999 resultados para minorities - Muslims - Mandingo - Finland
Resumo:
Terveysteknologia vastaa alana terveydenhuollon kuluhaasteisiin, jotka ovat syntyneet populaation kasvun ja elintasosairauksien yleistymisen myötä. Terveysteknologiainnovaatioiden voidaan nähdä tarjoavan ratkaisuja keskeisiin kansantaloudellisiin ongelmiin, joita valtiot kohtaavat tänä päivänä edellä mainittujen haasteiden edessä. Yleisesti terveydenhuoltoon liittyvät innovaatiot ovat olleet pitkien tuotekehitysprosessien aikaansaamia kansantaloudellisesti merkityksellisiä, mutta kalliita innovaatioita. Nyttemmin terveysteknologiainnovaatiot voivat olla luonteeltaan markkinaa muuttavia siten, että ne mahdollistavat edullisemman ja tehokkaamman hoidon samaan aikaan. Näitä innovaatioita ei ole kuitenkaan tutkittu tieteellisellä tasolla kovinkaan laajasti ja tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on täyttää tutkimusaukkoa, joka on syntynyt teknologian kehityksen tuloksena. Laajan teoreettisen katsauksen, kvalitatiivisen esitutkimuksen ja kvantitatiivisen kyselytutkimuksen avulla syvennyttiin terveydenhuollon alaan ja luotiin malli, jonka avulla voidaan mitata terveysteknologiainnovaation omaksumispäätökseen vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli valittujen metodien avulla kartoittaa markkinaa muuttavan terveysteknologiainnovaation omaksumispäätökseen vaikuttavat tekijät ja selvittää innovaation omaksujien näkemys näiden tekijöiden vaikutuksesta innovaation omaksumispäätökseen Euroopan markkinalla. Tutkimus valotti innovaation omaksumispäätökseen vaikuttavia tekijöitä silmälääkärien näkökulmasta. Yllättäen tuloksista kävi ilmi, että luonteeltaan markkinaa muuttava innovaatio koettiin kohderyhmässä paremmaksi hoitomenetelmäksi kuin alalla vakiintuneet perinteiset hoitomenetelmät. Teorian ja esitutkimuksen avulla kootusta tekijäluokittelusta, joka koostui neljästä pääluokasta (innovaatioon liittyvät tekijät, ulkoiset tekijät, organisatoriset tekijät ja sisäiset tekijät) keskeisimmiksi tekijöiksi omaksumispäätöksen todennäköisyyden kannalta nousi kuusi tekijää. Ne olivat: verkoston ulkoisvaikutukset, organisaation innovatiivisuus, organisatoriset fasilitaattorit, sosiaaliset vaikutteet, asenne innovaatiota kohtaan ja henkilökohtainen innovatiivisuus. Tarkastelemalla keskeisten tekijöiden sisältöä ja analysoimalla tuloksia vasten aiempaa tutkimusta ja esitutkimuksen olettamuksia, voidaan tuloksista päätellä, että markkinaa muuttavan terveysteknologiainnovaation kannalta innovaatiota kaupallistavan yrityksen tulee keskittyä ulkoisiin, organisatorisiin ja sisäisiin tekijöihin. Kaiken voidaan kuitenkin nähdä lähtevän omaksujien positiivisesta asenteesta innovaatiota kohtaan, joka vaikutti tuloksienkin perusteella
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Arkit: A-B8 C4.
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Imprimatur: C. E. Ekelund.
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This study explores swords with ferrous inlays found in Finland and dating from the late Iron Age, ca. 700–1200 AD. These swords reflect profound changes not only in styles and fashion but also in the technology of hilts and blades. This study explores how many of these kinds of swords are known from Finland, how they were made and where, what their status was in Late Iron Age Finland, and where the Finnish finds stand in accordance with other areas of Europe. The various methods included measuring of the finds and statistics. The main method of revealing the inlaid marks was radiography due to its non-destructive nature. In cases where inlays were visible without radiography, their details were inspected via microscopy. To study the materials and manufacture of inlaid swords, a sample of them was metallographically analysed to determine the forging technologies and nature of used materials. Furthermore, the manufacture was also studied with experimental approaches. As a result, a catalogue of 151 swords with ferrous inlays was created. This number is relatively high compared with other European countries, although systematic studies have been conducted in only some countries. The inlaid motifs were classified into five distinct categories to help the classification. To summarize, almost every documented inlaid sword was unique in some respect including measurements, inlaid motifs and materials of blades and inlays. Technological variation was also present, some blades being poorer and some of higher quality in spite of the inlaid motifs. Misspelt inscriptions as well as letter-like marks were common in Finland and also in Scandinavia. Furthermore, the provenance of iron and steel used in some blades hints at Scandinavian ores. The above observations, along with the experimental results indicating the existence of multiple alternative techniques of inlaying, suggest that these swords were manufactured locally in Scandinavia, most likely in imitation of Continental European models. Inlaid swords were valued partly for their assumed functionality in combat, as evidenced by damage on some examined blades, or they were valued for their inlays, which could have had fashionable or symbolical meanings bound to local beliefs.
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This thesis aims to provide insight into the social-business tensions the social enterprises face in their operation and how they manage them. The social-business tensions are examined from four theoretical perspectives using triangulation approach. The theoretical lenses chosen are organizational identity, stakeholder theory, paradox theory and institutional theory. The theories aim to clarify, how the tensions are formed, how they appear and how they are managed in social enterprises. One viewpoint of this thesis is to examine the competence of these theories in explaining the social-business tensions in practise. The qualitative data was collected by interviewing persons from the management of two social enterprises. The empirical evidence of this thesis suggests that the appearing of social-business tensions varies between the social enterprises and they can be seen both as an advantage and as a challenge. Most of the social-business tensions arise from the enterprise’s multiple incoherent objectives, their stakeholders’ various demands and the differing understanding of the company’s central operation among the members of the organization. According to this thesis, the theories of organizational identity, stakeholder, paradox and institution are all able to provide unique insight into the identification and management of the social-business tensions. However, the paradox theory turned out to be the most abstract of the theories and thus being the farthest from the practise.
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Finnish Defence Studies is published under the auspices of the National Defence College, and the contributions reflect the fields of research and teaching of the College. Finnish Defence Studies will occasionally feature documentation on Finnish Security Policy. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily imply endorsement by the National Defence College.
Resumo:
Finnish Defence Studies is published under the auspices of the National Defence College, and the contributions reflect the fields of research and teaching of the College. Finnish Defence Studies will occasionally feature documentation on Finnish Security Policy. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily imply endorsement by the National Defence College.
Resumo:
Finnish Defence Studies is published under the auspices of the National Defence University, and the contributions reflect the fields of research and teaching of the University. Finnish Defence Studies will occasionally feature documentation on Finnish Security Policy. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily imply endorsement by the National Defence University.