Rastreabilidade das referências metrológicas em dose absorvida na água do Programa de Qualidade em Dosimetria

OBJETIVO: Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar a estrutura solidamente estabelecida de rastreabilidade dos padrões ionométricos e do sistema de medidas com dosímetros termoluminescentes, como parte da confiabilidade do Programa de Qualidade em Dosimetria (PQD), que visa a garantir o mais elevado nível de exatidão às suas medidas. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: A exemplo de outros programas, usaram-se dosímetros termoluminescentes (DTL 937) na forma de pó, colocados em uma cápsula de plástico, em "kits" específicos para cada aplicação, os quais foram enviados, por via postal, aos centros participantes. RESULTADOS: Os resultados da intercomparação realizada entre o Laboratório de Ciências Radiológicas da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e o EQUAL-ESTRO para o feixe de raios gama de 60Co, expressos para (1sigma), e os resultados das medidas de dose absorvida, obtidos com as câmaras dp Programa EQUAL e as câmaras do PQD, apresentaram discordância menor que 0,5%. CONCLUSÃO: Dos resultados conclui-se que o PQD alcançou o nível desejado de confiabilidade, necessário à implementação do Programa.

Guía de turismo de Viladecans

Se pretende realizar una aplicación que ponga al alcance del ciudadano de la población de Viladecans, o cualquier eventual visitante, toda la información sobre patrimonio cultural, patrimonio natural y eventos que ocurran en la ciudad, de manera que sea de gran utilidad para poder visitarla y disfrutar de ella.

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de recobrimentos de Ni-Co e de seus óxidos mistos para a produção de oxigênio por eletrólise alcalina da água

This paper describes the development and characterisation of Ni-Co coatings to be used as anodes in water electrolysis. Chemical oxidation of the surface was performed through thermal treatment at 400ºC for 10 h. The resulting surfaces were analysed by X-ray diffraction, EDX, SEM, cyclic voltammetry and constant current electrolysis. The electrochemical oxidation occurring on bare surfaces during electrolysis promotes the formation of thick oxide layers resulting in loss of activity. In oxidised surfaces the chemical Ni-Co oxide grown during the thermal treatment prevents further oxidation thus retaining their activity towards oxygen evolution. An optimum condition for the growth of mixed oxide with high activity was found for the bath containing 50 g L-1 CoSO4.

Modificação de um micro-extrator de vidro para pré-enriquecimento de traços de pesticidas organoclorados de água para análise por cromatografia gasosa

Two models of a glass micro-extractor were constructed after modification of a model proposed in the literature. The two models were used for the simultaneous extraction and enrichment of organochlorinated pesticides from aqueous matrixes to an organic solution appropriate for the gas chromatographic analysis of the pesticide. It was established that the performance of one of the modified micro-extractors permits the pre-concentration of the pesticides to a level that allow their quantitation at the trace level with electron capture detection. It is thus concluded that the glass micro-extractor is a suitable tool for the sample preparation step in the gas chromatographic analysis of environmental pollutants of the class of pesticides.

Automatização de um destilador d'água

A simple and inexpensive device to automate a water distilling apparatus is shown. It is composed by a magnetic floater placed in the water reservoir and a level control unit, which acts over the heating element circuit. In order to provide water saving, an electromagnetic valve is inserted in the water supply inlet. Some suggestions for the adaptation to other types of equipment are also offered.

Utilização do resíduo líquido de indústria de processamento de suco de laranja como meio de cultura de Penicillium citrinum: depuração biológica do resíduo e produção de enzima

Penicillium citrinum grown in orange juice processing wastes medium under continuous agitation was studied in order to establish optimal conditions (incubation period, incubation temperature, initial pH and nitrogen addition) for biomass and ribonuclease production, as well as, biological depuration of the wastes. Nitrogen addition to wastes medium increased the biomass and ribonuclease production and provides COD reduction. The soy meal shows to be the best nitrogen source. The conditions for a more favorable enzyme and biomass production and COD reduction were initial pH 6.0 and temperature of 27°C. The maximum value obtained for these parameters on optimal conditions of cultivation was 11 U/mL of enzyme, 4 mg/mL of biomass (dry matter) and 55% of COD reduction, in 96 hours of incubation.

Determinação de pesticidas organofosforados em água usando microextração em fase sólida e CGAR-EM

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has been applied to direct extraction of 11 organophosphorus pesticides in water using a 100 mm fiber polydimethylsiloxane. The method was evaluated with respect time of exposure, detection limits (LODs), linearity and precision. The detection limits (S/N = 3) depend of each pesticide and varie about ng/L levels. The linearity was satisfactory with coefficients of correlation usually greater than 0.993. The precision of the method was determined by extraction from 4.0 mg/L aqueous standard with coefficients of variation between 5.7 to 17.2%.