Desempenho zootécnico dos camarões: Litopenaeus vannamei e Macrobrachium rosenbergii em tanques rede e aquicultura familiar na comunidade de Bebida-Velha, RN

The study aims to evaluate the performance and identify lesions of agonistic interactions of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in different densities cages (chapter 1); compare the growth performance of shrimp M. rosenbergii and Litopenaus vannamei cages (chatper 2); in addition the study aimed at identifying the knowledge and practices of a traditional community of farmers Bebida-Velha, in the city of Pureza / RN, practicing rural family and aquaculture, as well as tracing the community socioeconomic profile and evaluate the management that these farmers use in shrimp farming Macrobrachium rosenbergii (chapter 3). To perform the experiments (chapter 1 and 2) shrimp species L. vannamei and M. rosenbergii were weighed on a digital scale and transferred to cultures in cages. The cages had 1m³, with 5mm mesh between us and were closed on top with screen to avoid predators (birds, insects). The animals remained in adaptation for fifteen days before the start of data collection (each experiment). Both experiments lasted seventy days, totaling eighty-five days cultivation. During the cultures, animals were fed pelleted feed for shrimp at 10% of their biomass with 35% crude protein, offered in feed trays twice a day during the hours (7:00 am and 14:00 pm). The remnants in the tray were removed after 2h of permanence to calculate intake. To determine the performance parameters, some samples were taken every 10 days. The results of both experiments were analyzed using the STATISTIC 7.0 (2004). In Chapter 1 experiment were applied5 treatments were applied with 5 replications each: D5 - 5 animals/m2 ; D10 - 10 animals/m2 ; D15 - 15 animals/m2 ; D20 - 20 animals/m2 ; D25 - 25 animals/m2 . To this, were distributed 25 cages randomly in two masonry nurseries. The end of the experiment the lesions were verified and quantified. The chapter 2 experiment began when the shrimp reached the same age (eighty-four days) and was used the density of 25 shrimp / m2 with 4 repetitions. For the realization of chapter 3 were applied semi-structured interviews by direct approach of Bebida Velha of settlers practicing aquaculture activity, tilapia producers and community shrimp. Data were tabulated and analyzed according to the responses obtained by the participants. Therefore, the amount of damage increased with increasing stocking density. The density of 10 freshwater shrimp/m² showed the best conditions for a better performance in cages. It can be concluded that in cages, the cultivation of species of fresh water shrimp M. rosenbergii had better zootechnical indexes than the cultivation of marine shrimp species L. 9 vannamei. It was possible to verify that the activities of which the interviewees practice guarantee a good quality of life and income for them. We find that respondents have traditional and local knowledge, and also may be interested in the cultivation of the species M. rosenbergii.

Variabilidade acústica e respostas evolutivas a diferentes pressões seletivas no canto de anúncio de anfíbios

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

O turismo de base comunitária como vetor de etnodesenvolvimento: a comunidade Mebêngôkre-Kayapó na Terra Indígena Las Casas - PA

This study aims to analyze the contribution that the future implementation of community-based tourism can provide to Mebengokre-Kayapo, people of the village Tekrejarôti, they re-inhabiting the indigenous land Las Casas, located in southern of Pará, taking into consideration that tourism is as vector of ethnodevelopment, and it can also contribute to the conservation of Sociobiodiversity and local culture through experiences that will enable the realization of acquaintanceship, where there will be sharing of the daily activities of the customs of the local people, and cultural changes, which is the aim between visitors and the community, where these ones can promote the knowledge of non-indigenous people, and to consolidate the ethnic and cultural identity thereof too. Thus, this study guided by the participatory action research, it was used data obtained in 2012, that were results from the application of interviews with the community to make the diagnosis of tourism potential. It is an exploratory and descriptive research about the topic. The field research combined with participant observation, workshops and interviews contributed to it was possible to conduct a depth analysis about the environment studied. This research has the intention to obtain concrete results in the implementation and/or promotion of a cultural practice and environmentally sustainable ruled in organizational processes that permeates the guidelines of community-based tourism, however this depends on the conditions of human and forest resources, and infrastructure conditions in the community, providing in the short and medium terms, social activities and culturally positive for the culture of this people, and providing to long term, environmental and economic landmarks. As result, it was possible to identify that the community with its cultural events, parties and ceremonies being allied to their way of life and taken from their criteria, it is able to work with the tourism within their land and it can makes the tourism, a cultural affirmation opportunity and income generation. But, it concludes that for tourism to become ,in fact, there are required to be carried out some measures, that meets the new Regulatory Instruction IN 3/2015, this IN states that for the community to work with tourism in their land, it is necessary to be prepared a visitation plan that fits the established requirements. This research is constituted as an important tool in building this visitation plan, given that it was done from the community demand and it was conducted in a participatory manner, valuing the horizontal dialogue and the autonomy of this people.

O turismo de base comunitária como vetor de etnodesenvolvimento: a comunidade Mebêngôkre-Kayapó na Terra Indígena Las Casas - PA

This study aims to analyze the contribution that the future implementation of community-based tourism can provide to Mebengokre-Kayapo, people of the village Tekrejarôti, they re-inhabiting the indigenous land Las Casas, located in southern of Pará, taking into consideration that tourism is as vector of ethnodevelopment, and it can also contribute to the conservation of Sociobiodiversity and local culture through experiences that will enable the realization of acquaintanceship, where there will be sharing of the daily activities of the customs of the local people, and cultural changes, which is the aim between visitors and the community, where these ones can promote the knowledge of non-indigenous people, and to consolidate the ethnic and cultural identity thereof too. Thus, this study guided by the participatory action research, it was used data obtained in 2012, that were results from the application of interviews with the community to make the diagnosis of tourism potential. It is an exploratory and descriptive research about the topic. The field research combined with participant observation, workshops and interviews contributed to it was possible to conduct a depth analysis about the environment studied. This research has the intention to obtain concrete results in the implementation and/or promotion of a cultural practice and environmentally sustainable ruled in organizational processes that permeates the guidelines of community-based tourism, however this depends on the conditions of human and forest resources, and infrastructure conditions in the community, providing in the short and medium terms, social activities and culturally positive for the culture of this people, and providing to long term, environmental and economic landmarks. As result, it was possible to identify that the community with its cultural events, parties and ceremonies being allied to their way of life and taken from their criteria, it is able to work with the tourism within their land and it can makes the tourism, a cultural affirmation opportunity and income generation. But, it concludes that for tourism to become ,in fact, there are required to be carried out some measures, that meets the new Regulatory Instruction IN 3/2015, this IN states that for the community to work with tourism in their land, it is necessary to be prepared a visitation plan that fits the established requirements. This research is constituted as an important tool in building this visitation plan, given that it was done from the community demand and it was conducted in a participatory manner, valuing the horizontal dialogue and the autonomy of this people.

Comunidade à mesa: a comensalidade no romance O pai Goriot

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Comunidade à mesa: a comensalidade no romance O pai Goriot

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Percepção ambiental como ferramenta diagnóstica para o processo de integração entre uma unidade de conservação e a comunidade do entorno

It is remarkable the current planet’s situation of degradation and modification of natural assets and the considerable loss of the recovery power inherent to the ecosystems. Concomitant with this, all communities and species are suffering the consequences of these changes without planning. The creation of conservation units (UCs) through the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC) was a concrete action on the deliberateness of halting these processes, which, on the other hand, generated socio-environmental, geo-economical and cultural-political conflict of interests between traditional communities in the vicinity of these units, institutions, governmental entities and society in general. The country’s National Program of Environmental Education (ProNEA) provides the integration of the communities and UCs’ managers in a co-participative administration to solve these conflicts. The principles of Environmental Education (EA) leads the methodology found to change the socio-educational paradigms of traditional teaching, still existing in our society and intrinsically related to environmental problems, which are contrary to the dialogic pedagogy from Paulo Freire, that valorize popular knowledge, pro-active citizenship, as well as contrary to Ecopedagogy, that re-integrate human being on its natural environment, the Earth. One of the tools for starting environmental sensitization is the diagnosis by environmental perception of individuals. In this context, the objective of our work was to identify the environmental perception of Tenda do Moreno community located nearby Pau Furado State Park (PEPF) in Uberlândia – MG. To reach this objective, the research sought, in a first moment, to evaluate the environmental perception of residents of this community through semi-structured interviews applied in their homes and, in a second moment, we evaluated the environmental perception of community’ school students and made Environmental Education intervention activities with the intention to make children aware of the importance of conservation and function of PEPF. Using the Content analysis methodology, we found in nearly 60% of the 118 residents a systemic perception of nature, while approximately 32% expressed an anthropocentric perception. Mixed perceptions were found in 21%. A considerable part of the residents (47 individuals) indicated not knowing the park, although many of them recognize its importance. Among the 46 interviewed students, half expressed an anthropocentric perception of nature, while almost 36% had a systemic view. Seventeen children said they did not know the park and almost half of the students recognize some aspect of the importance of its existence. During the intervention activities, we had huge participation and dedication of students, beyond the massive expression of their personal views and daily experiences. In relation to the ten students that subjected the second evaluation about their environmental perception after the intervention, 80% showed systemic perception and emphasized the importance of conservation and of park. We believe that the continuity of the intervention activities could generate positive perspectives of socio-environmental effective changes in the daily school. Activities lead by Ecopedagogy and that encourage the citizen leadership in the young students are fundamental, while in the community, closer ties and dialog by UC’s managers would be important elements to generate effective change.

O funcionamento da comunidade discursiva constituída em torno das fanfictions

Dans le contexte du cyberespace, il peut voir qu'il ya beaucoup de jeunes qui produisent des histoires de fiction en fonction de leurs univers de fiction préférés; ceux-ci sont les fanfictions. Il est remarqué, encore, qu'il ya, autour de les fanfictions, l'organisation d'une communauté discursive - constituée par des pratiques discursives de ficwriters (producteurs de fanfictions), lecteurs, betareaders (examinateurs de fanfictions) et webmistresses (administrateurs des sites ou des blogs qui publient les fanfictions). Une de ces pratiques, qui est devenu très fréquent, est le manuel de comme de faire des fanfictions. Nous cherchons, dans cette dissertation, à analyser le fonctionnement de la communauté constituée autour de les fanfictions et, plus spécifiquement, comment les ficwriters, que sont membres de cette communauté, traitent des manuels de fanfictions. Le corpus de notre recherche est essentiellement constitué par fanfictions sur Harry Potter, publiée dans les sites Floreios e Borrões et Niah fanfiction, et des textes qui se disent comme " manuel de comme de faire des fanfictions ", trouvé dans les sites et les blogs liée à fanfictions. Pour analyser ces textes, nous nous servons fondamentalement de concepts postulés par Dominique Maingueneau dans les livres Gênese dos Discursos (2008b) et Discurso Literário (2009). Notre hypothèse est que les manuels de fanfictions sont un moyen d'institutionnaliser les signes d'appartenance de communauté discursive formée autour de les fanfictions, et que cette tentative d'institutionnalisation laisse des traces dans le fonctionnement de l'instance de inscripteur: les ficwriters se positionner par rapport à ces manuels – que, dans une certaine mesure, de normaliser l'espace de l'interlangue - pour constituer le code langagier de votre fanfictions, qui affirme les signes d'appartenance dans cette communauté.

Papel da extensão e do trabalho junto à comunidade na formação médica

SILVA, Thiago Demétrio Nogueira Costa e; CORRÊA, Edison José; MARANHÃO, Técia Maria de Oliveira. O papel da extensão e do trabalho junto à comunidade na formação Médica. Revista Eletrônica Pesquisa Médica, v.1, n.3, p.9-13, jul./set. 2007

As lideranças no binómio escola-comunidade educativa: estudo de caso numa escola da RAM

A presente investigação tem como tema central as lideranças no binómio escolacomunidade educativa: Estudo de caso numa escola da RAM. Com este estudo pretendemos analisar e compreender de que forma as lideranças influenciam a relação entre a escola e a comunidade educativa. O seu quadro teórico é constituído por três conceitos principais, a saber: a liderança, a escola e a comunidade educativa. Esta dissertação está estruturada em torno de seis capítulos. Utilizamos para esta investigação o método de estudo de caso, sustentado numa abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. Como técnicas de recolha de dados, optamos por utilizar a entrevista semiestruturada e o inquérito por questionário. Neste sentido, as técnicas de análise de dados aplicadas foram a análise de conteúdo e a triangulação. Foram aplicados inquéritos por questionário, no sentido de identificar qual o estilo de liderança (transformacional, transacional e laissez-faire) praticado pelos presidentes dos órgãos de direção da escola, através das suas próprias perspetivas, bem como das perceções dos seus colaboradores, nomeadamente: diretores de turma, membros do Conselho da Comunidade Educativa e membros do Conselho Pedagógico. Os dados estatísticos foram processados e analisados utilizando o software SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). No entanto, para verificarmos como se operacionalizam essas lideranças na relação escola-comunidade educativa, efetuaram-se entrevistas aos presidentes e vice-presidente, a determinados membros do Conselho da Comunidade Educativa e ao representante de uma instituição parceira. Os resultados da investigação sugerem que o estilo de liderança transformacional é o mais observado nos procedimentos dos presidentes dos órgãos de direção que compõem a escola. Assim sendo, concluímos que as lideranças escolares promovem uma real abertura da instituição à comunidade e viabilizam uma participação coerente e mais ativa dos elementos da comunidade educativa nas dinâmicas escolares. Portanto, o desenvolvimento de projetos e atividades, juntamente com o estabelecimento de protocolos e parcerias, reforçam cada vez mais a relação entre a escola e a comunidade.

Construcción de índices de biomasa para los recursos anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) y jurel (Trachurus murphyi) del Ecosistema de afloramiento peruano usando modelos empíricos basados en información acústica

Los principales recursos pesqueros pelágicos de interés económico en el Perú son anchoveta (Engraulis ringens), jurel (Trachurus murphyi) y caballa (Scomber japonicus) [3]. Para su evaluación, se lleva a cabo cruceros de evaluación acústica en los que se integra información de ecoabundancia y proporción de tallas por especie para obtener valores de biomasa y abundancia. Sin embargo, para especies no objetivo (como jurel), dichos valores resultan poco confiables por la lejanía entre los puntos de muestreo biométrico y acústico. Para resolver este inconveniente, el presente trabajo propuso utilizar modelos empíricos (de tipo GAM y GLM) integrando variables ambientales y de seguimiento de desembarques con la finalidad de generar índices relativos y absolutos para anchoveta y jurel en el período de 1996-2013 dentro del área de las 200 mn frente a la costa peruana. Los resultados obtenidos realzaron la importancia de los lances de comprobación para la obtención de estimaciones robustas de biomasa. Así mismo, se observó que, para anchoveta, los modelos empíricos sí produjeron un buen índice relativo y absoluto, mejorando la utilización de la ecoabundancia por sí sola. Para jurel, sin embargo, el modelo final calibrado resultó en la obtención de un mejor índice relativo. Se recomienda además, la obtención de información de tallas y pesos medios de desembarques para jurel con la finalidad de mejorar las estimaciones de biomasa y abundancia.

Estudo de Casos de Mães Toxicodependentes Internadas numa Comunidade Terapêutica

Esta investigação encontrou a sua fundamentação numa crescente preocupação sobre a questão da toxicodependência, uma problemática complexa, que até aos nossos dias não tem encontrado uma resposta segura para a sua resolução. O fenómeno da toxicodependência é um problema que acontece em toda a dimensão social. Nos últimos anos a incidência do consumo de drogas ilícitas tem aumentado de forma preocupante na nossa sociedade e em particular nas mulheres. Toda esta problemática da toxicodependência adquire dimensões ainda mais complexas e preocupantes nas situações de gravidez e de maternidade. Esta investigação tem como objectivo conhecer e analisar a experiência de vida e os sentimentos de mães toxicodependentes internadas numa comunidade terapêutica. A opção metodológica do estudo incide numa abordagem qualitativa, de natureza descritiva e de orientação fenomenológica, procurando deste modo conhecer melhor a globalidade dos fenómenos e a sua compreensão como experiência, tal como ela é vivida e tal como esta é definida pelas utentes. Entre outras conclusões, destacamos, a emergência de significações existenciais para a mulher a partir da experiência vivida no mundo da droga, assim como os sentimentos e emoções vividos pela experiência da maternidade. O internamento na comunidade terapêutica é vivido como positivo, ressaltando o crescimento pessoal uma vez que esta experiência proporcionou uma reflexão sobre a sua própria vida, perspectivando assim um projecto vida, um recomeçar.

Estudo Preliminar das Propriedades Psicométricas e dos Dados Normativos da Forma Geral das Matrizes Progressivas de Raven numa Amostra da Comunidade

Objetivo: Estudar as propriedades psicométricas e os dados normativos da Forma Geral das Matrizes Progressivas de Raven numa amostra da comunidade da população portuguesa. Método: A amostra é constituída por 697 pessoas (314 homens e 383 mulheres), com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 90 anos. Todos os participantes preencheram uma declaração de consentimento informado e uma bateria de testes neuropsicológicos, incluindo a Forma Geral das Matrizes Progressivas de Raven (FG-MPR), Teste de Memória de 15-Item de Rey, Escala de Autoavaliação de Ansiedade de Zung, Bateria de Avaliação Frontal e Figura Complexa de Rey. Resultados: A média na FG-MPR foi de 44,47 (DP = 10,78). Os resultados demonstraram que todas as variáveis sociodemográficas (idade, sexo, escolaridade, profissão, regiões e tipologia de áreas urbanas), exceto o estado civil, apresentaram ter influência significativa nas pontuações da FG-MPR. A confiabilidade e a estabilidade temporal da FG-MPR revelaram-se adequadas. A análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória mostrou que o modelo para um fator não é adequado. Um modelo a quatro fatores continua a não ser adequado. Conclusão: Os dados do presente estudo sugerem que se trata de um instrumento com potencialidades na sua utilização junto da população portuguesa. / Purpose: To study the psychometric properties and date normative of the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices in a Portuguese community sample. Method: The sample consists of 697 people (314 men and 383 women), aged between 12 and 90 years. All participants filled an informed consent form and a battery of neuropsychological tests, which included Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM), Rey 15-Item Memory Test, Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Frontal Assessment Battery, and Rey Complex Figure Test. Results: The average in RSPM was 44.47 (SD = 10.78). The results showed that all of the sociodemographic variables (age, sex, education, profession, region, and typology of urban areas), with the exception of civil status, showed significant influence on RSPM scores. The reliability and temporal stability of RSPM were adequate. Exploratory and Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model is not better explained by one factor. A two-factor model was not also suitable. Conclusion: The data from this study suggest that it is an instrument with potential for its use among the Portuguese population.