WOMAN IN CHEMISTRY. JANE MARCET, A RELEVANT FIGURE IN CHEMISTRY EDUCATION

A historiographical study of Jane Marcet’s role in spreading chemistry knowledge to a wider audience in the 19th century is presented here. Her efforts to spread scientific knowledge were crucial to sharing the most important theories of chemistry among different audiences, particularly women and young people. Through her book, “Conversations on Chemistry,” which was published in several editions from 1806 to 1853, she contributed significantly to chemistry education. Despite controversy over the large number of editions, this text is a strong witness to the active participation of women in science. Her scientific rigor and contribution to narrative strategies in chemistry pedagogy have given Jane Marcet consideration not only as an important woman in the scientific community of England during the first half of the 19th century but also as a central figure in the early development of chemistry diffusion and education.

Agile CRM System Implementation Project

The application of information technology (IT) in customer relationship management (CRM) is growing rapidly as many companies implement CRM systems to support their numerous customer facing activities. However, failure rates of CRM projects remain notably high as they deliver scant solutions and poor user acceptance. As a consequence, it is justified to study previously researched CRM success factors and apply them to CRM system implementation. The aim of this master’s thesis was to get acquainted with relevant academic theories, frameworks and practices concerning CRM and agile development, and use them to generate a modified CRM project strategy to support the successful execution of the case company’s, Process Vision Oy, CRM implementation project. The empirical CRM system implementation project was conducted simultaneously with writing this thesis. Its theoretical findings could be transferred into practice through active participation in the CRM system development and deployment work. The project’s main goal was to produce and take into use a functioning CRM system. The goal was met, since at the time of printing this thesis the first system release was successfully published to its users at Process Vision’s marketing and sales departments. The key success elements in the CRM project were cyclic, iterative system development, customer oriented approach, user inclusion and flexible project management. Implying agile development practices ensured being able to quickly respond to changes arising during the progress of the CRM project. Throughout modelling of the core sales process formed a strong basis, on which the CRM system’s operational and analytical functionalities were built. End users were included in the initial specification of system requirements and they provided feedback on the system’s usage. To conclude, the chosen theoretical CRM roadmaps and agile development practices proved as beneficial in the successful planning and execution of the agile CRM system implementation project at Process Vision.

First identification of natural infection of Rickettsia rickettsii in the Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick, in the State of Rio de Janeiro

The Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) is a zoonotic disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii and transmitted by ticks of the genus Amblyomma, more frequently, Amblyomma cajennense. The aim of this paper was to report the first molecular detection of R. rickettsii on R. sanguineus naturally infected in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Ticks were collected from dogs in a rural region of Resende municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil (22º30'9.46"S, 44º42'44.29"WO), where occurred five human cases of BSF in 2006. The ticks were identified under a stereoscopic microscope and separated in pools by stages, species and sex. DNA extraction was carried out using QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN®). The DNA was submitted to PCR amplification using 04 set of primers: Rr190.70p/Rr190.602n (OmpA, 532bp), BG1-21/BG2-20 (OmpB, 650bp), Tz15/Tz16 (17 kDa protein-encoding gene, 246bp) and RpCS.877p/RpCS.1258n (gltA, 381bp). PCR products were separated by electrophoresis on 1% agarose gels and visualized under ultraviolet light with ethidium bromide. PCR products of the expected sizes were purified by QIAquick® and sequenced by ABI PRISM®. The generated nucleotide sequences were edited with using Bioedit® software and compared with the corresponding homologous sequences available through GenBank, using Discontiguous Mega Blast (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). It was confirmed R. rickettsii by sequencing of the material (GenBank FJ356230). The molecular characterization of R. rickettsii in the tick R. sanguineus emphasizes the role of dogs as carriers of ticks from the environment to home. Moreover, this result suggests that there is a considerable chance for active participation of R. sanguineus as one of tick species in the transmission of R. ricketsii to human being in the Brazilian territory.

Exploring the value creation in service ecosystem context: the case of the information technology sector

This thesis examines customer value creation in a service ecosystem context. The objective of this thesis is to develop a comprehensive view of value creation processes in a service ecosystem context and an understanding on the roles of the stakeholders involved in these processes, focusing on the information technology industry. The novelty of the two central concepts of this thesis, systemic customer value and service ecosystem, as well as the gap in the literature of empirical research on value creation in an ecosystem-level, opened an interesting research topic. The empirical study is conducted as a single case analysis, utilizing Group Decision Support System (GDSS) and also Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The findings suggest that customer value is created by a complex combination of interactions among different actors of the ecosystem. Thus, value is not created by a single offering directed to the customer, but by an integration of services from different parts of the ecosystem as well as the active participation of customer in this process.

Molecular confirmation of ovine herpesvirus 2-induced malignant catarrhal fever lesions in cattle from Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Molecular findings that confirmed the participation of ovine herpesvirus 2 (OVH-2) in the lesions that were consistent with those observed in malignant catarrhal fever of cattle are described. Three mixed-breed cattle from Rio Grande do Norte state demonstrated clinical manifestations that included mucopurulent nasal discharge, corneal opacity and motor incoordination. Routine necropsy examination demonstrated ulcerations and hemorrhage of the oral cavity, corneal opacity, and lymph node enlargement. Significant histopathological findings included widespread necrotizing vasculitis, non-suppurative meningoencephalitis, lymphocytic interstitial nephritis and hepatitis, and thrombosis. PCR assay performed on DNA extracted from kidney and mesenteric lymph node of one animal amplified a product of 423 base pairs corresponding to a target sequence within the ovine herpesvirus 2 (OVH-2) tegument protein gene. Direct sequencing of the PCR products, from extracted DNA of the kidney and mesenteric lymph node of one cow, amplified the partial nucleotide sequences (423 base pairs) of OVH-2 tegument protein gene. Blast analysis confirmed that these sequences have 98-100% identity with similar OVH-2 sequences deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses, based on the deduced amino acid sequences, demonstrated that the strain of OVH-2 circulating in ruminants from the Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Norte and Minas Gerais are similar to that identified in other geographical locations. These findings confirmed the active participation of OVH-2 in the classical manifestations of sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever.

Study of the comprehension of the scientific method by members of a university health research laboratory

In Brazil, scientific research is carried out mainly at universities, where professors coordinate research projects with the active participation of undergraduate and graduate students. However, there is no formal program for the teaching/learning of the scientific method. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the comprehension of the scientific method by students of health sciences who participate in scientific projects in an academic research laboratory. An observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using Edgar Morin complexity as theoretical reference. In a semi-structured interview, students were asked to solve an abstract logical puzzle - TanGram. The collected data were analyzed using the hermeneutic-dialectic analysis method proposed by Minayo and discussed in terms of the theoretical reference of complexity. The students’ concept of the scientific method is limited to participation in projects, stressing the execution of practical procedures as opposed to scientific thinking. The solving of the TanGram puzzle revealed that the students had difficulties in understanding questions and activities focused on subjects and their processes. Objective answers, even when dealing with personal issues, were also reflected on the students’ opinions about the characteristics of a successful researcher. Students’ difficulties concerning these issues may affect their scientific performance and result in poorly designed experiments. This is a preliminary study that should be extended to other centers of scientific research.

Päättäväiset porvarskat. Turun johtavan porvariston naisten toimijuus vuosina 1623–1670

Turun 1600-luvun johtavan porvariston naiset toimivat aktiivisesti ja päättäväisesti omiin ja perheensä etuihin liittyvissä asioissa. He jatkoivat jo keskiajalla alkanutta traditiota, jossa myös porvarisvaimojen taloudellisen toiminnan merkitys korostui. He eivät kuitenkaan olleet perheestään, suvustaan tai Turun paikallisyhteisöstä erillään olevia yksilöitä, vaan tärkeä osa niitä. Siksi heidän toimijuuttaan ei voi eikä tule erottaa aikakautensa ja yhteisönsä kontekstista. Johtavan porvariston naiset ajoivat asioitaan Turun kaupungin oikeusasteissa kaikissa kolmessa siviilisäädyssä, naimattomina tyttärinä, aviovaimoina ja leskinä, aktiivisimmat heistä elämänsä aikana yli sata kertaa. Verrattuna muihin saman ajanjakson kaupunkeihin naimattomaksi jääneet turkulaiset porvaristyttäret esiintyivät korostuneen aktiivisesti valvomassa taloudellisia etujaan. Heidän toimintansa hyväksyttiin silloin, kun se ei ylittänyt porvariyhteisön sovinnaisuuden rajoja, joita he pyrkivät koettelemaan parantaakseen talouttaan. Leskinaisten oikeustoimikelpoisuus kertoo siitä, että naisia ei pidetty vaimoinakaan lähtökohtaisesti kyvyttöminä hoitamaan perheen asioita, vaan ainoastaan velvollisina alistumaan miehensä edusmiehisyyteen ja määräysvaltaan tämän eläessä. Talouden pää oli yleensä mies ja hänen velvollisuutenaan oli ajaa perheensä asioita. Siksi aviovaimot esiintyvät oikeudessa siviilisäädyistä harvimmin. Leskillä oli puolestaan oikeus hoitaa itse omaisuuttaan. Tämä tarkoitti myös velvollisuutta valvoa lasten perintöä. Turun johtava porvaristo koostui joistakin kymmenistä perheistä, joista suurin osa oli 1600-loppupuolelle tultaessa muodostanut avioliittojen kautta laajan sukulaisverkoston. Tätä verkostoa ei olisi voinut syntyä ilman porvarisnaisia, joiden avioliitot mahdollistivat omaisuuden siirtämisen uusille yrittäjille. Vaikka sukulaisuussuhteet olivat tärkeitä kaupankäynnissä, kokivat naiset ne myös uhkaksi itselleen. Sukulaismiehet pyrkivät usein saamaan naisten omaisuutta käyttöönsä vetoamalla näiden heikkoon kykyyn hallita omaisuutta. Porvarisnaiset kuitenkin puolustautuivat tällaisissa tilanteissa voimakkaasti ja hakivat turvaa porvariyhteisöä edustaneelta raadilta. He osasivat vedota asemaansa yhteisön jäseninä ja saivat yleensä raadin ja porvariyhteisön tuen. Aviomiehen kuoltua porvarisnaisen oli päätettävä, jatkoiko hän miehensä liiketoimintaa vai hankkiko hän elantonsa jollain muulla tavalla. Monet lesket järjestelivät taloudellisia asioitaan heti miehensä kuoltua ja jäivät sitten elämään esimerkiksi kaupunkitalonsa, maatilojensa ja pääomansa turvin. Osa naisista jatkoi yrittäjyyttä pienimuotoisesti esimerkiksi lainaamalla rahaa korkoa vastaan tai panemalla olutta. Muutamat johtavan porvariston naiset jatkoivat kuitenkin laajaa taloudellista toimintaa vuosikausia. Heidän menestyksensä osoittaa, että he olivat saaneet jo kotonaan perusteellisen koulutuksen porvarisammattiin. He olivat myös toimineet miehensä kumppaneina yrityksen toiminnassa, joten heillä oli hyvät edellytykset itsenäiseen asioiden hoitamiseen. Saamansa koulutuksen turvin porvarisnaiset siirsivät osaamisensa myös lapsilleen.

Facilitating self-directed learning: the nurse educators' perspective

The concept of self-directed learning was examined from the nurse educators' perspective. One structured interview, lasting between one and one-and-a half hours, was conducted with each of 14 nurse educators in two community college continuing education programs in nursing. One community college program encourages selfdirected learning; the other encourages self-study and active participation in the teaching/learning process. All 14 interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed for themes, patterns, and relationships utilizing analyst-constructed typologies. six prerequisites or necessary conditions for facilitating self-directed learning in a community college continuing education program in nursing were identified. ~he crucial issue in facilitating self-directed learning was found to be the issue of teacher-control.

School integration and the friendships of youth with developmental disabilities

- The present study was an investigation into the effect ofschool integration on the friendships ofyouth with developmental disabilities and their peers without disabilities. The youths, their parents, and their teachers provided insights into the youths' friendships. A qualitative paradigm was used in this research. The researcher guided the collection and analysis ofthe data with the phenomenologicallifeworld existentials of body, space, time, and human relation (Van Manen, 1990). Individual interviews were conducted with each youth, and group interviews were conducted with each triad (a youth, their parent(s), and their teacher) to discuss the youth's friendships and the supports necessary to facilitate the friendships. Through phenomenological analysis of the data, four thematic statements emerged: friendships are far from perfect, to have a friend you have to be a friend, parents as choreographers offriendship, and teachers as reluctant partners in friendship facilitation. Based on the results ofthis study, it was concluded that the development of friendships between youth with developmental disabilities and their peers without disabilities was happening in integrated school settings. However, it was also evident that the support ofteachers and parents alike were required to facilitate the development and maintenance ofsuch friendships. Recommendations for practice are discussed, including the need for active participation by the youth's parents in the facilitation offriendships, and the use ofa "circle offriends" to facilitate friendship development. Also discussed are the recommendations for further research, including the need for the youth's friends to be interviewed regarding their friendships with the youth with disabilities, and the need for researcher observation ofth~ friendships in action. Further research could also explore the role ofthe mother versus the father in facilitating friendships, and the role of recreation and leisure opportunities in the ,development offriendships.

Drama in education : deconstructing the role of movement in text

The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative textual analysis on the role of movement in 3 texts in Drama in Education in Canada. As the subject is holistic and encourages creative, active participation, movement was expected to appear, even inadvertently, in both theory and practice. It was hoped that guidelines for the use of movement within Drama in Education would emerge from the texts and that these guidelines would serve as models for others to use. A total of 26 Drama in Education experts in Canada were each asked to list the 10 most important texts in the field. Those who answered were assigned numbers and charted according to age, gender, and geography. An objective colleague helped narrow the group to 16 participants. A frequency count was used, assigning 10 points to the first text on each list, and descending to 1 point for the tenth text listed. Based on the highest number of points calculated, the 5 most frequently used texts were identified. These were compared to ascertain the widest representation ofthe authors' geographic location and gender, as well as differences in theory and practice. The final selection included 3 texts that represented differing approaches in their presentation and discussion of Drama in Education theories and practices. Analysis involved applying 5 levels of commitment to determine if,how, why, when, and with what results movement was explicitly or implicitly addressed in the 3 texts. Analysis resulted in several unexpected surprises around each of the 3 texts. The study also provided suggestions for extending and clarifying the role of movement in teaching and learning in general, as well as for Drama in Education in particular.

Projets des logements à la suite des désastres : analyse du système organisationnel et évaluation de la satisfaction des usagers dans un projet de reconstruction dans la région du Maghreb

Plusieurs études ont révélé des problèmes récurrents au niveau de la performance et de la gestion des projets de reconstruction à la suite des catastrophes dans les pays en voie de développement (PEVD). Ces projets doivent faire face à des conditions de vulnérabilité des habitants, engendrées par des facteurs politiques, économiques, sociaux et culturels. Les divers participants - contraints par un accès limité à l’information - sont confrontés à travailler dans un contexte hostile ayant un niveau d’incertitude élevé. Ce niveau d’incertitude augmente les risques du projet de reconstruction, particulièrement le risque d’insatisfaction des usagers. Ce travail vise à mettre en parallèle l’analyse du système organisationnel adopté pour la conduite d’un projet de reconstruction et celle du niveau de satisfaction des usagers. Il émet l’hypothèse suivante: deux facteurs organisationnels influencent largement le niveau de satisfaction de la part des bénéficiaires d’un projet de reconstruction de logements à la suite d’un désastre en PEVD: (i) le niveau de centralisation de la prise de décisions (jumelée au manque d’information) au sein de la Multi-Organisation Temporaire (MOT); et (ii) la capacité de la structure organisationnelle de la MOT d’impliquer la participation active des usagers au niveau de la planification, de la gestion, du financement et du design du projet. Afin d’atteindre cet objectif, une recherche empirique fut menée pour analyser le cas des inondations ayant eu lieu en 2003 dans une ville dans la région du Maghreb. Le niveau de satisfaction des usagers a été déterminé grâce à des indicateurs de transfert de technologie qui se basent sur l’analyse du « Cadre Logique » - une méthode d’évaluation largement utilisée dans le domaine du développement international. Les résultats de la recherche ne visent pas à identifier une relation de cause à effet entre les deux variables étudiées (la structure organisationnelle et la satisfaction des usagers). Cependant, ils mettent en évidence certains principes du montage et de la gestion des projets qui peuvent être mis en place pour l’amélioration des pratiques de reconstruction.

Le rôle de la rhétorique dans le projet en design : une exploration du concept d’argumentation de Perelman et Olbrechts-Tyteca

Les projets interdisciplinaires constituent rarement le terrain des études 
sur le processus de conception en design. Les théories générales du design, en tentant de définir ce qui est commun à toutes les disciplines du design, ont davantage étudié les cas typiques que les cas atypiques. Or, nous croyons qu’il existe dans les projets interdisciplinaires une négociation argumentative et une ouverture vers l’autre, propice à l’analyse du processus de conception en design. Pour réaliser l’étude de ce processus, la stratégie empruntée a été la «recherche-projet» qui propose une participation active sur le terrain. 
À l’intérieur de cette stratégie méthodologique, nous avons réalisé l’étude de cas d’un projet hybride, une signalétique identitaire destinée à marquer les écocentres montréalais et orienter leurs usagers. Comme plusieurs autres pratiques du design, la complexité des projets interdisciplinaires demande l’apport de plusieurs acteurs dans le processus. 
Ces personnes conçoivent le projet à travers des représentations visuelles et des échanges verbaux, nous avons choisi de faire porter notre étude principalement sur le second. Pour ce faire, nous avons choisi comme cadre théorique le Traité de l’argumentation de Chaïm Perelman et Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca en nous intéressant plus spécifiquement aux concepts d’«accord» et d’«auditoire». Parce que le véhicule de l’action en design est la notion de «projet», l’Anthropologie du projet de Jean-Pierre Boutinet sera notre guide à travers cette conduite. L’objet de recherche de ce mémoire sera donc le processus de conception en design qui sera étudié à travers le regard de l’argumentation. L’argumentation s'est révélée la clé du problème que posent les jugements de valeur, commune à toutes les disciplines du design. Qu’est-ce qu’un «bon» projet réalisé? Est-il possible de répondre à cette question, sans tomber dans un cadre argumentatif, sans devoir révéler les arguments qui nous permettent de croire vraisemblable une telle proposition? C’est en mettant en lien la théorie du projet en design et la théorie de l’argumentation que nous avons éclairé la pratique du designer, sa relation à ses collègues et ultimement avec lui-même. L’argumentation s’est avérée un outil permettant la construction de la réalité dans le projet interdisciplinaire.

Integrating information literacy in health sciences curricula: a case study from Québec

Objective: To portray an information literacy programme demonstrating a high level of integration in health sciences curricula and a teaching orientation aiming towards the development of lifelong learning skills. The setting is a French-speaking North American university. Methods: The offering includes standard workshops such as MEDLINE searching and specialised sessions such as pharmaceutical patents searching. A contribution to an international teaching collaboration in Haiti where workshops had to be thoroughly adapted to the clientele is also presented. Online guides addressing information literacy topics complement the programme. Results and evaluation: A small team of librarians and technicians taught 276 hours of library instruction during the 2011-2012 academic year. Methods used for evaluating information skills include scoring features of literature searches and user satisfaction surveys. Discussion: Privileged contacts between librarians and faculty resulting from embedded library instruction as well as from active participation in library committees result in a growing reputation of library services across academic departments and bring forth collaboration opportunities. Sustainability and evolution of the library instruction programme is warranted by frequent communication with partners in the clinical field, active involvement in academic networks and health library associations, and reflective professional strategies.

L’exploration de l’aspect humain du transfert de connaissances pour l’amélioration de l’utilisation des données probantes en milieu clinique

Travail dirigé présenté à la Faculté des sciences infirmières en vue de l’obtention du grade de M.S. ès sciences (M.Sc.) en sciences infirmières option formation des sciences infirmières

Au carrefour de l’intégration socio-professionnelle : perspectives et questionnements de personnes vivant avec des problèmes de santé mentale

Ce travail de mémoire porte sur le processus d’insertion sociale et économique des personnes vivant des problèmes de santé mentale. Le travail est devenu un important véhicule d’intégration sociale. En effet, on prétend que la pratique d’un métier serait pour les personnes souffrant de problèmes de santé un outil de rétablissement et de mieux-être, car elle permet de réduire les symptômes et l’incidence des hospitalisations. Le travail permet, également, d’augmenter les interactions sociales et de contribuer activement à la société. Il existe, toutefois, d’autres véhicules d’intégration qui semblent, sous certains angles, apporter les mêmes avantages. Les activités bénévoles améliorent la qualité de vie, favorisent les interactions sociales et donnent, à l’individu, l’occasion de contribuer à sa communauté. Par ailleurs, le retrait social peut être un moyen de s’éloigner des pressions sociales et de s’accorder une pause bénéfique. On soutient que les personnes ayant un problème de santé mentale qui ont une lecture positive de leur situation de marginalité tendent à être moins hospitalisées. S’appuyant sur une démarche qualitative, ce travail de recherche a tenté de cerner les perspectives, les questionnements et les perceptions des personnes ayant un trouble mental à l’égard d’un processus d’intégration socioprofessionnelle, de participation sociale et de retrait social. Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été menées auprès de onze personnes, et grâce à ces entretiens, un portrait au regard de leurs parcours social et professionnel a pu être brossé. Les entretiens ont permis d’explorer l’impact des problèmes de santé mentale sur leur réalité et sur leur identité, leurs représentations du marché de l’emploi et les motifs qui justifient le choix de s’engager ou de renoncer à un processus d’intégration socioprofessionnelle. Les résultats de cette recherche ont permis d'identifier cinq facteurs qui peuvent influencer la décision des personnes qui sont le rapport à l'environnement social, l'identité, le rapport aux institutions de l'État, les discours de légitimation et les perspectives d'avenir. Les résultats démontrent que l'on ne peut isoler les notions de vulnérabilité, d'autonomie, de bien-être ou de stabilité dans une phase spécifique. La vulnérabilité, l'autonomie, le bien-être et la stabilité sont des états que l’on peut vivre en situation de retrait social, de participation sociale et d’intégration socioprofessionnelle. Selon les circonstances et l’état émotif, ils peuvent être des modes adaptés ou inadaptés.