Models and algorithms for detection and tracking of coordinated groups

In this paper, we describe models and algorithms for detection and tracking of group and individual targets. We develop two novel group dynamical models, within a continuous time setting, that aim to mimic behavioural properties of groups. We also describe two possible ways of modeling interactions between closely using Markov Random Field (MRF) and repulsive forces. These can be combined together with a group structure transition model to create realistic evolving group models. We use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)-Particles Algorithm to perform sequential inference. Computer simulations demonstrate the ability of the algorithm to detect and track targets within groups, as well as infer the correct group structure over time. ©2008 IEEE.

Models and algorithms for tracking of maneuvering objects using variable rate particle filters

Standard algorithms in tracking and other state-space models assume identical and synchronous sampling rates for the state and measurement processes. However, real trajectories of objects are typically characterized by prolonged smooth sections, with sharp, but infrequent, changes. Thus, a more parsimonious representation of a target trajectory may be obtained by direct modeling of maneuver times in the state process, independently from the observation times. This is achieved by assuming the state arrival times to follow a random process, typically specified as Markovian, so that state points may be allocated along the trajectory according to the degree of variation observed. The resulting variable dimension state inference problem is solved by developing an efficient variable rate particle filtering algorithm to recursively update the posterior distribution of the state sequence as new data becomes available. The methodology is quite general and can be applied across many models where dynamic model uncertainty occurs on-line. Specific models are proposed for the dynamics of a moving object under internal forcing, expressed in terms of the intrinsic dynamics of the object. The performance of the algorithms with these dynamical models is demonstrated on several challenging maneuvering target tracking problems in clutter. © 2006 IEEE.

Refractive index and thickness analysis of natural silicon dioxide film growing on silicon with variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry

The refractive index and thickness of SiO2 thin films naturally grown on Si substrates were determined simultaneously within the wavelength range of 220-1100 nm with variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. Different angles of incidence and wavelength ranges were chosen to enhance the analysis sensitivity for more accurate results. Several optical models describing the practical SiO2-Si system were investigated, and best results were obtained with the optical model, including an interface layer between SiO2 and Si, which proved the existence of the interface layer in this work as described in other publications.

Fluctuacion poblacional de la broca del fruto del cafeto hypothenemus hampei Ferr. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) en tres localidades de la VI region, Nicaragua

Durante el período de los meses de junio 1989 a febrero 1990, se estudió la fluctuación poblacional de la broca del fruto del cafeto Hypothenemus hampei Ferr. en alturas de 950,1000 y 11SO m.s.n.m en la Región VI de Nicaragua. La temperatura en las localidades del estudio oscila entre 18 y 212 C. Las mayores precipitaciones se registran de junio a noviembre y la menor de diciembre a febrero. Los niveles máximos de infestación de broca oscilaron entre 0.5 y 1.55% de frutos brocados encontrandose mayores niveles en las menores alturas donde se observa que el incremento de la población ocurre entre los 107 y 246 días después de la floración principal (ddfp). En las alturas superiores a 1000 m.s.n.m las infestaciones comienzan incrementarse en fechas tardías (141 ddfp). Sin embargo, dichos niveles decrecen al momento de la cosecha. El desarrollo de los diferentes estadíos de H. hampei resultó diferentes en las localidades estudiadas. La producción de huevos se inicia más temprano en las zonas de menor altitude (78 ddfp) en comparación con zonas de mayor altitud (141 ddfp). Las poblaciones de huevos, larvas y pupas aumentan posteriormente con al número de adultos, alcanzando los máximos valores durante la maduración del fruto y disminuyendo al momento final de la cosecha. H. hampei se reproduce en frutos semiconsistentes, consistentes y maduros, sin embargo, se puede encontrar adultos de broca en los canales de penetración en los frutos en estado lechoso.