Core Labor Rights

The working paper’s main objective is to explore the extent to which non-compliance to international labor rights is caused by global competition. From the perspective of institutional economics, compliance with core labor rights is beneficial for sustainable development. Nonetheless, violations of these rights occur on a massive scale. The violators usually blame competitive pressures. A number of studies have come to the conclusion that non-compliance does not provide for a competitive edge, thereby denying any economic rationale for non-compliance. While we sympathize with this conclusion, we find that these studies suffer from faulty assumptions in the design of their regression analyses. The assumption of perfect markets devoid of power relations is particularly unrealistic. While workers' rights promise long-term benefits, they may incur short-term production cost increases. On the supply side, the production sites with the highest amount of labor rights violations are characterized by a near perfect competitive situation. The demand side, however, is dominated by an oligopoly of brand name companies and large retailers. Facing a large pool of suppliers, these companies enjoy more bargaining power. Developing countries, the hosts to most of these suppliers, are therefore limited in their ability to raise labor standards on their own. This competitive situation, however, is the very reason why labor rights have to be negotiated internationally. Our exploration starts with an outline of the institutionalist argument of the benefits of core labor rights. Second, we briefly examine some cross-country empirical studies on the impact of trade liberalization (as a proxy for competitive pressures). Third, we develop our own argument which differentiates the impact of trade liberalization along the axes of labor- and capital-intensive production as well as low and medium skill production. Finally, we present evidence from a study on the impact of trade liberalization in Indonesia on the garment industry as an example of a low skill, laborintensive industry on the one hand, and the automobile as an example for a medium skill, capital-intensive industry on the other hand. Because the garment industry’s workforce consists mainly of women, we also discuss the gender dimension of trade liberalization.

Análisis de la relación entre ONG locales e internacionales para afianzar procesos de luchas políticas. Caso de estudio: Colombia Diversa y Human Rights Watch con respecto a la población LGBT entre 2004 – 2008

Esta monografía pretende establecer en que medida la relación entre ONG locales e internacionales ha logrado afianzar procesos de luchas políticas de la población LGBT a partir del estudio de la relación entre Colombia Diversa y Human Rights Watch. Los propósitos particulares que persigue la investigación giran en torno a tres puntos: primero, analizar el surgimiento y la consolidación de Colombia Diversa y el papel de las ONG en el sistema internacional; segundo, analizar la relación entre ONG locales y ONG internacionales, y tercero, analizar el efecto “bumerang” producto de la relación entre ONG nacionales e internacionales. La investigación recoge y aplica el modelo analítico de Margaret Keck y Kathryn Sikkink sobre redes trasnacionales de defensa y lo aplica al caso de estudio de Colombia Diversa y Human Rigths Watch. El estudio detallado del modelo planteado por Keck y Sikkink nos permite reconocer diferentes etapas de lucha, deslocalización e influencia o incorporación que permite mirar un número importante de variables para lograr comprender el trabajo de las ONG. Se espera que el presente texto sirva para que el lector entienda el funcionamiento de las redes trasnacionales de defensa aplicado a un caso poco estudiado, que incluye análisis de dinámicas internas e internacionales. Diferente a lo planteado hasta el momento en los textos que abordan el tema LGBT en Colombia, esta monografía no hace un análisis jurisprudencial fuerte de las sentencias que han reconocido los derechos de las parejas del mismo sexo, por el contrario pretende hacer un análisis amplio de la actuación de las ONG en general, sus acciones e incorporaciones a partir de los postulados del transnacionalismo.

Informed recommender: basing recommendations on consumer product reviews

Recommender systems attempt to predict items in which a user might be interested, given some information about the user's and items' profiles. Most existing recommender systems use content-based or collaborative filtering methods or hybrid methods that combine both techniques (see the sidebar for more details). We created Informed Recommender to address the problem of using consumer opinion about products, expressed online in free-form text, to generate product recommendations. Informed recommender uses prioritized consumer product reviews to make recommendations. Using text-mining techniques, it maps each piece of each review comment automatically into an ontology

Recommender System Based on Consumer Product Reviews

Consumer reviews, opinions and shared experiences in the use of a product is a powerful source of information about consumer preferences that can be used in recommender systems. Despite the importance and value of such information, there is no comprehensive mechanism that formalizes the opinions selection and retrieval process and the utilization of retrieved opinions due to the difficulty of extracting information from text data. In this paper, a new recommender system that is built on consumer product reviews is proposed. A prioritizing mechanism is developed for the system. The proposed approach is illustrated using the case study of a recommender system for digital cameras

INFO2009: Workplace legislation: rights and responsibilities

Slides, scenario and links which discusses the broad scope of workplace legislation. Relevant to the case study exam

Who is the consumer? Who is the reader?

Lecture video slides and also the audio files

Audio of What is the consumer? What is the reader? lecture

Audio of What is the consumer? What is the reader? lecture delivered by Dr Cui Su and Paul Caplan as part of #WSAmacd and #WSAadm remix course

Rights and Ownership online

Legal Issues slides to use as a part of the preparation for exam. Supplement to other existing resources

COMP1205: Digital rights and ownership

links and notes on ownership and digital rights

Big Data: Wrongs and Rights by Andrew Cormack (WAIS Seminar)

Abstract: Big Data has been characterised as a great economic opportunity and a massive threat to privacy. Both may be correct: the same technology can indeed be used in ways that are highly beneficial and those that are ethically intolerable, maybe even simultaneously. Using examples of how Big Data might be used in education - normally referred to as "learning analytics" - the seminar will discuss possible ethical and legal frameworks for Big Data, and how these might guide the development of technologies, processes and policies that can deliver the benefits of Big Data without the nightmares. Speaker Biography: Andrew Cormack is Chief Regulatory Adviser, Jisc Technologies. He joined the company in 1999 as head of the JANET-CERT and EuroCERT incident response teams. In his current role he concentrates on the security, policy and regulatory issues around the network and services that Janet provides to its customer universities and colleges. Previously he worked for Cardiff University running web and email services, and for NERC's Shipboard Computer Group. He has degrees in Mathematics, Humanities and Law.