Resposta da assembleia de formigas na interface solo-serapilheira a um gradiente de alteração ambiental

O estudo objetivou avaliar a resposta da assembleia de formigas que nidificam na interface solo-serapilheira a um gradiente de alteração ambiental. O estudo foi realizado em três ambientes com diferentes usos do solo: fragmento florestal, sistema agroflorestal (SAF) e pastagem situados em região de domínio da mata atlântica no sudeste do Brasil. Em cada ambiente foram demarcadas 10 parcelas de 1 m² e todos os ninhos de formigas encontrados foram registrados. Foram encontrados 215 ninhos (103 no fragmento florestal, 64 no sistema agroflorestal e 48 na pastagem), de 31 espécies. O número acumulado de espécies foi maior no fragmento florestal que na pastagem, mas não diferiu do SAF. A composição de espécies foi diferente entre o fragmento florestal e os outros dois ambientes. A riqueza média de espécies de formigas por parcela foi maior no fragmento florestal e menor na pastagem. A quantidade de serapilheira não foi um fator importante para as diferenças na riqueza de espécies. Atividades humanas que reduzam a heterogeneidade da vegetação alteram a composição e diminuem a riqueza de espécies das assembleias de formigas.

Balloniscus glaber (Crustacea, Isopoda, Balloniscidae), a habitat specialist species in a disturbed area of Brazil

ABSTRACT Balloniscus glaber Araujo & Zardo, 1995 (Balloniscidae), a Neotropical Oniscidea, has been recorded historically in environments with low or no human interference. In one of these areas, it was determined as aK-strategist. Recently, however, this species was documented in a disturbed forest within urban limits. The present work revealed that the population in the urban area has high density, high number of ovigerous females and mancae in the population, a long reproductive period, and early sexual maturity. These results suggest that modified environments may provide favorable conditions and that the species is not negatively affected by human influence.

Efficiency and environmental regulation: a 'complex situation'

Production of desirable outputs is often accompanied by undesirable by products that have damaging effects on the environment, and whose disposal is frequently regulated by public authorities. In this paper, we compute directional technology distance functions under particular assumptions concerning disposability of bads in order to test for the existence of what we call ‘complex situations’, where the biggest producer is not the greatest polluter. Furthermore, we show that how in such situations, environmental regulation could achieve an effective reduction in the aggregate level of bad outputs without reducing the production of good outputs. Finally, we illustrate our methodology with an empirical application to a sample of Spanish tile ceramic producers.

Endeudamiento y ciclos políticos presupuestarios: el caso de los ayuntamientos catalanes

Este trabajo de investigación se dirige sobre el ámbito de los gobiernos locales y su objetivo es el de analizar cuál es el papel del endeudamiento en los ciclos políticos presupuestarios, contrastando si, en la utilización de este instrumento financiero, se da una distribución temporal estratégica en torno a las citas electorales, y si la existencia de estos ciclos puede resultar un factor explicativo del endeudamiento acumulado en los gobiernos locales. Para el contraste empírico se utilizan datos presupuestarios de los ayuntamientos catalanes con una población superior a los 10.000 habitantes, para los cuales disponemos de datos durante el periodo 1988-1999, en total 86 municipios. La metodología empleada está basada en una Prueba T para muestras relacionadas.

Efficiency and quality in local government management: the case of Spanish local authorities

This study analyses efficiency levels in Spanish local governments and their determining factors through the application of DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) methodology. It aims to find out to what extent inefficiency arises from external factors beyond the control of the entity, or on the other hand, how much it is due to inadequate management of productive resources. The results show that on the whole, there is still a wide margin within which managers could increase local government efficiency levels, although it is revealed that a great deal of inefficiency is due to exogenous factors. It is specifically found that the size of the entity, per capita tax revenue, the per capita grants or the amount of commercial activity are some of the factors determining local government inefficiency.

Modelo para la idenfiticación de grupos estratégicos basado en el análisis envolvente de datos: aplicación al sector bancario español

Este trabajo explora la formación de grupos estratégicos en el Sector Bancario Español, a partir de una definición alternativa de grupo estratégico (GE). Un GE se define como un conjunto de empresas capaces de responder del mismo modo a perturbaciones. La capacidad de respuesta, o capacidad de adaptar la estrategia competitiva, se define a partir de las relaciones marginales (RM) entre las variables estratégicas (la pendiente de la frontera en un punto), y sirve de base para examinar la presencia de barreras a la movilidad. El Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA) es la herramienta utilizada para el cómputo de las RM, aunque su uso genera dos problemas que son solucionados en este trabajo; la multiplicidad de RM para las empresas situadas en la frontera (líderes estratégicos), y la imposibilidad de encontrar RM para las empresas situadas por debajo de la misma (seguidores estratégicos).

An analysis of strategic paths through the decomposition of total factor productivity: the case of Spanish savings banks

The Spanish savings banks attracted quite a considerable amount of interest within the scientific arena, especially subsequent to the disappearance of the regulatory constraints during the second decade of the 1980s. Nonetheless, a lack of research identified with respect to mainstream paths given by strategic groups, and the analysis of the total factor productivity. Therefore, on the basis of the resource-based view of the firm and cluster analysis, we make use of changes in structure and performance ratios in order to identify the strategic groups extant in the sector. We attain a threeways division, which we link with different input-output specifications defining strategic paths. Consequently, on the basis of these three dissimilar approaches we compute and decompose a Hicks-Moorsteen total factor productivity index. Obtained results put forward an interesting interpretation under a multi-strategic approach, together with the setbacks of employing cluster analysis within a complex strategic environment. Moreover, we also propose an ex-post method of analysing the outcomes of the decomposed total factor productivity index that could be merged with non-traditional techniques of forming strategic groups, such as cognitive approaches.

Disseny de drivers per a targes de transmissió de senyals

L'objectiu del projecte és poder configurar dues targetes que s'instal∙laran al Sincrotró ALBA. Per a això s'ha desenvolupat un driver per a Linux i una interfície gràfica (GUI). Com a introducció a les targetes, la memòria descriu el Sincrotró, i més específicament el sistema de sincronització (timing) on aquestes s'utilitzaran. També descriu el disseny dels drivers per a Linux2.6 i de la GUI, escrita utilitzant el llenguatge Python amb el framework Qt. Finalment, a la memòria s'exposen els problemes i solucions trobats durant la fase de validació del correcte funcionament de les plaques i dels diferents components del projecte.

Una aproximació al pensament algebraic a l'Espanya del segle XVI: estudi del manuscrit 2294 de la Biblioteca de la Universitat de Salamanca

Aquest treball analitza el “Tratado y libro de arte mayor o álgebra” que forma part del manuscrit 2294 de la Biblioteca de la Universitat de Salamanca, datat el 1590. El seu autor és Diego Pérez de Mesa. L’objectiu d’aquest estudi és aportar nous elements que ajudin a entendre quin era l’estatus de l’àlgebra a la Península Ibèrica en un segle que va ser clau en el seu desenvolupament. Primer es descriu el manuscrit i després es reflexiona sobre les seves aportacions a la matemàtica, mostrant algunes característiques originals d’aquesta àlgebra enfront d’altres àlgebres de la Península Ibèrica del segle XVI.

Violence: les femmes font confiance au milieu médical [Partner violence: women trust health professionals]

In 2008, the department of gynaecology and obstetrics of a university hospital centre implemented a program addressing interpersonal partner violence (screening, prevention and care of the patient victims). A qualitative survey was conducted to identify the needs and feelings of patients. The results show that patients are in favour of being actively and directly questioned about violence during the consultation and that they trust medical doctors and nurses to help and support them.

Maladies infectieuses [Infectious diseases]

In 2008, several publications have highlighted the role of climate change and globalization on the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Studies have shown the extension towards Europe of diseases such as Crimea-Congo fever (Kosovo, Turkey and Bulgaria), leismaniosis (Cyprus) and chikungunya virus infection (Italy). The article also contains comments on Plasmodium knowlesi, a newly identified cause of severe malaria in humans, as well as an update on human transmission of the H5NI avian influenza virus. It also mentions new data on Bell's palsy as well as two vaccines (varicella-zoster and pneumococcus), and provides a list of recent guidelines for the treatment of common infectious diseases.