870 resultados para Brazil, Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, energy requirements for cooling, improving performance buiding, EnergyPlus


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En 2003, le gouvernement brésilien (gestion Lula) a initié une nouvelle phase dans son histoire de l habitation, en intensifiant les constructions de logements sociaux au Brésil. Un tel accroissement a eut des répercussions tant en ville comme à la campagne, et fût marqué dans le Rio Grande do Norte, par la production a grande échelle d ensembles d habitations, dans les programmes de Gouvernement. Afin de viabiliser ces transformations, des instruments politiques, financiers et de gestion ont étés articulés conjointement, utilisant la répétition d une typologie d édification, comme modèle, accompagnée de la reproduction d une morphologie dans les constructions de logements sociaux. Afin de comprendre ce processus nous introduisons une recherche urbanistique et socio-économique du problème du logement social au Brésil, en cherchant à mettre en relation les aspects techniques avec les questions historique, professionnelles et culturelles, éléments complémentaires. Notre analyse cherche a identifier comment les politiques de gestion et financement officielles (administrées dans sa grande majorité par la Caisse Économique Fédérale -CEF-), influencent le processus de conception de projets, en provoquant les répétitions de type/morphologiques, déjà citées. Basée sur l observation directe au cour de deux expériences différenciées pour du logement social en milieu rural, au Rio Grande do Norte, nous montrerons aussi certaines limitations et possibilités des acteurs sociaux, face aux agents et politiques officielles pour le logement social au Brésil, proposant des solutions alternatives standardisées qui caractérisent le résultat des projets financées et gérés par la CEF. Nos principales références théoriques et méthodologiques sont Nabil Bonduki (1998), David Harvey (2009,1982), Henry Lefèbvre (1970), Ermínia Maricato (2010, 2009, 2000, 1987) et Raquel Rolnik (2010, 2009, 2008, 1997)

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In this paper, based on the temporal and spatial locality characteristics of memory accesses in multicores, we propose a re-organization of the existing single large row buffer in a DRAM bank into multiple smaller row-buffers. The proposed configuration helps improve the row hit rates and also brings down the energy required for row-activations. The major contribution of this work is proposing such a reorganization without requiring any significant changes to the existing widely accepted DRAM specifications. Our proposed reorganization improves performance by 35.8%, 14.5% and 21.6% in quad, eight and sixteen core workloads along with a 42%, 28% and 31% reduction in DRAM energy. Additionally, we introduce a Need Based Allocation scheme for buffer management that shows additional performance improvement.

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The quasicontinuum (QC) method was introduced to coarse-grain crystalline atomic ensembles in order to bridge the scales from individual atoms to the micro- and mesoscales. Though many QC formulations have been proposed with varying characteristics and capabilities, a crucial cornerstone of all QC techniques is the concept of summation rules, which attempt to efficiently approximate the total Hamiltonian of a crystalline atomic ensemble by a weighted sum over a small subset of atoms. In this work we propose a novel, fully-nonlocal, energy-based formulation of the QC method with support for legacy and new summation rules through a general energy-sampling scheme. Our formulation does not conceptually differentiate between atomistic and coarse-grained regions and thus allows for seamless bridging without domain-coupling interfaces. Within this structure, we introduce a new class of summation rules which leverage the affine kinematics of this QC formulation to most accurately integrate thermodynamic quantities of interest. By comparing this new class of summation rules to commonly-employed rules through analysis of energy and spurious force errors, we find that the new rules produce no residual or spurious force artifacts in the large-element limit under arbitrary affine deformation, while allowing us to seamlessly bridge to full atomistics. We verify that the new summation rules exhibit significantly smaller force artifacts and energy approximation errors than all comparable previous summation rules through a comprehensive suite of examples with spatially non-uniform QC discretizations in two and three dimensions. Due to the unique structure of these summation rules, we also use the new formulation to study scenarios with large regions of free surface, a class of problems previously out of reach of the QC method. Lastly, we present the key components of a high-performance, distributed-memory realization of the new method, including a novel algorithm for supporting unparalleled levels of deformation. Overall, this new formulation and implementation allows us to efficiently perform simulations containing an unprecedented number of degrees of freedom with low approximation error.

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O objetivo do presente estudo foi testar a validade de equações de predição de exigências energéticas para frangas de postura, as quais foram determinadas em estudos anteriores realizados na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da UNESP- Jaboticabal. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e seis repetições compostas por 18 aves no período de 3 a 8 semanas, 15 aves de 9 a 12 semanas e 12 aves de 13 a 18 semanas de idade. Os tratamentos consistiram em comparar três diferentes formas de se alimentar as aves: alimentação à vontade, alimentação de acordo com as recomendações para a linhagem e alimentação de acordo com as equações de predição das exigências de energia metabolizável (EM). Os tratamentos foram avaliados por intermédio do desempenho das aves durante o período de crescimento e na fase de produção. No período de 3 a 8 semanas de idade, as aves alimentadas de acordo com as equações de predição de em apresentaram menor consumo de ração e de energia, o que determinou menor peso corporal e uniformidade insatisfatória. em função dos resultados da fase de 3 a 8 semanas de idade, foi adotada uma correção na equação de predição das exigências de em para as fases seguintes, acrescentando-se uma porcentagem de 37% sobre as exigências de em para mantença, valor relativo às atividades das aves. Às 18 semanas de idade, a ingestão de em foi maior para o tratamento à vontade, sendo que as aves de todos os tratamentos apresentaram peso corporal superior ao proposto pelo manual e boa uniformidade. O experimento teve continuidade durante a fase de produção, sendo que os tratamentos aplicados na fase de crescimento não afetaram o desempenho produtivo das aves.

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Pigs are quite sensitive to high environmental temperatures and the thermoregulation mechanisms represent great expenses in energy for heating loss, reducing animal well-being and production performance, and altering carcass quality. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of sex and dietary energy level in growing-finishing pigs submitted to characteristic seasonal variation of temperature in subtropical humid climate, and to propose a mathematical model to predict growth performance and carcass characteristics. Twenty-eight crossbred growing-finishing pigs were randomly allotted to twelve treatments, in a 2x2x3 factorial trial (2 sex; 2 environmental conditions, and 3 energy levels). Heat stress condition (climatic chamber) showed temperatures of 31 oC at 7:00 and 22 oC at 17:00 (maximum of 33 °C) and thermal comfort condition (stall) showed temperatures of 18 °C at 7:00 and 24 °C (maximum of 27 °C). Pigs were fed ad libitum with diets containing 12.2 (low), 13.6 (medium) and 15.0 (high) MJ ME/ kg DM. Voluntary feed intake, daily weight gain, and final body weight were higher (P<0.01) at thermal comfort condition and were influenced by sex (P<0.01) in growing pigs. Feed to gain ratio decreased as the energy level increased (P<0.01), with values of 2.67, 2.59, and 2.32 (12.2, 13.6, and 15.0 MJ ME/kg DM, respectively). There was energy level and sex interaction only for daily weight gain. Regarding finishing pigs, environmental conditions also showed effects (P<0.01) on voluntary feed intake, daily weight gain, and final body weight. Performance of pigs was better at thermal comfort condition. Feed to gain ratio values were 3.55, 3.42, and 2.95 for low, medium, and high energy level, respectively. Interactions between energy level and sex were observed for voluntary feed intake, daily weight gain, and final body weight (P<0.05). Carcass yield and quality were affected by environmental condition and dietary energy level. Both hot and cold carcass weight increased as energy of ration increased. Cold carcass weight increased by 1.142 kg/MJ EM whereas backfat thickness was up to 252 mm/MJ EM. Longissimus thoracis muscle thickness was around 16 mm smaller in pigs under heat stress, but lean content was 2.68% higher in those animals. Regression equations were proposed to predict the performance values in the different situations studied.

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The demands in production and associate costs at power generation through non renewable resources are increasing at an alarming rate. Solar energy is one of the renewable resource that has the potential to minimize this increase. Utilization of solar energy have been concentrated mainly on heating application. The use of solar energy in cooling systems in building would benefit greatly achieving the goal of non-renewable energy minimization. The approaches of solar energy heating system research done by initiation such as University of Wisconsin at Madison and building heat flow model research conducted by Oklahoma State University can be used to develop and optimize solar cooling building system. The research uses two approaches to develop a Graphical User Interface (GUI) software for an integrated solar absorption cooling building model, which is capable of simulating and optimizing the absorption cooling system using solar energy as the main energy source to drive the cycle. The software was then put through a number of litmus test to verify its integrity. The litmus test was conducted on various building cooling system data sets of similar applications around the world. The output obtained from the software developed were identical with established experimental results from the data sets used. Software developed by other research are catered for advanced users. The software developed by this research is not only reliable in its code integrity but also through its integrated approach which is catered for new entry users. Hence, this dissertation aims to correctly model a complete building with the absorption cooling system in appropriate climate as a cost effective alternative to conventional vapor compression system.

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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, 2015.

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Apenas cinqüenta metros separam os ricos dos pobres na comunidade do Badu, em Pendotiba, região Oceânica do município de Niterói. Para ser mais precisa, há somente uma estrada que divide duas realidades tão distintas: do lado direito uma comunidade pobre e do lado esquerdo vários condomínios de classe média alta.Ou seja, de um lado, luz elétrica fornecida pela empresa de energia do município, água limpa e abundante, esgoto tratado e coleta regular de lixo. E, do outro lado da linha imaginária (mas muito real) encontra-se uma população usando ligações clandestinas de energia, utilizando água de origem duvidosa para tomar banho, cozinhar, lavar roupa e convivendo com o lixo próximo às suas casas.Tais diferenças fizeram com que surgisse o desejo de conhecer melhor este universo tão peculiar em que dois mundos conviviam de maneira tão alheia um ao outro. A perspectiva metodológica do presente trabalho teve por objetivo buscar apreender e descrever como os beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família entendem o benefício e como se sentem como escolhidos do programa a partir de entrevistas realizadas com os mesmos. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que apesar de pesquisas revelarem uma evidente melhora nas condições gerais de vida dos beneficiários, alguns aspectos concernentes à percepção dos beneficiários sobre o programa, sobre o impacto em suas vidas e a visão que têm de si mesmos não haviam sido contempladas por estas pesquisas a exceção do estudo do IBASE (2008) o qual o roteiro pauta o presente trabalho. Por isso, a necessidade de realização de uma pesquisa em que o principal instrumento de análise é as falas dos entrevistados é de fundamental importância para esclarecer e trazer à luz vários aspectos ignorados por estudos de caráter fortemente quantitativo.Nas entrevistas realizadas para a pesquisa de campo consegui traçar as linhas que identificam o rosto das beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família moradoras da comunidade do Badu. Elas são mulheres em sua maioria solteiras, com em média dois filhos, que são criados por elas sem a ajuda do pai. Estão desempregadas e vivem exclusivamente do recurso que recebem do programa. Este dinheiro é usado para cobrir todas as despesas da casa, tais como: alimentação, vestuário, remédios e material escolar. Todas elas sonham em conseguir um emprego para deixarem de depender do benefício do programa e sonham com um futuro melhor para seus filhos. Após realizar a análise da pesquisa de campo do presente estudo e de algumas pesquisas relacionadas ao impacto do Programa Bolsa Família na vida de seus beneficiários, pode-se afirmar que os programas sociais que têm sido implementados pelo Governo Federal ainda não dão conta da heterogeneidade de necessidades e demandas de sua população-alvo. Portanto, considero que este é o momento que a pesquisa acadêmica deve entrar em uma nova era no campo da avaliação de programas sociais, sobretudo o das Políticas de Transferência Condicionada de Renda que, por conta da sua continuidade, alocam um volume de recursos cada vez maior e podem até mesmo eleger políticos que a utilizam como forma de barganha.

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A Santa Casa de Angra dos Reis é uma Instituição Filantrópica inaugurada em 06 de janeiro de 1839. A Unidade passa por Intervenção Municipal, recomendada pelo Ministério Público, no intuito de garantir o restabelecimento adequado de seus serviços, a eficiência desejável e para resgatar a credibilidade e sustentabilidade do Hospital. Da motivação pelos projetos da nova gestão emergiu a necessidade de conhecer a situação do desempenho desta unidade hospitalar, em especial a Maternidade, ponto de partida do projeto. Este estudo é relevante para a institucionalização da avaliação da qualidade nesta Unidade Hospitalar, bem como condição primária para construção de planos de trabalho. O Programa Nacional de Avaliação dos Serviços de Saúde PNASS é uma proposta do Ministério da Saúde, e é visto como uma ferramenta de gestão para monitoramento e avaliação. O programa pode apontar diversas oportunidades de melhorias e auxiliar a tomada de decisão tornando-se adequado seu emprego no levantamento das informações necessárias para o conhecimento do cenário da Maternidade, como base para um futuro plano de ação. Este estudo tem por objetivo aplicar o programa de avaliação normativa proposto pelo PNASS na Maternidade da Santa Casa, a fim de identificar seu desempenho, como primeiro passo para a construção do plano estratégico de ação em busca do aprimoramento da qualidade em saúde neste setor. Como metodologia, é uma pesquisa quantitativa onde foram utilizados padrões de conformidade, questionários fechados direcionados aos usuários e trabalhadores da Maternidade, e análise de indicadores. Resultados: foram entrevistadas 35 mulheres e 47 profissionais de saúde, num total de 85% da amostra desejada; ficou evidente a necessidade de intervenção e implementação de mudanças na área de Gerenciamento de Risco; e melhorias quanto às condições de trabalho relacionadas à infraestrutura e equipamentos. Os indicadores de internação apontam a necessidade de revisão do número de leitos disponíveis; a taxa de parto cesáreo, 59%, é extremamente alta e muito acima do preconizados pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. Este estudo mostrou um resultado positivo quanto à satisfação das parturientes com o serviço prestado, embora existam áreas carentes de melhorias. Melhorias também são necessárias para o dimensionamento efetivo do quadro de profissionais para atendimento à demanda. A interrupção do lançamento de relatórios sobre atuais avaliações feitas pelo PNASS e a pouca divulgação do mesmo são questões levantadas por este estudo. Considera-se que a aplicação do PNASS na Maternidade da Santa Casa de Angra dos Reis proporcionou embasamento para a elaboração de uma oportuna matriz de intervenção.

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This study aimed to verify which are the main factors for a Quality of Working Life Program in context of the Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP). For this, a descriptive, an explanatory, a literature, a documentary and a field research was applied. ANP was the universe of the research. The sample consists of 2 Quality of Working Life Program¿s managers: one of Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA), and another one from Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS), as well as managers and servers from ANP. Two semi structured interviews, a mixed questionnaire and a words evoke test were applied. The Quality of Working Life Factors used in this study were: working conditions, health, moral, compensation, participation, internal communication, organization image, headmansubaltern relationship and working organization. It was concluded that relevant factors for a Quality of Working Life Program in ANP are: working organization, working condition, moral, health and organization image.

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Sandflies stand out as important vectors of leishmaniasis. The females need to ingest blood meals, enabling them to transmit protozoa of the genus Leishmania, which may give rise to visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL), in addition to transmitting other parasites. Leishmaniasis are important infirmities, distributed worldwide, whose infection results from the interaction of reservoir animals, the vector insect, parasitic protozoa and the healthy host. In the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil, these insects are important transmitters of VL, which usually presents in the most serious form. It occurs mainly in metropolitan areas, with the dog as its main reservoir and Lutzomyia longipalpis as the vector. ATL is most present in the highland areas of the state. In addition to hematophagia, engaged in by the females, both sexes need to ingest carbohydrates, which are essential to the sand flies energy requirements and may interfere in the development of Leishmania. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and abundance of sand flies in different environments on the farm belonging to the Empresa de Pesquisas Agropecuárias do RN (Institute of Agricultural Research of RN), in the municipality of Parnamirim, in order to relate this occurrence with climatological and biological references and eating habits. Three consecutive monthly collections were carried out with CDC traps in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest, in a residence, on a goat breeding farm and on cashew, dwarf and giant coconut, mango, banana, eucalyptus, acacia and bean plantations. A total of 1241 sandflies from eight species (Lutzomyia evandroi, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Lutzomyia shannoni, Lutzomyia sordellii Lutzomyia walkeri, Lutzomyia wellcomei, Lutzomyia whitmani, and Lutzomyia intermedia) were collected, most in the forest environment. L. longipalpis, the main VL transmitter, was confirmed as a species adapted to anthropic environments, whereas others such as L. wellcomei, the vector of ATL, occurred predominantly in forests. Carbohydrate characterization of the sand flies and plants of the region demonstrated that a number of exotic plants such as hay and eucalyptus may play some role in the adaptation of these species to modified environments. Breeding in laboratory showed a mean biological cycle of 53.5 days from egg to adulthood for L. shannoni and the possibility of diapause behavior in L. wellcomei. This study serves as a source of information that may contribute to the epidemiological vigilance of tegumentary and visceral leishmaniasis in the state, given that it analyzes the bioecology of transmitting species, as well as their potential to adapt to new environments

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Meat production by goats has become an important livestock enterprise in several parts of the world. Nonetheless, energy and protein requirements of meat goats have not been defined thoroughly. The objective of this study was to determine the energy and protein requirements for maintenance and growth of 34 3/4 Boer x 1/4 Saanen crossbred, intact male kids (20.5 +/- 0.24 kg of initial BW). The baseline group was 7 randomly selected kids, averaging 21.2 +/- 0.36 kg of BW. An intermediate group consisted of 6 randomly selected kids, fed for ad libitum intake, that were slaughtered when they reached an average BW of 28.2 +/- 0.39 kg. The remaining kids (n = 21) were allocated randomly on d 0 to 3 levels of DMI (treatments were ad libitum or restricted to 70 or 40% of the ad libitum intake) within 7 slaughter groups. A slaughter group contained 1 kid from each treatment, and kids were slaughtered when the ad libitum treatment kid reached 35 kg of BW. Individual body components (head plus feet, hide, internal organs plus blood, and carcass) were weighed, ground, mixed, and subsampled for chemical analyses. Initial body composition was determined using equations developed from the composition of the baseline kids. The calculated daily maintenance requirement for NE was 77.3 +/- 1.05 kcal/kg(0.75) of empty BW (EBW) or 67.4 +/- 1.04 kcal/kg(0.75) of shrunk BW. The daily ME requirement for maintenance (118.1 kcal/g(0.75) of EBW or 103.0 kcal/kg(0.75) of shrunk BW) was calculated by iteration, assuming that the heat produced was equal to the ME intake at maintenance. The partial efficiency of use of ME for NE below maintenance was 0.65. A value of 2.44 +/- 0.4 g of net protein/kg(0.75) of EBW for daily maintenance was determined. Net energy requirements for growth ranged from 2.55 to 3.0 Mcal/kg of EBW gain at 20 and 35 kg of BW, and net protein requirements for growth ranged from 178.8 to 185.2 g/kg of EBW gain. These results suggest that NE and net protein requirements for growing meat goats exceed the requirements previously published for dairy goats. Moreover, results from this study suggest that the N requirement for maintenance for growing goats is greater than the established recommendations.