Efeitos do exercício aeróbio no músculo esquelético de ratos expostos à fumaça de cigarro

INTRODUÇÃO: Os fumantes sofrem redução da massa muscular e da resistência à fadiga e possivelmente a prática de atividade física contribua positivamente neste quadro. OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar as adaptações da musculatura esquelética frente à interação da prática de atividade física e exposição à fumaça de cigarro. MÉTODOS: 32 ratos machos foram divididos em grupos expostos à fumaça de cigarro, exercitados (G1) e sedentários (G3), e não expostos à fumaça, exercitados (G2) e sedentários (G4). A exposição à fumaça foi realizada mediante combustão de 10 cigarros em uma câmara de inalação durante 30 minutos, duas vezes ao dia, cinco dias por semana, durante 15 dias; o exercício aeróbio foi composto por sessões diárias de 60 minutos de caminhada em esteira, cinco dias por semana. Após o sacrifício, o músculo sóleo foi coletado e seus cortes foram corados pela técnica de HE e submetidos ao método histoquímico NADH-TR. RESULTADOS: O grupo G1 apresentou maior quantidade de alterações musculares, bem como ausência de atividade enzimática, o mesmo ocorrendo no G3, porém com menor intensidade; no G2 foi observado padrão normal para fibras exercitadas, estando as fibras do G4 preservadas. Quanto à morfometria, houve diferença significante para o fator exercício (p = 0,007), enquanto não foram observadas diferenças significantes para o fator exposição à fumaça (p = 0,668) e para a interação exposição à fumaça e exercício (p = 0,077). CONCLUSÃO: A interação entre inalação de fumaça de cigarro e exercício, realizada durante 15 dias em ratos machos Wistar adultos, acentuou as alterações histológicas do músculo sóleo, levando a uma alteração da atividade enzimática e acarretando em aumento do diâmetro das fibras musculares

Avaliação da coluna vertebral: relação entre gibosidade e curvas sagitais por método não-invasivo

Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar o alinhamento, no plano sagital, da coluna de indivíduos com alterações na medida da gibosidade, comparando com um grupo sem alterações; testar a confiabilidade do instrumento utilizado e verificar se existem correlações entre as medidas da gibosidade e os valores das curvaturas vertebrais. Foram avaliados 40 jovens, divididos em grupo controle - ausência ou presença de gibosidades inferiores a 0,5 cm na curvatura torácica e 0,7 cm na lombar (n=20) e, grupo experimental - gibosidades superiores às descritas (n=20). A gibosidade e as curvaturas no plano sagital foram mensuradas com um instrumento adaptado a um nível d'água e o teste de Adams. As coletas foram realizadas em duas datas distintas, nos dois grupos. Após aplicação do teste Mann-Whitney não foi encontrada diferença entre as ocasiões de coletas e, emparelhando-se os grupos, foi encontrada diferença apenas na medida cervical. Na verificação de existência de relação entre as medidas coletadas, foi encontrada correlação linear (Spearmann) no grupo controle - curvatura torácica e gibosidade torácica; em ambos os grupos - curvaturas torácica e lombar; e no grupo experimental - gibosidade torácica e as curvaturas lombar e sacral e, curvatura sacral e curvaturas torácica e lombar. Pôde-se concluir que a medida da gibosidade tem relações com as curvaturas no plano sagital. Por ser um método confiável, simples e acessível, pode ser reproduzido sem altos custos financeiros e sem causar prejuízo à saúde do paciente.

Comparação da pressão plantar e dos sintomas osteomusculares por meio do uso de palmilhas customizadas e pré-fabricadas no ambiente de trabalho

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Effects of two proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in different planes on hamstrings muscles of healthy subjects

Introduction: The proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique (PNF) has been proven to be efficient, since it was found higher gain of joint range-of-motion compared to the classic stretching. This study aimed to perform a comparison between the muscular stretching techniques and the PNF hold-relax on the internal and external sagittal/diagonal plane.Method: Randomly divided in 3 groups by a drawing, 30 healthy male individuals have undergone the test. In group I the hold-relax technique was utilized on the sagittal plane, grupo II receveid hold-relax on the internal and external diagonals, and group III, on which an evaluation was performed, worked as control. All the groups went through tests on the first, fifth and fifteenth day after the application of the different approaches. In this evaluation it was used a Flexis (R) Fleximeter.Result: Group II (diagonal) obtained statistically significant gain of 13.99% in the immediate post-test and post test later obtained a loss of 4.81%, group I (sagittal) showed no statistical difference as the group III (control).Conclusion: We conclude that the technique of PNF in the diagonal plane is effective in the flexibility of the hamstring muscles.

Fractal correlation property of heart rate variability in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background: It was reported that autonomic nervous system function is altered in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We evaluated short-and long-term fractal exponents of heart rate variability (HRV) in COPD subjects.Patients and methods: We analyzed data from 30 volunteers, who were divided into two groups according to spirometric values: COPD (n = 15) and control (n = 15). For analysis of HRV indices, HRV was recorded beat by beat with the volunteers in the supine position for 30 minutes. We analyzed the linear indices in the time (SDNN [standard deviation of normal to normal] and RMSSD [root-mean square of differences]) and frequency domains (low frequency [LF], high frequency [HF], and LF/HF), and the short-and long-term fractal exponents were obtained by detrended fluctuation analysis. We considered P < 0.05 to be a significant difference.Results: COPD patients presented reduced levels of all linear exponents and decreased short-term fractal exponent (alpha-1: 0.899 +/- 0.18 versus 1.025 +/- 0.09, P = 0.026). There was no significant difference between COPD and control groups in alpha-2 and alpha-1/alpha-2 ratio.Conclusion: COPD subjects present reduced short-term fractal correlation properties of HRV, which indicates that this index can be used for risk stratification, assessment of systemic disease manifestations, and therapeutic procedures to monitor those patients.

Effects of a novel fermented soy product on the serum lipids of hypercholesterolemic rabbits

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A potential synbiotic product improves the lipid profile of diabetic rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of a novel soy fermented product enriched with isoflavones and calcium on bone tissue of rats.

The objective was to evaluate the effect of soy fermented product intake on the corporal weight and bone tissue of ovariectomized mature rats. This product was fermented with Enterococcusfaecium and Lactobacillus jugurti and enriched with isoflavones and calcium. The animals were divided in 5 groups: sham-ovariectomized; ovariectomized; ovariectomized treated with soy fermented product enriched with isoflavones and calcium; ovariectomized treated with soy fermented product enriched with calcium and ovariectomized treated with nonfermented product enriched only with calcium. In order to evaluate the effect of the tested product on bone tissue (femur and tibia), the following parameters were analyzed: length; mechanical assay of three points; density (Archimedes principle); mineral content; calcium content; measure of the trabecular widths. The corporal weight of group treated with soy fermented product containing isoflavones and calcium showed no statistical difference from sham-ovariectomized group and trabecular widths tended to have larger than ovariectomized group. However, there was no significant difference to the other evaluated parameters in result of the diverse treatments. Thus, soy fermented product enriched with isoflavones and calcium inhibited the increasing of corporal weight caused by ovariectomy and revealed a tendency to trabecular protection after castration.

Força muscular respiratória e capacidade funcional em idosas hipertensas com sonolência diurna excessiva

The restriction of physical fitness is directly related with hypertension and sleep disorders, while the respiratory muscle strength is associated with hypertension, but the literature is scarce regarding its relationship with sleep disorders and particularly with excessive daytime sleepiness. Objectives: To compare physical fitness and strength of respiratory muscles between people with hypertension with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and non EDS people, those who do not feel excessive daytime sleepiness, in addition to relate aerobics resistance and functional mobility of patients. Methods: An observational, analytical and transversal study, evaluated 32 elderly with hypertension, divided into two groups (EDS and non EDS), in which the following topics were measured; respiratory muscular strength, functional fitness, level of physical activity, level of excessive daytime sleepiness, quality of sleep and intensity of the patients snoring. Results: There was a significant difference in the level of EDS (P=0,00) and quality of sleep (p=0,03), however, the data related to snoring intensity (p=0,18), maximum inspiratory pressure PImax (p=0,39) and maximum expiratory pressure PEmax (p=0,98) did not show any difference. Also, no significant difference was observed concerning physical fitness, presenting p=0,08 for the sitting and getting up test on the chair in 30 ; p=0,54 for the extension and flexing of the elbow test in 30 ; p=0,38 for the walking test 6 ; p=0,38 for the parking gear test 2 , p=0,08 for the sitting and reaching test; p=0,42 for the scratching the back test; p=0,49 for the getting up and walking test; and p=0,62 for the global rate of activity limitation. There was moderate positive correlation between 6MWT and 2MST, r=0,54 (p=0,01) and negative moderate correlation between 6MWT and TUG, r=-0,61 (p=0,000) and between 2MST and TUG, r=-0,60 (p=0,000). Conclusion: The presence of EDS in the hypertension people studied, showed a bad quality of sleep, however this sleepiness did not influence the strength of the respiratory muscles. The physical fitness came out diminished in all hypertension people, regardless of the presence or non presence of sleep disturbance; and there is a close relationship between cardiovascular resistance and physical mobility, since when there is less cardiovascular resistance, there is precarious physical mobility and vice-versa

Análise da função dos músculos do quadril em portadores de síndrome da dor patelofemural

The Patellofemoral pain syndrome is defined as a fore or retro patellar pain and it has multifactorial etiology, where the bad patellar alignment is the most acceptable hypothesis. However proximal factors to the knee, as the debility of the muscles of the hip, have been demonstrated as a contributing factor to the appearing of that syndrome. Purpose: To evaluate if exists a relation between the hip muscles performance and the development of the SDPF. Methods: Thirty women took part in this study. They were divided in two groups; a control group (fifteen asymptomatic subjects) and an experimental group (fifteen subjects with the diagnosis of SDPF). The muscle performance was evaluated in an isokinetic dynamometer, where it was verified the peak torque (PT), PT to body weight, PT time and the agonist/antagonist relation. It was also analyzed the electromyographic activity of the middle gluteus. The data was analyzed by the not paired t test at a significance level of 5%. Results:. Didn t have significant difference to the PT of the abductor muscles (p = 0,46) and lateral rotators of the hip (p = 0,17) between groups. Also didn t have significant difference to the PT values by the body weight, to these muscle groups either (p = 0,10 e p = 0,11, respectively). Didn t have significant difference between the amplitude of the signal (p = 0,05) and the onset of medium gluteus (p = 0,25) between the groups. Conclusion: In the experimental conditions realized, the study didn t demonstrate a relation between performance the hip muscles behavior and the development of the SDPF

Fatores de risco para síndrome metabólica em cadeirantes: jogadores de basquetebol e não praticantes

A atividade física tem sido sistematicamente estudada como fator preventivo no acometimento de enfermidades crônico-degenerativas, especialmente a síndrome metabólica e doenças cardiovasculares. Sedentarismo está relacionado à diminuição ou ausência de parâmetros mínimos de exigência física diária além do estado de repouso, sendo este fortemente associado à redução na condição de saúde dos indivíduos portadores de deficiência física. As respostas metabólicas do organismo mediante a ausência de determinada musculatura, ou sua inatividade pela falta de estímulos, conduzem a diferenças significativas na estruturação da composição corporal. Esta pesquisa teve como objeto o exercício físico regular e a condição de saúde de indivíduos portadores de deficiência física, através da determinação do perfil antropométrico e bioquímico sangüíneo, e ainda pela determinação da prevalência de fatores de risco para síndrome metabólica. Foram estudados 27 homens com paraplegia (T2-L1), portadores de seqüelas de poliomielite ou amputados, divididos em jogadores de basquetebol cadeirantes (JBC) e não jogadores de basquetebol cadeirantes (NJBC). Os JBC apresentaram circunferência de cintura menor comparada aos NJBC, 76,40±8,44 e 89,25±9,73 cm respectivamente (p<0,05). A pressão arterial sistólica foi significativamente maior nos NJBC 123,33±13,70 e 114,00±9,85 mmHg para JBC (p<0,05), não sendo verificada diferença para PAD. Os NJBC apresentaram valores superiores aos JBC para a bioquímica sangüínea de glicemia, TG, CT e frações, exceto para HDL-C (p<0,05). Os indivíduos NJBC apresentaram alta prevalência para fatores de risco da SM, sendo hipertensão arterial prevalente em 58,33% dos indivíduos, dislipidemia de HDL-C presente em 50% e circunferência de cintura acima da normalidade em 41,66%. Os achados do presente estudo sugerem um papel importante do exercício físico na prevenção da síndrome metabólica, embora estudos adicionais devam ser realizados para a melhor compreensão dos mecanismos que promovem a saúde dos deficientes físicos ativos.

Ánálise da capacidade funcional e da distribuição regional da ventilação pulmonar em pacientes com doença de chagas

INTRODUCTION: Cardiac and pulmonary manifestations of the Chagas disease (CD) affect between 20-30% of the infected subjects. The chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) has some peculiarities such as arrhythmias and, especially heart failure (HF) and is potentially lethal due to left ventricular dysfunction. How respiratory disorders, patients get progressive loss of functional capacity, which contributes to a poor quality of life related to disease. Measurements of lung volume by the movement of the chest wall surface are an alternative evaluation of lung function and kinematics of complex thoracoabdominal for these patients. OBJECTIVE: evaluate the kinematics of the thoracoabdominal complex through the regional pulmonary volumes and to correlate with functional evaluation of the cardiorrespiratory system in patients with Chagas disease at rest. MATERIALS AND METHODS: a cross-section study with 42 subjects had been divided in 3 groups, 15 composed for patients with CCC, 12 patients with HF of different etiologies and 15 healthful presented control group. An optoelectronic plethysmography (POE), Minnesota questionnaire, six minute walk test, spirometer and manovacuometer was used. RESULTS: It was observed in the 6MWT where group CRL presented greater distance 464,93±44,63m versus Group HF with 399,58± 32,1m (p=0,005) and group CCC 404±68,24m (p=0,015), both the groups presented difference statistics with regard to Group CRL. In the manovacuometer 54,59±19,98; of the group CCC and 42,11±13,52 of group IC found group CRL presented 81,31±15,25 of the predicted versus, presenting in relation to group CRL. In the POE it observed a major contribution in abdominal compartment in patients with IC if compared like CCC and control groups. On the basis of the questionnaire of quality of life of Minessota, verified a low one groups CCC and IC 43,2±15,2 and 44,4±13,1, respectively (p<0,05) when compared with the control group (19,6±17,31). CONCLUSION: it seems that the patients with CCC possess same functional and respiratory characteristics, observed for the POE, 6MWT, manovacuometer and spirometer to the patients of group HF, being able to consider similar interventions for this complementary group as therapeutical of this neglected disease

LEARNING A COMPLEX MOTOR SKILL FROM VIDEO and POINT-LIGHT DEMONSTRATIONS

The aim of this Study was to compare the learning process of a highly complex ballet skill following demonstrations of point light and video models 16 participants divided into point light and video groups (ns = 8) performed 160 trials of a pirouette equally distributed in blocks of 20 trials alternating periods of demonstration and practice with a retention test a day later Measures of head and trunk oscillation coordination d1 parity from the model and movement time difference showed similarities between video and point light groups ballet experts evaluations indicated superiority of performance in the video over the point light group Results are discussed in terms of the task requirements of dissociation between head and trunk rotations focusing on the hypothesis of sufficiency and higher relevance of information contained in biological motion models applied to learning of complex motor skills

BOUND HYDROGENIC STATES IN A MAGNETIC FIELD: A FINITE-DIFFERENCE APPROACH

A finite-difference scheme is used to calculate bound electronic states of an electron in a hydrogen atom subject to a magnetic field. The numerical results are in good agreement with exact results, in the absence of the magnetic field, and with a two-parameters variational calculation, when the magnetic field is applied.

Assessment of a high-order finite difference upwind scheme for the simulation of convection-diffusion problems

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)