An alternative approach to the prevention of doping in cycling

The article proposes an alternative approach to policies for preventing doping in cycling, based on in-depth analysis of the functioning of nine of the 40 world professional teams and the careers of the 2,351 riders who were or have been professionals since 2005. The first part shows that the instruments of prevention have been based on a questionable understanding of doping as an individual moral fault, and have not produced the expected results. The second part proposes to analyse the ways in which teams and riders produce their achievments, so as to put forward an alternative to the anti-doping policies used hitherto, which have little impact on riders. The study shows that it is more pertinent to examine the forms of employment and the business models, because these have important effects on cycling professionals' conditions of work. It makes it possible to identify three dimensions of the risk of doping on which organisations can act in their antidoping policies: team organisation, riders' preparation and workload, and the precarity of employment.

Thrombin-receptor antagonist vorapaxar in acute coronary syndromes

Background: Vorapaxar is a new oral protease-activated-receptor 1 (PAR-1) antagonist that inhibits thrombin-induced platelet activation. Methods: In this multinational, double-blind, randomized trial, we compared vorapaxar with placebo in 12,944 patients who had acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. The primary end point was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, stroke, recurrent ischemia with rehospitalization, or urgent coronary revascularization. RESULTS: Follow-up in the trial was terminated early after a safety review. After a median follow-up of 502 days (interquartile range, 349 to 667), the primary end point occurred in 1031 of 6473 patients receiving vorapaxar versus 1102 of 6471 patients receiving placebo (Kaplan-Meier 2-year rate, 18.5% vs. 19.9%; hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85 to 1.01; P = 0.07). A composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke occurred in 822 patients in the vorapaxar group versus 910 in the placebo group (14.7% and 16.4%, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.98; P = 0.02). Rates of moderate and severe bleeding were 7.2% in the vorapaxar group and 5.2% in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.58; P<0.001). Intracranial hemorrhage rates were 1.1% and 0.2%, respectively (hazard ratio, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.78 to 6.45; P<0.001). Rates of nonhemorrhagic adverse events were similar in the two groups. Conclusions: In patients with acute coronary syndromes, the addition of vorapaxar to standard therapy did not significantly reduce the primary composite end point but significantly increased the risk of major bleeding, including intracranial hemorrhage. (Funded by Merck; TRACER ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00527943.)

De flore scientiarum in patria promovendo

Invocatio: D.D.

Liiketaloustiede

Liiketaloustieteen pääkokoelma sijaitsee pääkirjastossa (Linnassa), jossa painettu yleis- ja käsikirjastokokoelma koostuu noin 10000 nimekkeestä monografioita (painettujen monografiasarjojen osat mukaan lukien). Monografiakokoelmasta kartoitettiin yhdeksän osa-aluetta. Johtamista käsitteli 29 % kirjoista (2930 nimekettä), joten se oli selvin painopisteala. Organisaatiota käsitteli 18 % (1751 nimekettä); kauppaa, markkinointia, mainontaa, asiakaspalvelua 16 % kirjoista (1573 nimekettä); yrittäjyyttä, yrityksen kehitysvaiheita ja yrityksen kokoa 12 % kirjoista (1225 nimekettä); sekä henkilöstöjohtamista 11 % (1102 nimekettä). Laskentatoimen (9 % / 910 nimekettä); materiaalitalouden, logistiikan ja tuotekehityksen (9 % / 862 nimekettä); yrityksen talouden (6 % / 595 nimekettä); sekä suhdetoiminnan ja organisaatioviestinnän (3 % / 296 nimekettä) osuudet kirjakokoelmasta olivat pienehköjä. Käsikirjaston noin 110 nimekkeen kokoelma sisälsi bibliografioita (12 nimekettä), alan standardeja, sanastoja, sanakirjoja, lyhennesanakirjoja, käsikirjoja, hakuteoksia ja hakemistoja sekä liikekirjeiden ja asiakirjojen oppaita. Painettuja lehtiä oli 16 nimekettä (Tilintarkastus – Laskentatoimi, Kauppalehti, Tilisanomat, Kauppalehti Optio, Fakta: talous ja tekniikka tänään, Liiketaloudellinen aikakauskirja, Ekonomi : Ekonomiuutiset – Ekonomnytt, Kuluttaja, Yrittäjä: suomalaisen yrittäjän ammattilehti, Markkinointi ja mainonta, Kehittyvä kauppa, Retail digest, Service industries journal, Myynti & markkinointi, KM Kaupan maailma ja Tampereen kauppakamari). Sähkökirjoja kokoelmassa oli yhteensä 1421 nimekettä: 11 suomalaista verkkokirjaa WSOYpro – yritysonline –tietokannassa; 13 kirjaston ostamaa verkkokirjaa WSOYpro – organisaation verkkokirjat –tietokannassa; 1311 nimekettä (subject-haulla Business) Ebrary –tietokannassa; 17 nimekettä NetLibrary -tietokannassa ja 69 liiketaloustieteen käsikirjaa Nellin E-käsikirjastossa. Verkkolehtiä kokoelmassa oli n. 691. Tietokantoja oli 14, joista kokotekstilehtiä EBSCOhost Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost Business Search Elite, Emerald Journals, JSTOR, Sage Premier, ScienceDirect, Wiley Interscience, Scientific Journals International (Open Access aineisto) ja viitetietokantoja Econlit (Ebscohost), Helecon Classic, Helecon Mix, Helecon Scima, Helecon tietokanavat ja KULTU (kuluttajatutkimuksen tietokannat).

L'Univers

1870/05/13 (Numéro 1102).

L'Univers

1870/05/14 (Numéro 1102).

Coercion, Perceived Care and Quality of Life Among Patients in Psychiatric Hospitals

The goals of the study were to describe patients’ perceptions of care after experiencing seclusion/restraint and their quality of life. The goal was moreover to identify methodological challenges related to studies from the perspective of coerced patients. The study was conducted in three phases between September 2008 and April 2012. In the first phase, the instrument Secluded/ Restrained Patients’ Perception of their Treatment (SR-PPT) was developed and validated in Japan in cooperation with a Finnish research group (n = 56). Additional data were collected over one year from secluded/restrained patients using the instrument (n = 90). In the second phase, data were collected during the discharge process (n = 264). In the third phase, data were collected from electronic databases. Methodological and ethical issues were reviewed (n = 32) using systematic review method. Patients perceived that co-operation with the staff was poor; patients’ opinions were not taken into account, treatment targets collated and treatment methods were seen in different ways. Patients also felt that their concerns were not well enough understood. However, patients received getting nurses’ time. In particular, seclusion/restraint was considered unnecessary. The patients felt that they benefited from the isolation in treating their problems more than they needed it, even if the benefit was seen to be minor. Patients treated on forensic wards rated their treatment and care significantly lower than in general units. During hospitalization secluded/restrained patients evaluated their quality of life, however, better than did non-secluded/restrained patients. However, no conclusion is drawn to the effect that the better quality of life assessment is attributable to the seclusion/restraint because patients’ treatment period after the isolation was long and because of many other factors, as rehabilitation, medication, diagnostic differences, and adaptation. According to the systematic mixed studies review variation between study designs was found to be a methodological challenge. This makes comparison of the results more difficult. A research ethical weakness is conceded as regards descriptions of the ethical review process (44 %) and informed consent (32 %). It can be concluded that patients in psychiatric hospital care and having a voice as an equal expert require special attention to clinical nursing, decision-making and service planning. Patients and their family members will be consulted in plans of preventive and alternative methods for seclusion and restraint. The study supports the theory that in ethical decision-making situations account should be taken of medical indications, in addition to the patients’ preferences, the effect of treatment on quality of life, and this depends on other factors. The connection between treatment decisions and a patient’s quality of life should be evaluated more structurally in practice. Changing treatment culture towards patients’ involvement will support daily life in nursing and service planning taking into account improvements in patients’ quality of life.

A majority of Brazilian patients with rheumatoid arthritis HLA-DRB1 alleles carry both the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope and anti-citrunillated peptide antibodies

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of the shared epitope (SE), the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) protection model, and the occurrence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies in RA patients from a genetically diverse population. One hundred and forty Brazilian RA patients and 161 matched controls were typed for HLA-DRB1 alleles using amplified DNA hybridized with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes or primers. Patients were stratified according to the presence or absence of SE (DRB1*0401, *0404, *0405, *0101, *1001, and *1402), of the DERAA alleles (DRB1*0103, *0402, *1102, *1103, *1301, *1302, and *1304), and X (all other alleles). Anti-CCP antibodies were measured by ELISA. The combined frequency of SE-positive alleles was significantly greater (76.4 vs 23.6%, P < 0.0001) than the controls. The SE/SE and SE/X genotypes were over-represented (P < 0.0001, OR = 6.02) and DERAA/X was under-represented in RA patients (P < 0.001, OR = 0.49), whereas the frequencies of the SE/DERAA, X/X and X/DERAA genotypes were not significantly different from controls. The frequency of anti-CCP antibodies was higher in SE-positive patients than in SE-negative patients (64.6 vs 44.7%, P = 0.03; OR = 2.25). Although the Brazilian population is highly miscegenated, the results of this study support the findings observed in most genetically homogeneous populations with RA; however, they are not mutually exclusive but rather complementary. The participation of DRB1-DERAA alleles in protection against RA was also observed (OR = 0.4; 95%CI = 0.23-0.68).

Le Petit journal. Supplément du dimanche

1911/12/31 (Numéro 1102).

L'Écho de Paris

1887/03/22 (Numéro 1102).

« Livre de fortune et de felicité estrait de BOECE, de Consolation », traduction en vers [par RENAUD] « DE LOUENS ».

Commençant par : « Quar bien scay que ceste ordenance Po vault ad ce que je appose... » et finissant par : « Qui cest petit romans a fait Et li perdoint tout son meffait » . Incomplet au commencement.