanço próximo do zero, entre necessidade de consumo, e potencial de produção local de energia, permite que se possam adoptar soluções alternativas de produção de energia, focadas em fontes renováveis. Contudo, é importante que as medidas a implementar, tanto nos novos como nos edifícios já existentes, tenham sempre como principal finalidade a melhoria das condições de conforto no seu interior e um elevado nível de desempenho energético. A introdução de soluções passíveis de reforço de isolamento, devem decorrer da introdução de soluções que podem ter auxílio na ferramenta da certificação energética como suporte. Porém, as soluções de complemento para o equilíbrio do balanço entre consumo e produção podem ser auxiliadas pela introdução de sistemas activos de produção de energia, impondo-se, no entanto, que ocorra um claro benefício económico da análise custo-benefício dos investimentos associados. A presente investigação procura, estudar o nível do contributo que pode resultar da introdução de um sistema solar fotovoltaico, num edifício de habitação unifamiliar e determinar o correspondente resultado para o equilíbrio do seu desempenho energético e nível de eficiência energética.

Extração e Representação de Conhecimento de Séries Temporais de Demanda de Energia Elétrica Usando TSKR

The opening of the Brazilian market of electricity and competitiveness between companies in the energy sector make the search for useful information and tools that will assist in decision making activities, increase by the concessionaires. An important source of knowledge for these utilities is the time series of energy demand. The identification of behavior patterns and description of events become important for the planning execution, seeking improvements in service quality and financial benefits. This dissertation presents a methodology based on mining and representation tools of time series, in order to extract knowledge that relate series of electricity demand in various substations connected of a electric utility. The method exploits the relationship of duration, coincidence and partial order of events in multi-dimensionals time series. To represent the knowledge is used the language proposed by Mörchen (2005) called Time Series Knowledge Representation (TSKR). We conducted a case study using time series of energy demand of 8 substations interconnected by a ring system, which feeds the metropolitan area of Goiânia-GO, provided by CELG (Companhia Energética de Goiás), responsible for the service of power distribution in the state of Goiás (Brazil). Using the proposed methodology were extracted three levels of knowledge that describe the behavior of the system studied, representing clearly the system dynamics, becoming a tool to assist planning activities

Impacto do racionamento nos resultados das empresas concessionárias do serviço público de distribuição de energia elétrica: um estudo nas empresas privadas da Região Nordeste

This work verifies the impact caused by the Emergencial Program of Reduction of Consumption of Electric Energy (energy-rationing program) in the results of the concessionary private companies of the public service of electric energy distribution localized in the Northeast Area. As the rationing invigorated from June 2001 to February 2002, its effects are diluted in the results presented by these companies in the second semester of 2001 and first quarter of 2002, with prominence for the last quarter of 2001, when the revenue of extraordinary tariff restore was instituted by the National Agency of Electric Energy (ANEEL), consequence of the so-called General Agreement of the Electric Sector made between the federal government and the companies of the electric sector. The structure of a generic electric sector and a historical review of the Brazilian electric sector from the time it was controlled by the private enterprises, including the State control period, about 1960, and returning to the control of the private enterprises in 1990, under a new regulation structure are presented. An explanation of the models of economic regulation that Brazil used for the electric sector is made, with prominence for the price cap that is the actual effective model. The process of tariff revision foreseen in the concession contracts signed by the federal government and the concessionary companies is presented, highlighting its two stages: the tariff rebalancing that defines the new price cap and the calculation of the factor X that establishes the efficiency goals for the companies. There is made a presentation of the Emergencial Program of Reduction of Consumption of Electric Energy and of the consequent General Agreement of the Electric Sector, which created the revenue of extraordinary tariff restore. A conceptual revision on reviews is presented, regarding to concepts, accomplishment and recognition. A brief review of the six companies that made part of the worked sample is also presented. Analyzing the quarters historical review and of amount of sold energy, it was possible to conclude that the energy-rationing altered the results of the studied companies significantly and that alteration was masked by the accounting process of the revenue of extraordinary tariff restore

Consumo e custo de energia elétrica na cultura de citros irrigado por gotejamento e microaspersão, com três lâminas de água

The objective of this work was to analyze the consumption, electric energy cost, and economic results of irrigated citrus (Citrus sinensis). The treatments consisted of a dripping irrigation system with one and two lateral distribution lines, a micro sprinkler irrigation system and a treatment without irrigation. For each irrigation system, three water depths were used: 100%, 75% and 50% of Etc (citrus evapotranspiration). The electric energy cost for two tariff groups, Group A and Group B, was studied. For Group A, the expenses with energy were determined for the Conventional Binomial Structure tariff, the Hour-seasonal tariff (green and blue) and the special tariff for nocturnal irrigation. The kWh cost for the tariff systems were obtained from the website of CPFL (São Paulo State Power and Light Company, Brazil). The best relation between the electric energy consumption (kWh.ha -1) and productivity (t.ha -1) occurred in the treatment irrigated with 50% of the Etc. The irrigated treatments increased productivity. The biggest productivity was observed in the irrigation treatments with 50% of the Etc when compared to the ones with 100% of the Etc. The blue and green Hour-seasonal tariff system of Group A (nocturnal irrigation) was the best option. A biggest economic turnover occurred in the treatments irrigated with 50% of the Etc.

Demanda de bienes de capital del sector de distribución de energía eléctrica: metodología general y aplicación al caso de Chile

Incluye Bibliografía

Notas sobre la oferta y demanda de maquinaria y equipo para el sector de energía eléctrica en América Latina

Contiene informacion sobre: la demanda de equipos del sector energia electrica en America Latina; la oferta de maquinaria y equipo, y el significado industrial de los programas del sector electrico en el periodo 1980-1990.

Consumo e custo de energia elétrica em cultura do feijoeiro irrigado por pivô central, sob dois manejos de irrigação, em plantio direto e convencional

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Istmo Centroamericano: estimación de posibilidades de ahorro en el sector transporte al sustituir derivados del petróleo por otros energéticos

Incluye Bibliografía

Gerenciador de consumo e demanda de energia elétrica em baixa tensão

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Consumo e custo de energia elétrica em feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) irrigado, afetado por quatro métodos de manejo de irrigação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Consumo e custo de energia elétrica na cultura de citros irrigada por gotejamento e microaspersão, com três lâminas de água

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cogeração de energia com motores de combustão interna

The tertiary sector is largely responsible for the growth of electricity consumption in Brazil. The large commercial and public buildings, hypermarkets and shopping centers stand out as major consumers of electricity for lighting, power and thermal energy. Brazil presents significant potential for the deployment of small cogeneration plants, especially in the tertiary sector. Allied to this, the possibility of natural gas supply and the growing demands in favor of maintaining and preserving the environment favor the implementation of cogeneration plants. In this context, this paper presents a technical and economic analysis of installing a cogeneration plant using internal combustion engine with natural gas in a mall

Estudo sobre fornos de tratamento térmico e propostas de cogeração de energia em usina siderurgica não integrada

Steel industry is a sector heavily dependent on energy, both electrical and thermal. Since the receipt of raw materials to the shipment of finished products to customers, through mergers, casting, rolling, heat treatment, inspection, among others, high amounts of energy are demanded, generating very significant costs to the productive chain in its entirety . Therefore, any alternative that favors the reduction in energy consumption or barateie the cost of this is very welcome. Within this context, this paper aims to make a technical and economic analysis of installing a cogeneration plant in the field rolling in a non-integrated steel mill. Two configurations are proposed plants, with one being the use of heat from waste gases from furnaces existing in the area mentioned and another with the use of heat from waste gases from an internal combustion engine. Both proposals are evaluated technically and later is done the economic analysis, calculating the financial return (pay back) in relation to the investment required, operation and maintenance of the plant

Utilização de procedimentos multivariados no consumo de água e energia elétrica em habitações sociais com sistema de aquecimento solar

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Metano entérico e consumo de ovinos em sistema silvipastoril com diferentes espaçamentos arbóreos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)