Medida indireta da clorofila e sua relação com o manejo da adubação nitrogenada em plantas cítricas fertirrigadas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aplicação de tensoativos não iônicos na recuperação de fluidos de perfuração poliméricos

The drilling fluid used to assist in the drilling operation of oil wells, accumulates solids inherent in the formation as it is circulated in the well, interfering in the fluid performance during operation. It is discarded after use. The disposal of these fluids causes one of the most difficult environmental problems in the world. This study aims to promote liquid phase separation of drilling fluids, which have circulated in oil wells, and enable this recovered liquid to formulate a new fluid. For this, non-ionic surfactants were used in order to select the best outcome in phase separation. Five real water-based drilling fluids were utilized, which were collected directly from the fields of drilling oil wells, classified as polymeric fluids. The methodology used consisted in combining the fluid with surfactant and then subjecting it to a process of centrifugation or decantation. The decantating tests were scheduled through experimental planning 23 and 32, using as variables the percentage (%) of surfactant utilized and the stirring time in minutes. The surfactants used were ethoxylated nonylphenol and lauryl alcohol ethoxylated with different degrees of ethoxylation. Phase separation was monitored first by tests of stability, and subsequently by the height of the interface in beakers of 100 mL. The results showed that from the surfactants studied, the lauryl alcohol ethoxylated with 3 ethoxylation units has been the most effective in the phase separation process of the drilling fluids tested. The statistical tool used was of great industrial value regarding the programming phase separation in drilling fluids. In conclusion, the liquid phase separated using surfactant can be reused for a new formulation of drilling fluid with similar properties of a new fluid, assuring its efficiency. And in the resulting analysis it is also suggested that the adsorption is the mechanism that leads the phase separation, with surfactant adsorbing in the active solids

Otimização de um sistema de distribuição predial de água fria: estudo de caso

This dissertation presents a methodology to the optimization of a predial system of cold water distribution. It s about a study of a case applied to the Tropical Buzios Residential Condominium, located in the Búzio s Beach, Nísia Floresta city, the east coast of the Rio Grande do Norte state, twenty kilometers far from Natal. The design of cold water distribution networks according to Norm NBR 5626 of the ABNT - Brazilian Association of Techniques Norms, does not guarantee that the joined solution is the optimal solution of less cost. It s necessary the use of an optimization methodology, that supplies us, between all the possible solutions, the minimum cost solution. In the optimization process of the predial system of water distribution of the Tropical Búzios Condominium, is used Method Granados, that is an iterative algorithm of optimization, based on the Dynamic Programming, that supplies the minimum cost s network, in function of the piezometric quota of the reservoir. For the application of this Method in ramifies networks, is used a program of computer in C language. This process is divided in two stages: attainment of the previous solution and reduction of the piezometric quota of headboard. In the attainment of the previous solution, the minors possible diameters are used that guarantee the limit of maximum speed and the requirements of minimum pressures. The piezometric quota of headboard is raised to guarantee these requirements. In the second stage of the Granados Method, an iterative process is used and it objective is to reduce the quota of headboard gradually, considering the substitution of stretches of the network pipes for the subsequent diameters, considering a minimum addition of the network cost. The diameter change is made in the optimal stretch that presents the lesser Exchange Gradient. The process is locked up when the headboard quota of desired is reached. The optimized network s material costs are calculated, and is made the analysis of the same ones, through the comparison with the conventional network s costs

São Vicente (RN) nos primeiros anos da TV: Memória, sociabilidade e cotidiano

The present work aims to reflect on the everyday and its Vincentian practices of sociability in the early years of the presence of television in the city of São Vicente (RN), from the memories of the protagonists who witnessed the first insertion of TV set sin the beginning sof 1970s.Thus, the research was guided by some questions deemed relevant to the study in order to understand the most significant changes in the daily Vincentian boosted by the arrival of television in some private houses, which soon became a meeting place, recreation and sociability. At that time, filled the role of TV unites and brings people together. These houses, reinvented in spaces of sociability, were sanctioned by the various actors who gathered daily to include television programming. This popularity of television was measured by the joint efforts of people who moved their homes to homes that had this technical device. Each home with their uniqueness sand peculiarity, which attracted the population frequency f these spaces were frequent. Of course people still sit on the sidewalks, to be held the night rides in the streets and square, but soon came to the program schedule Preferred came into leaving their homes or to homes that had TV, watch them in the design of audiovisual programs. We use the oral memory as the principal methodology in order to interpret the memories recounted by people who lived in that time period studied. For this purpose we constructed a narrative that highlights the categories memory, media, social practices, everyday life and thus has the theoretical and methodological contributions of authors of humanities and social sciences its main foundation. In field research in the use of in-depth interviews, since the narratives of our research is interviewed. The importance of a study of such order, is not only in understanding the TV as an essential mediator for the interaction of individuals in society, from 1970 in São Vicente (RN), but also for the unveiling of his relationship with the daily routines of the Vincentians, founded in environments and symbols that regulated the conduct and reordered the social practices and sociability of these subjects. In this sense, the making of a work on the presence of TV in the city of São Vicente (RN) is also of paramount importance for the history of this media at the national level, since this is nothing more than a set of multiple stories

Interação no rádio: a participação do ouvinte no programa debates do povo

The radio is just not seen as conveying information, but a media able to establish ways that generate certain direction. We see an inclusion of the listener in the construction of programs, is exposing their life stories, commenting on facts, answering questions, choosing subjects and participating in some form of radio programming. This insertion of the listener in radio programs is generally thought of as a constituent element of the message. This study aims to analyze the participation of the listener and the forms of interaction in the " Debates of the People" that thirty- past two years is the schedule for CBN Fortaleza. The investigation was conducted through observation in studio, interview, transcription, content analysis and association analysis. This is a qualitative and quantitative research while. We found that the listeners of the program had no acceptance of interactive tools such as the Internet and social networks to make their holdings. In clipping analyzed, we noted that the participation of the listener was selected according to their relationship and proximity to the topic discussed. Also detected that the opinion is superior to the listener questions on the topic. The presenter has the function to put the questions in the listener program. Among the public comments are questions and opinions on the subject and speaks of the debaters. Among the authors, use Barbosa (2009 ), Ferraretto (2007 ), Lopez (2010 ), Ortriwano (2001 ), Peruzzo (2004 ), Prata (2009 ), Primo (2006 ), Thompson (2009 ), among others

Validação do questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) através da acelerometria em idosas

Physical activity is one of the main components of a healthy lifestyle, responsible for many health benefits. Despite being considered important for both disease prevention and health promotion there is high prevalence of sedentary behavior in the elderly population. Questionnaires are practical and feasible instruments for assessing levels of physical activity. However, they may have limitations in older age ranges. Accelerometers, movement sensors that make physical activity data more objective, emerge as reliable measuring devices. Aim: Determine the validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) adapted for elderly with accelerometry in elderly women. Methods: 57 elderly women, with mean age of 66.05 ± 5.98 years who took part in hypertension control and physical activity incentive programs were assessed in relation to objective and subjective measures of physical activity. The accelerometer was used for 07 consecutive days, 24 hours per day before the IPAQ was applied. Data were analyzed using measures of central tendency and dispersion to characterize the sample according to variables collected. To check the validity of the data we used the Spearman correlation test, considering a significance level of p <0.05. Results: With respect to the categories of physical activity obtained by IPAQ, 46.4% developed moderate physical activity, followed by a high (30.3%) and low level (23.2%). There was a negative correlation only between self-reported time spent sitting and time spent on light activities as measured by accelerometry (r = - 0.408; p = 0.003) and mean activity level (counts/min) with physical activity levels evaluated by IPAQ (r = 0.297; p = 0.036). Conclusion: The IPAQ used in elderly women shows moderate to low validity levels according to accelerometry measures. Assessment of sedentary activities exhibited acceptable levels compared to accelerometry; however, moderate (r = 0.096; p > 0.05) to vigorous (r = 0.098; p > 0.05) activities were not correlated, demonstrating the inability of IPAQ to evaluate this type of activity in elderly women

Tradução, adaptação cultural e avaliação psicométrica da prova cognitiva de leganés em uma população idosa brasileira com baixo nível de escolaridade

Introdução: The scales of cognitive screening are important tools for early detection of dementia, creating the possibility of developing measures to slow this process and assist in the management of the disease. Objective: To validate the Leganés Cognitive Test (Prueba Cognitive de Leganés) (PCL) for cognitive screening in low educated elderly Brazilians. Methods: The study sample was composed of 59 elderly residents from the city of Santa Cruz, Brazil with low schooling levels. Reliability was analyzed with a 2-day interval between assessments, and concurrent validity was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: According to the PCL, the prevalence of dementia was 11.8%. The scale items showed a moderate to strong correlation between domains (p <0.01), and inter-rater reliability exhibited ICC = 0.81, 95% CI (0.72-0.88). Factor analysis resulted in two factors: memory and orientation. Interscale agreement was considered poor (k = - 0.02), supporting the hypothesis of an educational impact on final MMSE scores. Conclusion: The results suggest that PCL has acceptable levels of reliability for use in low educated elderly Brazilians

Tradução, adaptação cultural e propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Short-Form of the Mobility Assessment Tool (MAT-sf)

Objectives: to translate and assess the psychometric properties of the Brazilian short-form of the Mobility Assessment Tool (MAT-sf) in Brazilians community elderly. Methds: the 12 items MAT-sf went through the process of translation and back translation into Portuguese of the Brazil, considering the semantic and cultural adaptation. In a sample of 150 aged 65-74 years living in the community, the instrument's psychometric properties were evaluated by analysis of convergent and construct validity and test-retest reliability. The main outcomes measures used for validation included in the battery of tests of physical ability, self-repor measures of functional limitations, health, depression, cognitive and sex. The test-retest reliability of the instrument was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), 40 subjects were reassessed after an interval of 14 days of assessment. Results: the concurrent validity for the MAT-sf was evidenced by significant correlations with SPPB (r = 0,53), number of functional limitations (r = -0,62) and depressive symptoms (r = -0,45). The construct validity of the instrument was measured by gradual and significant increase of the MAT-sf scores with high levels of physical performance and with positive self-reported health, also found that MAT-sf scores were statistically differents according to sex. The variation in MAT-sf scores (R2 = 0,41) was explained by SPPB, number of limitations for activities of daily life and depressive symptoms. High values for test-retest reliability was evidencend by ICC = 0,94, 95% CI = 0,90 0,97. Conclusions: the Brazilian version of the short-form of the Mobility Assessment Tool has values of validity and reliability to ensure its use in elderly populations living in communities

Fluxo de potência ótimo reativo via método da função lagrangiana barreira modificada

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)