La llengua de l'enemic com a llengua pròpia: cultures translatives del paisatge indígena nord-americà

This research paper seeks to bring into view the present-day situation of Native-American narrative in English. It is divided into four chapters. The first deals with the emergence of what we might call a Native-American narrative style and its evolution from 1900 up until its particularly forceful expression in 1968 with the appearance of N. Scott Momaday’s novel House Made of Dawn. To trace this evolution, we follow the chronology set forth by Paula Gunn Allen in her anthology Voice of the Turtle: American Indian Literature 1900-1970. In the second chapter we hear various voices from contemporary Native-American literary production as we follow Simon J. Ortiz’s anthology Speaking for the Generations: Native Writers on Writing. Noteworthy among these are Leslie Marmon Silko and Gloria Bird, alongside new voices such as those of Esther G. Belin and Daniel David Moses, and closing with Guatemalan-Mayan Victor D. Montejo, exiled in the United States. These writers’ contributions gravitate around two fundamental notions: the interdependence between human beings and the surrounding landscape, and the struggle for survival, which of necessity involves the deconstruction of the (post-)colonial subject. The third chapter deals with an anthology of short stories and poems by present-day Native-American women writers, edited by Joy Harjo and Gloria Bird and entitled Reinventing the Enemy’s Language: Contemporary Native Women’s Writings of North America. It too exemplifies personal and cultural reaffirmation on a landscape rich in ancestral elements, but also where one’s own voice takes shape in the language which, historically, is that of the enemy. In the final chapter we see how translation studies provide a critical perspective and fruitful reflection on the literary production of Native-American translative cultures, where a wide range of writers struggle to bring about the affirmative deconstruction of the colonialised subject. Thus there comes a turnaround in the function of the “enemy’s language,” giving rise also to the question of cultural incommensurability.

Reescrituras de la masculinidad

Este libro que presentamos reúne varias de las contribuciones que se hicieron en el Seminario Internacional "Hombres escritos por mujeres; Reescrituras de la masculinidad de la Universidad de Barcelona en marzo de 1999, y que constituyó asimismo la primera reunión de la Red Temática "Dones i cultures/Mujeres y culturas. Esta Res, reconocida en 1998 por el "Pla de recerca de Catalunya", coordina a varios grupos de investigación de Universidades españolas y extranjeras (Francia, Marruecos y Estados Unidos están representados en ella) que se dedican a los estudios de mujeres y en torno al género, desde perspectivas interdisciplinares que incluyen la filosofía, la antropología, la historia, la crítica literaria y, de modo más general, los llamados estudios culturales...

Reescrituras de la masculinidad

Este libro que presentamos reúne varias de las contribuciones que se hicieron en el Seminario Internacional "Hombres escritos por mujeres; Reescrituras de la masculinidad de la Universidad de Barcelona en marzo de 1999, y que constituyó asimismo la primera reunión de la Red Temática "Dones i cultures/Mujeres y culturas. Esta Res, reconocida en 1998 por el "Pla de recerca de Catalunya", coordina a varios grupos de investigación de Universidades españolas y extranjeras (Francia, Marruecos y Estados Unidos están representados en ella) que se dedican a los estudios de mujeres y en torno al género, desde perspectivas interdisciplinares que incluyen la filosofía, la antropología, la historia, la crítica literaria y, de modo más general, los llamados estudios culturales...

Reescrituras de la masculinidad

Este libro que presentamos reúne varias de las contribuciones que se hicieron en el Seminario Internacional "Hombres escritos por mujeres; Reescrituras de la masculinidad de la Universidad de Barcelona en marzo de 1999, y que constituyó asimismo la primera reunión de la Red Temática "Dones i cultures/Mujeres y culturas. Esta Res, reconocida en 1998 por el "Pla de recerca de Catalunya", coordina a varios grupos de investigación de Universidades españolas y extranjeras (Francia, Marruecos y Estados Unidos están representados en ella) que se dedican a los estudios de mujeres y en torno al género, desde perspectivas interdisciplinares que incluyen la filosofía, la antropología, la historia, la crítica literaria y, de modo más general, los llamados estudios culturales...

Ocupa-la palabra

Abonda con repasa-los manuais de historia da literatura galega para comprobar que a presencia feminina de certo releyo queda limitada a unha figura sobranceira, Rosalía de Castro, que logo foi acompañándose de Pura Vázqtíez, Luz Pozo Garza, Xohana Torres ou Maria Xosé Queízan. Poucas máis son as escritoras galegas de antes de 1976 que tiveron acceso 6 recoñecemento xeral. Cerramenre este mangado de nomes é máis ben caríveiro en comparación coa longa restra de autores masculinos, pero resulta moito máis rechamante se o comparamos co grande pulo que está a te-la poesía de muller hoxe en día; un pulo moito maior ca noutros xéneros, e aínda así moi por detrás da literatura infantil e da crítica literaria. A presencia destacada da muller nestes ámbitos lévanos, necesariamente, a constara-lo efecto espello que se produce entre a súa situación social e os xéneros literarios ós que semella ter un acceso máis doado...

Ocupa-la palabra

Abonda con repasa-los manuais de historia da literatura galega para comprobar que a presencia feminina de certo releyo queda limitada a unha figura sobranceira, Rosalía de Castro, que logo foi acompañándose de Pura Vázqtíez, Luz Pozo Garza, Xohana Torres ou Maria Xosé Queízan. Poucas máis son as escritoras galegas de antes de 1976 que tiveron acceso 6 recoñecemento xeral. Cerramenre este mangado de nomes é máis ben caríveiro en comparación coa longa restra de autores masculinos, pero resulta moito máis rechamante se o comparamos co grande pulo que está a te-la poesía de muller hoxe en día; un pulo moito maior ca noutros xéneros, e aínda así moi por detrás da literatura infantil e da crítica literaria. A presencia destacada da muller nestes ámbitos lévanos, necesariamente, a constara-lo efecto espello que se produce entre a súa situación social e os xéneros literarios ós que semella ter un acceso máis doado...

Autobiographie et engagement : l’ambiguïté du genre et le discours politique de L’Amérique au jour le jour comme laboratoire scripturaire dans l’œuvre de Simone de Beauvoir

L’objet de ce mémoire est d’explorer le lien étroit qui existe entre la pratique de l’autobiographie et l’écriture comme forme d’engagement dans l’œuvre de Simone de Beauvoir, grâce à une analyse du genre ambigu de L’Amérique au jour le jour et des discours politiques qu’il renferme. Bien que L’Amérique au jour le jour constitue le corpus principal de ce mémoire, nous utiliserons aussi des textes contemporains à la rédaction du journal de voyage américain pour guider notre classification générique, dont les Lettres à Nelson Algren, les Lettres à Sartre et Les Mandarins, ainsi que les volumes de l’ensemble autobiographique beauvoirien qui portent sur l’après-guerre, même si ceux-ci sont postérieurs à la rédaction du journal. À l’aide de concepts issus de la poétique des genres, comme les questions de hiérarchie, de proportion, d’intention et de programme, et de l’éthique de l’engagement de l’écrivain telle que définie par la notion sartrienne de l’engagement, nous tenterons de démontrer que l’ambiguïté générique de L’Amérique au jour le jour relève d’une action délibérée de l’auteure visant à mettre en péril son capital symbolique pour assurer la crédibilité de son engagement intellectuel. Une fois les concepts précités définis, le deuxième chapitre de notre mémoire s’attardera à explorer toutes les facettes de l’ambiguïté générique du journal américain, alors que le troisième chapitre démontrera le lien entre les écritures intimes et l’engagement, tout en explorant les formes que prend l’engagement dans le livre. Pour ce faire, nous analyserons trois discours politiques tenus par Beauvoir dans son œuvre : la critique du consumérisme américain, la critique de la condition des Noirs et la critique de la femme américaine. Nous conclurons notre mémoire en démontrant que L’Amérique au jour le jour est devenu une sorte de matrice dans la pratique autobiographique et scripturaire de Simone de Beauvoir, ainsi que dans son engagement.

Gender, Authorship and Male Domination : Mary Shelley’s Limited Freedom in "Frankenstein" and "The Last Man"

Ever since Ellen Moer's "Literary Women" (1976), "Frankenstein" has been recognized as a novel in which issues about authorship are intimately bound up with those of gender. The work has frequently been related to the circumstance of Shelley's combining the biological role of mother with the social role of author. [...]

Actitudes hacia el VIH/SIDA, el cáncer y la enfermedad de Alzheimer

Esta revisión de la literatura tuvo como objetivo describir las actitudes hacia el VIH/SIDA, el cáncer y la Enfermedad de Alzheimer desde el modelo tripartito. Se revisaron 109 artículos publicados entre 2005 y 2015 en algunas bases de datos especializadas y herramientas de análisis de impacto. También se incluyeron fuentes secundarias ampliándose la búsqueda a los últimos 20 años (1995-2015). Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de los estudios realizados sobre las actitudes hacia estas tres enfermedades son de tipo cuantitativo y la información se analizó con base en los componentes del modelo tripartito. Algunos aspectos sociodemográficos como el sexo y la edad están asociados con las actitudes hacia las tres enfermedades y predominan las creencias erróneas sobre ellas respecto a sus causas, curso y tratamiento. También predominan actitudes negativas hacia las tres enfermedades y las conductas e intenciones conductuales son diversas hacia cada una de ellas. No se hallaron antecedentes empíricos del estudio de la estructura de las actitudes propuesta por el modelo tripartito hacia las tres enfermedades. La Salud Pública ha liderado la investigación con base en el modelo de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas propuesto por la OMS.

Revolutionary insurgencies, paradigmatic cases

This essay will examine and compare the production of women's writing during and after the Nicaraguan and Cuban Revolutions, a corpus that includes novels, poetry, and testimonies, but also features considerable generic hybridity. Since both revolutions are separated by some twenty years, each must be understood in the context of the specific ideological conditions that framed women’s participation in culture and revolution, and must also be considered in light of evolving gender discourses, both national and international. As such, these texts respond to both local and transnational paradigms of feminine subjectivity, and highlight the particular problems that arise from women’s insertion into the revolution and its representation in literature. These writers also have to negotiate the evolving context of revolution itself, with its moments of euphoria and disenchantment – and it is here that the greatest contrasts can be found between the two revolutionary instances and their political features: whilst Cuba’s revolutionary process has somehow survived economic crisis and created a level of political stability and continuity (not without its own problems), the Nicaraguan case is characterised by ruptures and resentments which are clearly reflected in the work of writers before, during, and after the Sandinista revolution, and which continue to the present day. This chapter will address the work of the most prominent woman writer of the Nicaraguan revolution, Gioconda Belli, whose main work reflects her involvement in the Sandinista struggle; ex-commander Mónica Baltodano has recently compiled a four volume piece with testimonials of men and women who participated in the organization and actions led by the Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, and Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, former president of Nicaragua, who has recently co-authored an autobiography. There are other women poets to consider, especially under the auspices of the Asociación de Mujeres Nicaraguenses Luisa Amanda Espinoza, such as Vidaluz Meneses, Michele Najlis and Daisy Zamora. The testimonios compiled by Margaret Randall are also important pieces to consider for both Nicaragua and Cuba. The most important voices of the Cuban revolution still resident on the island are poet Nancy Morejón and writers Mirta Yáñez and Aida Bahr, with younger writers such as Adelaida Fernández de Juan and Marilyn Bobes representing a more recent generation.

Da libertinagem no Brasil colonial: a construção da imagem amoral das mulheres na literatura de viagem (1611-1808)

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

Sexual abuse victimisation and perpetration in a cohort of men living with HIV/AIDS who have sex with women from Sao Paulo, Brazil

Sexual abuse leads to physical harm and devastating psychosocial consequences. It increases risk of HIV transmission and is associated with risky behaviour. Little is known about sexual abuse victimisation (SAV) and perpetration (SAP) among HIV-positive men who have sex with women (MSW). We investigated self-reported SAV and SAP among 242 Brazilian MSW selected at HIV care centres. Patients were questioned about sociodemographic data, mode of HIV acquisition, sexual practices, drug use and history of SAV or SAP. Prevalence of outcomes was estimated and risk factors for SAP investigated by logistic regression. Fifty-eight (24.1%) interviewees reported SAV. Of patients abused before 15 years of age, 64.3% reported events before the age of ten. Aggressors included relatives, friends and teachers. Among those victimised after 15 years old, 57.7% described events before 17 and 38.5% had acquainted aggressors. Fourteen (5.8%) interviewees reported SAP and most knew their victims. Sexual abuse perpetration was associated with lower schooling, marital status, illicit drug use and self-reported SAV. Sexual abuse was frequently reported by MSW from this cohort. Identifying predictors of violence and addressing SAV and SAP in comprehensive HIV care may help reduce violent behaviour, psychological distress and contribute to maximise benefits of preventive and care interventions.

An investigation of the pica practices of pregnant women in Houston and Prairie View, Texas

Pregnant African American women are at higher risk of having a preterm delivery and/or a low birthweight infant. Many factors are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes but a food habit that deserves further study in the causal process is pica, a craving for, and ingestion of, nonnutritive substances such as laundry starch, clay, dirt, or ice. This food habit is more common in the African American population but has not been adequately studied in relation to preterm and/or low birth weight infants.^ Mothers (n = 281) with infants less than one year of age who participated in the Special Supplementary Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) at clinics in Houston and Prairie View, Texas were interviewed regarding pica practices during pregnancy, dietary practices, and some demographic indices. Hospital records were abstracted for health information on the mothers and infants, including birthweight and gestational age at birth of the infant.^ The subjects were 88.6% African American, 6.8% Hispanic, and 4.6% Caucasian. Overall prevalence of pica was 76.5%. Pica prevalence by substance(s) was as follows: ice 53.7%; ice and freezer frost 14.6%; other substances such as baking soda, baking powder, cornstarch, laundry starch, and clay or dirt 8.2%; and 23.5% reported no pica. The women who reported ice/freezer frost pica had a higher percentage of illegal drug use and alcohol use during pregnancy. The women who reported other pica substances had the lowest mean educational level, highest gravidity, and a higher percentage smoked during pregnancy.^ There were no significant differences in nutrient intakes measured by the mean 24-hour dietary recalls between women who reported ice pica (n = 103) and women who denied pica (n = 50). The women who reported ice/freezer frost pica or other pica substances had more food cravings and food dislikes during pregnancy than those who reported ice pica or no pica.^ There were no differences in mean birthweight or mean gestational age at birth of infants born to mothers from the three pica groups and the no pica group but regression analyses revealed a possible relationship between pica, low maternal hemoglobin at delivery, and preterm birth. ^