Karta över Borgå socken Porvoon pitäjä / tehty maanmittaushallituksessa vuosina 1936-1937

0-meridiaani : Greenwich.

Borg's rating of perceived exertion scales: do the verbal anchors mean the same for different clinical groups?

Objective: To examine the interpretation of the verbal anchors used in the Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scales in different clinical groups and a healthy control group. Design: Prospective experimental study. Setting: Rehabilitation center. Participants: Nineteen subjects with brain injury, 16 with chronic low back pain (CLBP), and 20 healthy controls. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Subjects used a visual analog scale (VAS) to rate their interpretation of the verbal anchors from the Borg RPE 6-20 and the newer 10-point category ratio scale. Results: All groups placed the verbal anchors in the order that they occur on the scales. There were significant within-group differences (P > .05) between VAS scores for 4 verbal anchors in the control group, 8 in the CLBP group, and 2 in the brain injury group. There was no significant difference in rating of each verbal anchor between the groups (P > .05). Conclusions: All subjects rated the verbal anchors in the order they occur on the scales, but there was less agreement in rating of each verbal anchor among subjects in the brain injury group. Clinicians should consider the possibility of small discrepancies in the meaning of the verbal anchors to subjects, particularly those recovering from brain injury, when they evaluate exercise perceptions.

Determinação da crítica razão esforço-pausa em Uchi-Komi no judô, com a utilização de deltas de variação de lactato sanguíneo e da escala subjetiva de esforço de Borg

In the competitive judo, the form as a trainer organizes the process of his/her athlete's training is a very important task for a good acting and a better use of the technical procedures. There is great importance in determining the exercise intensity for the judocas training due to the interest for the high income in several competitions, and few studies returned for this research area, involving those athletes' different physiologic conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to improve protocols of physical evaluation for this modality, increasing his/her applicability. The present study aimed at to verify the validity of a protocol of specific aerobic test of the judo (technique ipon-seoi-nague), no exhausting, adapted of the method of CHASSAIN (1986), using deltas of variations of the lactacidemia and of the Scale of Perception of Effort of Borg, in athletes well. The test adapted to the judo constituted of four exercise series with two efforts similar (double) of 180 seconds with one interval of 90 seconds among them. The series of exercises were accomplished in consecutive days. The intensities of the double tests were of 85%, 95%, 105% and 115% of the minimum lactato for each participant. This work used the technique ipon-seoi-nague, obeying the reasons effort-pause individualized for each athlete, that you/they correspond to the intensities of exercises proposed by the protocol of CHASSAIN (1986). In that way, the athletes applied a blow (maximum speed) and they rested some seconds, depending on the regime effort-pause of the session. At the end of each collection collection of blood (25NL) of each participant's earlobe was accomplished, seeking to measure the concentration of sanguine lactato. The collections were accomplished at the end of the first and of the second efforts, in each one of the series. For the analysis of the Perception of the athletes' Effort, the Scale of Perception... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Determinação da crítica razão esforço pausa (e:pcrit) em uchi-komi no judô, utilizando deltas de variação de freqüência cardíaca e escala de percepção de esforço de Borg

O presente estudo objetivou verificar a validade de um protocolo de teste aeróbio específico do judô (técnica ipon-seoi-nague), não exaustivo, adaptado do método de CHASSAIN (1986), utilizando deltas de variações da escala de percepção de Borg e da freqüência cardíaca em atletas bem treinados. O teste adaptado ao judô constituiu de quatro séries de exercício com dois esforços iguais (duplos) de 180 segundos com um intervalo de 90 segundos entre eles. As séries de exercícios foram realizadas em dias consecutivos. As intensidades dos testes duplos foram de 85%, 95%,105% e 115% do lactato mínimo para cada participante. Este trabalho utilizou a técnica ipon-seoi-nague, sendo que as razões esforço-pausa foram específicas para cada atleta, e correspondem às intensidades de exercício propostas pelo protocolo de Chassain (1986). A escala de percepção de esforço de Borg foi mostrada ao final do primeiro e do segundo esforços, em cada uma das séries, para que o atleta determinasse o nível de cansaço. Para análise da freqüência cardíaca foi utilizado um freqüencímetro, Polar Vantage NV, obtendo freqüência cardíaca concomitantemente a escala de Borg, ao final de bloco de esforço. Dessa maneira, foram obtidos dois deltas de variações entre o primeiro e o segundo esforços, para escala de percepção de Borg (ΔBORG) e FC (ΔFC). Uma vez que foram utilizadas quatro intensidades, foi possível determinar quatro ΔBORG e quatro ΔFC. Assim, a partir de duas regressões lineares (uma para o Borg e outra para a FC), foi possível determinar as razões esforço:pausas críticas do exercício na técnica específica do Judô, a partir da determinação das intensidades nas quais a variação de Borg e da FC foi igual a zero (ΔBORG=0 e ΔFC=0). Para validar esses procedimentos adaptados de Chassain (1986) ao Judô, foi realizado o teste de Lactato Mínimo Adaptado, conforme sugerido por Azevedo (2002).

Manipulation effects of prior exercise intensity feedback by the Borg scale during open-loop cycling

Objective To verify the effects of exercise intensity deception by the Borg scale on the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR) and performance responses during a constant power output open-loop exercise. Methods Eight healthy men underwent a maximal incremental test on a cycle ergometer to identify the peak power output (PPO) and heart rate deflection point (HRDP). Subsequently, they performed a constant power output trial to exhaustion set at the HRDP intensity, in deception (DEC) and informed (INF) conditions: DEC-subjects were told that they would be cycling at an intensity corresponding to two categories below the RPE quantified at the HRDP; INF-subjects were told that they would cycle at the exact intensity corresponding to the RPE quantified at the HRDP. Results The PPO and power output at the HRDP obtained in maximal incremental tests were 247.5 +/- 32.1 W and 208.1 +/- 27.1 W, respectively. No significant difference in the time to exhaustion was found between DEC (525 +/- 244 s) or INF (499 +/- 224 s) trials. The slope and the first and second measurements of the RPE and HR parameters showed no significant difference between trials. Conclusions Psychophysiological variables such as RPE and HR as well as performance were not affected when exercise intensity was deceptively manipulated via RPE scores. This may suggest that unaltered RPE during exercise is a regulator of performance in this open-loop exercise.

Brief over die regtvaardigmakinge des zondaars : door de onmiddelijke toerekening der borg-geregtigheid van Christus /

Includes index.

Resistance is futile: the borg, the hive, and corporate hegemony

The Borg, a collective of humanoid cyborgs linked together in a hive-mind and modeled on the earthly superorganisms of ant colonies and beehives, has been the most feared alien race in the Star Trek universe. The formidable success of the Borg in assimilating their foes corresponds to the astounding success of superorganisms in our own biosphere. Yet the Borg also serves as a metaphor for another collective of biological entities known as the corporation. In the Anthropocene epoch, corporations have become the most powerful force on the planet; their influence on the social world and the environment exceeds any government and may determine the continued sustainability of human life. Corporations have been described as people and as machines, but neither metaphor accurately describes their essence or contributes to an understanding that might resist their power. This paper reframes our understanding of the corporation by examining the metaphors that are used to describe it, and by suggesting an entirely new metaphor viewing the Borg and the corporation through the lens of sociobiology. I will argue that the corporation is a new form of superorganism that has become the dominant species on the planet and that the immense, intractable power of a globalized, corporate hive-mind has become the principal obstacle to addressing the planetary emergency of climate change. Reframing our metaphoric understanding of corporations as biological entities in the planetary biosphere may enable us to imagine ways to resist their increasing dominance and create a sustainable future. 

Análise de biomarcadores sanguíneos em estímulos anaeróbios máximos no nado crawl

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Efeito da ingestão de cafeina sobre o deficit acumulado de oxigenio, sinal eletromiografico dos musculos superficiais do quadriceps e desempenho fisico de ciclistas

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Limiar ventilatorio e comportamento do sinal eletromiografico durante exercicio incremental no cicloergometro

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Variação da qualidade de vida em pacientes tratadas com câncer de mama e submetidas a um programa de exercícios aeróbios

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito de um programa de exercícios na qualidade de vida em pacientes que tiveram câncer de mama. Metodologia: Foram diagnosticadas 29 mulheres com câncer de mama e tratadas com intuito de cura, sendo submetidas a dez semanas de exercícios aeróbios (caminhada ou corrida leve). Os exercícios foram realizados três vezes por semana. Para instrumentos no controle da intensidade dos exercícios se utilizou a escala de percepção de esforço de BORG e monitor de frequência cardíaca (POLAR FS-1). Para a avaliação dos estados de humor, utilizou-se o score POMS - Profile of Mood States no início da primeira semana e no final da décima semana do programa de exercícios. A qualidade de vida foi mensurada no início e no final do estudo através do score SF-36. Resultados: Com exceção da confusão mental (p= 0,123), todas as outras variáveis dos estados de humor do score POMS demonstraram melhoras significativas no final do trabalho (p< 0,05) e, também, as variáveis relacionadas aos aspectos físicos e psicológicos (p< 0,05). A capacidade aeróbia também aumentou significativamente (762,7m pré versus 1025,3m pós p< 0,05). O percentual de gordura corporal também sofreu influência positiva dos exercícios, indo de 30,9% no início do programa para 29,5% ao final (p< 0,05). Não foi detectada variação significativa no peso corporal das pacientes. Conclusão: De forma geral, os exercícios aeróbios demonstraram impactos positivos na melhora da qualidade de vida e nos estados de humor nas participantes deste estudo após dez semanas

Construct and concurrent validation of omni-kayak rating of perceived exertion scale

This study tested the concurrent and construct validity of a newly developed OMNI-Kayak Scale, testing 8 male kayakers who performed a flatwater load-incremented ""shuttle"" test over a 500-m course and 3 estimation-production trials over a 1,000-m course. Velocity, blood lactate concentration, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE), using the OMNI-Kayak RPE Scale and the Borg 6-20 Scale were recorded. OMNI-Kayak Scale RPE was highly correlated with velocity, the Borg 6-20 Scale RPE, blood lactate, and heart rate for both load-incremented test (rs=.87-.96), and estimation trials (rs=.75-.90). There were no significant differences among velocities, heart rate and blood lactate concentration between estimation and production trials. The OMNI-Kayak RPE Scale showed concurrent and construct validity in assessing perception of effort in flatwater kayaking and is a valid tool for self-regulation of exercise intensity.