Neuvostoliiton kuljetusilmavoimien kaluston kehittäminen kylmän sodan aikana

Tutkielman tarkoituksena on selvittää Neuvostoliiton kuljetusilmavoimien kaluston kehittämistä kylmän sodan aikana. Tutkielmassa käsitellään kuljetusilmavoimien käytössä olleita lentokoneita ja helikoptereita. Kylmä sota käsittää ajan toisen maailmansodan päättymisestä Neuvostoliiton romahtamiseen. Tutkimusongelmana on ”Miksi kuljetusilmavoimia kehitettiin, mihin kehitystä tarvittiin ja mikä oli kuljetusilmavoimien olemassaolon tarkoitus?” Tutkielman painopiste on kaluston teknisessä kehityksessä. Päälähteet ovat Voenno-transportnaja aviatsija. Voenno-istoricheskij ocherk (Efanov V.V. - Pushkin V.J; Arsenal-Press, 1997) sekä Voenno-transportnaja aviatsija Rossii (Ratkin, V. - Pazynich, S. - Zolotov, V; Poligon-Press, Moskova 2006). Teokset ovat venäjänkielisiä sotahistoriallisia kuvauksia Neuvostoliiton kuljetusilmavoimista. Tutkielmassa ilmeni, että Neuvostoliiton kuljetusilmavoimien tilanne oli heikko toisen maailmansodan jälkeen. Suorituskyky parani 1960-luvulla ja oli pääpiirteissään nousujohteista koko kylmän sodan ajan. Kuljetusilmavoimien päätehtävänä oli pitkään maahanlaskujoukkojen kuljetus, mutta samaan aikaan suoritettiin strategisia joukkojen siirtoja ja avustustoimintaa. Suurimmat tekniset kehitysaskeleet olivat varsinaisen sotilaskuljetuskoneen tulo kuljetusilmavoimien kokoonpanoon 1950-luvun lopulla sekä suihkumoottoreilla varustetun kuljetuskoneen saaminen 1970-luvulla.

Karta Arhangel'skoj gubernìi iz" 8 uězdov".

[N. 1:2900000].

Karta Novgorodskoj gubernìi iz" 11. uězdov" / soč. Alek. Vil'breht".

[N. 1:1800000].

Karta St. Peterburgskoj gubernìi iz" 7 uězdov".

[N. 1:730000].

Karta Vyborgskoj gubernìi iz" 6 uězdov" / soč. A. Vil'breht".

[N. 1:710000].

Finite size effects in superconducting nanocomposites

The present Master’s thesis presents theoretical description of the extraodinary behavior of the confined Indium nanoparticles. Superconducting properties of nanoparticles and nanocomposites are extensively reviewed. Special attention has been paid to phase fluctuation, shell and disordered effects. The experimental data has been obtained and provided by Dmitry Shamshur from Ioffe Physical Technical Institute. The investigated material represents a highly ordered system of silicate spheres filled with indium metal, where the In nanoparticles are interconnected between each other. Bulk indium is a superconductor with crititcal superconducting temperature Tc0 = 3:41 K. But indium nanoparticles exhibit different behavior, the critical temperature rise by approximately 20% up to 4.15 K. As well as transition of the indium particles to type-II superconductivity with high critical magnetic fields. Such diversity is explained by finite size effects which originate from nanosize of the samples.

Development of internet-based value added services in housing estate business in Russia

Value added services are becoming increasingly popular as they increase the perceived value of the core product and can be a strong method of attracting customers and motivating them to make a choice. The purpose of this research is to develop internet-based value added services for housing estate business in Russia. The research is a case study of Russian housing estate market utilising a triangulation of methods for better results. For the qualitative data analysis, 7 interviews with heads of regional departments of construction companies from different regions of Russia were conducted. For the quantitative data analysis, a survey of 128 inhabitants of Saint-Petersburg housing estates was held. Factor analysis and descriptive statistics including cross-tabulations and chi-square tests for significance were used to analyse the results. In this study, a list 19 value added services that can be provided through online platforms in housing estate market was developed. These services fall into three big groups: social networking services, compulsory and additional services. Additionally, the question of monetisation of online platforms in housing estate market was discussed and three business models were suggested.

La construcción de la política exterior de Rusia hacia Serbia: entre el pragmatismo y el Eurasianismo (2007-2015)

Esta monografía defenderá que la Rusia contemporánea cuenta con una ideología formada a partir de los elementos imperiales y religiosos previos a la Unión Soviética además de elementos políticos propios de la URSS como la colectividad y la oposición a occidente. La Rusia de Putin ha recobrado sus capacidades para defender sus intereses en el mundo frente a la injerencia de occidente, y en el caso de Serbia esto se hará evidente a través de la importancia de los lazos culturales e históricos reforzados por los vínculos económicos y estratégicos que representa la presencia de Rusia en Serbia. Los principales autores sobre los que se trabajará son Alexander Dugin y Alexander Panarin.

Ozone and climate: a review of interconnections

Stratospheric ozone has been depleted over the last 25 years following anthropogenic emissions of a number of chlorine- and bromine-containing compounds (ozone-depleting substances, ODSs), which are now regulated under the Montreal Protocol. The Protocol has been effective in controlling the net growth of these compounds in the atmosphere. As chlorine and bromine slowly decrease in the future, ozone levels are expected to increase in the coming decades, although the evolution will also depend on the changing climate system.

On S-matrix factorization of the Landau-Lifshitz model

We consider the three-particle scattering S-matrix for the Landau-Lifshitz model by directly computing the set of the Feynman diagrams up to the second order. We show, following the analogous computations for the non-linear Schrdinger model [1, 2], that the three-particle S-matrix is factorizable in the first non-trivial order.

Remarks on Parametric Surface Waves in a Nonlinear and Non-Ideally Excited Tank

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Enzymatic Logic Gates with Noise-Reducing Sigmoid Response

Biochemical computing is an emerging field of unconventional computing that attempts to process information with biomolecules and biological objects using digital logic. In this work we survey filtering in general, in biochemical computing, and summarize the experimental realization of an and logic gate with sigmoid response in one of the inputs. The logic gate is realized with electrode-immobilized glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme that catalyzes a reaction corresponding to the Boolean and functions. A kinetic model is also developed and used to evaluate the extent to which the performance of the experimentally realized logic gate is close to optimal.

Micropatterned nanocomposite hydrogels for biosensing applications

This paper describes the use of Au nanoparticle (NP)-containing hydrogel microstructures in the development of electrochemical enzyme-based biosensors. To fabricate biosensors, AuNPs were conjugated with glucose oxidase (GOX) or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) molecules and were dispersed in the prepolymer solution of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA). Vinylferrocene (VF) was also added into the prepolymer solution in order to lower operating potential of the biosensor and to prevent oxidation of interfering substances. The prepolymer solution was photolithographically patterned in alignment with an array of Au electrodes fabricated on glass. As a result, electrode arrays became functionalized with AuNP/GOX- or AuNP/HRP-carrying hydrogel microstructures. Performance of the biosensors was characterized by impedance spectroscopy, chronoapmerometry and cyclic voltammetry. Impedance measurements revealed that inclusion of Au nanoparticles improved conductivity of PEG hydrogel by a factor of 5. Importantly, biosensors based on AuNP-GOX complex exhibited high sensitivity to glucose (100μAmM -1cm -2) in the linear range from 0.1 to 10mM. The detection limit was estimated to be 3.7×10- 7M at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Biosensors with immobilized AuNP/HPR had a linear response from 0.5 to 5.0μM of hydrogen peroxide with sensitivity of 1.4mAmM -1cm -2. The method for fabricating nanoparticle-carrying hydrogel microstructures described in this paper should be widely applicable in the development of robust and sensitive electrochemical biosensors. © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.