1000 resultados para 546 - Química inorgànica
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Gold metallogelators is an emerging area of research. The number of results published in the literature is still scarce. The majority of these gels is observed in organic solvents, and the potential applications are still to be explored. In this work, we present an overview about gold metallogelators divided in two different groups depending on the type of solvent used in the gelation process (organogelators and hydrogelators). A careful analysis of the data shows that aurophilic interactions are a common motif directly involved in gelation involving Au(I) complexes. There are also some Au(III) derivatives able to produce gels but in this case the organic ligands determine the aggregation process. A last section is included about the potential applications that have been reported until now with this new and amazing class of supramolecular assemblies.
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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Química Inorgánica) UANL
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Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias con Orientación en Química Inorgánica) UANL, 2010
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Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias con Orientación en Química Inorgánica) UANL, 2009.
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Resumen tomado de la publicación
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Realizado en la Facultad de Ciencias de Valladolid, por 4 profesores del centro, para las asignaturas de Espectroscopia Molecular, Simetría y Estructura y Laboratorio de Técnicas Instrumentales y Láser, de la Licenciatura en Química. Se desarrolla un nuevo enfoque docente de la Espectroscopia basado en medios audiovisuales y programas de simulación. Los contenidos están relacionados con las principales técnicas espectroscópicas y la simetría molecular, incluyendo: espectros de rotación, espectros de vibración, espectros Raman y espectros electrónicos. Se ha generado material audiovisual incorporándolo a la docencia en el aula y se ha trasladado esa información para los alumnos en las páginas Web de las asignaturas y en el material en CD. Se ha implantado durante el curso 2004-05 y se tiene previsto realizar una encuesta al alumnado para conocer su respuesta al uso de nuevos medios docentes al final del curso.
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Estudiar como el ordenador puede contribuir de una manera eficaz y positiva al progreso educacional atendiendo a varias formas: atendiendo al aprendizaje, en función de su variedad, factor fatiga, relación aprendizaje-proceso mental, enseñanza personalizada, independencia, abstracción. Alumnos de octavo de EGB de los Colegios Santa Ana, compromiso de Caspe y Río Beltrán. Se leen las bases de los proyectos del BOE de 16 de junio. Los temas didácticos a tratar en este proyecto se realizarán atendiendo a criterios pedagógicos de programación en los respectivos centros, así como de confección y ultimación de programas: 1: Reglas de acentuación ortográfica, 2: Formulación Química Inorgánica, 3: Matemáticas de grado inicial. Los grupos serán de una o dos aulas, dependiendo del número de ordenadores. Se pasará un test inicial de selección que se pasará a todos los alumnos de octavo de EGB. Cada programa consta de varias pruebas para poder pasar a la siguiente. Para ello debe adquirir una puntuación de un 90, es decir solo se le permite un fallo de las 10 preguntas que se hacen. Los resultados didácticos se pueden considerar como muy positivos, pues todos los alumnos han mejorado muy sustancialmente en las puntuaciones del segundo test de acentuación. Los resultados motivadores han sido excelentes, no se han podido detectar si esa motivación ha influido en otras asignaturas. Se ha creado un aula de Informática en cada uno de los centros con ánimo de seguir trabajando en este campo. El microordenador hace que el aprendizaje deje de ser pasivo, para convertirse en activo. Se ha llegado a la conclusión que cualquier tipo de aprendizaje es más positivo cuando el propio alumno puede ir aplicando todo lo que va aprendiendo y pueda ir viendo los resultados de su propio trabajo. El alumno se siente importante por el hecho de dejar una impresión suya. Existe una emoción contagiosa al resto de los compañeros en el suceso de ir aprendiendo activamente. El uso de ordenador, debe llevar consigo un cambio de mentalidad en la manera de llevar la clase el profesor, que dejará de ser el centro de atención.
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La presència de la química teòrica i computacional està augmentant en quasi tots els camps de la recerca en química. Els càlculs teòrics poden ajudar a entendre millor l'estructura, les propietats i la reactivitat de compostos metàl·lics d'àrees tan diferents com la química inorgànica, organometàl·lica i bioinorgànica. No obstant això, és imprescindible utilitzar la metodologia adequada per obtenir resultats teòrics fiables. Els estudis d'aquesta tesi es poden dividir en dos grups diferents. El primer grup inclou l'estudi teòric del mecanisme de reacció de diversos sistemes que contenen coure i tenen diferents estructures Cun-O2. Aquests estudies s'han dut a terme amb l'objectiu de profunditzar en la natura dels processos oxidants químics i biològics promoguts per sistemes que contenen coure. En la segona part de la tesi, s'estudia la fiabilitat de diferents tècniques utilitzades per estudiar l'estructura electrònica i la reactivitat de sistemes que contenen coure, ferro i altres metalls de transició.
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The present work reports the study of nanoporous structures, aiming at their use in research directed to the current demand of the petroleum industry to value heavy oil. Initially, two ways were chosen for the synthesis of porous structures from the molecular sieves of type Si-MCM-41. In the first way, the structure MCM-41 is precursory for heteroatom substitutes of silicon, generating catalyst of the type Al-MCM-41 from two different methods of incorporation of the metal. This variation of the incorporation method of Aluminum in the structure of Si-MCM-41 was carried out through the conventional procedure, where the aluminum source was incorporated to the gel of synthesis, and the procedure post-synthesis, where the Aluminum source was incorporated in catalyst after the synthesis of Si-MCM-41. In the second way, the MCM-41 acts as a support for growth of nanocrystals of zeolite embedded in their mesoporous, resulting in hybrid MCM-41/ZSM-5 catalyst. A comparative analysis was carried through characterizations by XRD, FTIR, measures of acidity through n-butylamine adsorption for TGA, SEM-XRF and N2 adsorption. Also crystalline aluminosilicate with zeolitic structure MFI of type ZSM-5 was synthesized without using organic templates. Methodologies to the preparation of these materials are related by literature using conventionally reactants that supply oxides of necessary silicon and aluminum, as well as a template agent, and in some cases co-template. The search for new routes of preparation for the ZSM-5 aimed at, above all, the optimization of the same as for the time and the temperature of synthesis, and mainly the elimination of the use of organic templates, that are material of high cost and generally very toxic. The current study is based on the use of the H2O and Na+ cations playing the role of structural template and charge compensation in the structure. Characterizations by XRD, FTIR, SEM-XRF and N2 adsorption were also conducted for this material in order to compare the samples of ZSM-5 synthesized in the absence of template and those used industrially and synthesized using structuring
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In this work, the structures of LaCoO3, La0,8Ba0,2CoO3 and La0,8Ca0,2CoO3 perovskites were characterized as a function of temperature (LaCoO3 structure being analyzed only at room temperature). The characterization of these materials were made by X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS), in the cobalt K-edge, taking into account the correlated Einstein model X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). The first part of the absorption spectrum corresponded the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). These materials were prepared by the combustion method. The combustion products were calcinated at 900 0C, for 6 hours in air. Noted that the sample LaCoO3 at room temperature and samples doped with Calcium and Barium in the temperature range of 50 K to 298 K showed greater distortion to monoclinic symmetry with space group I2/a. However, the sample doped with barium at the temperatures 50 K, 220 K, and 260 K showed a slight distortion to rhombohedral symmetry with space group R-3c. The La0,8Ca0, 2CoO3 structure was few sensitive to temperature variation, showing a higher local distortion in the octahedron and a higher local thermal disorder. These interpretations were in agreement with the information electronic structural on the XANES region and geometric in the EXAFS region
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The processing of heavy oil produced in Brazil is an emergency action and a strategic plan to obtain self-sufficiency and economic surpluses. Seen in these terms, it is indispensable to invest in research to obtain new catalysts for obtaining light fraction of hydrocarbons from heavy fractions of petroleum. This dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy reports the materials preparation that combine the high catalytic activity of zeolites with the greater accessibility of the mesoporosity, more particularly the HZSM-5/MCM-41 hybrid, done by synthesis processes with less environmental impact than conventional ones. Innovative methodologies were developed for the synthesis of micro-mesoporous hybrid material by dual templating mechanism and from crystalline zeolitic aluminosilicate in the absence of organic template. The synthesis of hybrid with pore bimodal distribution took place from one-single organic directing agent aimed to eliminate the use of organic templates, acids of any kind or organic solvents like templating agent of crystalline zeolitic aluminosilicate together with temperature-programmed microwave-assisted, making the experimental procedures of preparation most practical and easy, with good reproducibility and low cost. The study about crystalline zeolitic aluminosilicate in the absence of organic template, especially MFI type, is based on use of H2O and Na+ cation playing a structural directing role in place of an organic template. Advanced characterization techniques such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Highresolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Adsorption of N2 and CO2, kinetic studies by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Pyrolysis coupled to Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Pyrolysis-GC/MS) were employed in order to evaluate the synthesized materials. Achieve the proposed objectives, has made available a set of new methodologies for the synthesis of zeolite and hybrid micro-mesoporous material, these suitable for catalytic pyrolysis of heavy oils aimed at producing light fraction
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Pós-graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia Aplicadas à Farmácia - FCFAR
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Química - IBILCE