Diagnosis and key of the main families and species of South American Coleoptera of forensic importance

The objective of this paper is to provide diagnosis and keys of the families and species, with illustrations of the main groups. A table of all related species recorded from South America is presented, including the substrate in which they were collected and their geographical distribution. The list comprises 221 species included in 15 families, of which 70% of the species are from Brazil. Scarabaeidae is the most diverse family with 121 species, followed by Staphylinidae with 68. Also we provide one database of Coleoptera species associated with carcasses in South America.

Protectionist but globalised? Latin American custom duties and trade during the pre-1914 belle époque

While it is true that Latin American republics had no rival on maximising revenues from custom collection during the belle époque, this paper shows that Latin American countries were also generous importers, only behind the larger commercial countries of Western Europe in terms of imports per capita. Latin American citizens were much more linked to international trade than citizens of most regions of the world. Their relation to the world economy was tighter both via their imports and their exports relative to their population and income levels. This paper comes to show that there is no contradiction between the high custom collection by the Latin American republics and their high level of interaction with the global economy in the pre-1914 belle époque, although large country differences can be observed when descending from the regional to the national level.

Pseudopsis monica sp. nov. from the western Andes, Peru, with a key to the South American species of Pseudopsis Newman (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pseudopsinae)

Pseudopsis Newman, 1834 is a genus of Pseudopsinae with about 46 species distributed worldwide, five of which have been reported for South America. In this paper P. monica sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on specimens collected in Lima, Peru. A key to South American species of Pseudopsis and a catalog are also provided.

Estudio del Camaron en el Perú 1975-1976

Como resultado de un estudio de aproximadamente dos años en cinco ríos de la Costa Central y Sur del Perú, se presenta información biológico-pesquera de Cryphiops caementarius Molina 1872 (Natantia, Palaemonidae), comprendiendo aspectos de su distribución, bionomía y ciclo vital, población, explotación y manejo. Se hace una descripción y análisis de cada uno de estos aspectos, así como de las condiciones ambientales presentes en los diferentes ríos estudiados.

Geographical deviations in foreign trade statistics: A study into European trade with Latin American Countries, 1925

We have analyzed the spatial accuracy of European foreign trade statistics compared to Latin American. We have also included USA s data because of the importance of this country in Latin American trade. We have developed a method for mapping discrepancies between exporters and importers, trying to isolate systematic spatial deviations. Although our results don t allow a unique explanation, they present some interesting clues to the distribution channels in the Latin American Continent as well as some spatial deviations for statistics in individual countries. Connecting our results with the literature specialized in the accuracy of foreign trade statistics; we can revisit Morgernstern (1963) as well as Federico and Tena (1991). Morgernstern had had a really pessimistic view on the reliability of this statistic source, but his main alert was focused on the trade balances, not in gross export or import values. Federico and Tena (1991) have demonstrated howaccuracy increases by aggregation, geographical and of product at the same time. But they still have a pessimistic view with relation to distribution questions, remarking that perhaps it will be more accurate to use import sources in this latest case. We have stated that the data set coming from foreign trade statistics for a sample in 1925, being it exporters or importers, it s a valuable tool for geography of trade patterns, although in some specific cases it needs some spatial adjustments.

Variación estacional e interanual de la biomasa fitoplanctónica y concentraciones de clorofila A, frente a la costa peruana durante 1976 - 2000

La distribución de las diversas masas de agua influyó en los patrones espaciales y temporales de los volúmenes de fitoplancton y clorofila a. Los eventos EN fueron negativos para la producción primaria, registrándose valores <1,0 mL/m3, y las especies oceánicas son las más abundantes. Los periodos fríos o "la Niña" favorecieron la biomasa fitoplanctónica alcanzando volúmenes promedio >3,0 mL/m3; la composición del fitoplancton también varía en periodos fríos, con ampliación de las áreas de afloramiento y dominan especies pequeñas de alta tasa de reproducción de las primeras fases de la sucesión. Se observaron cambios significativos entre 1976-1987 y entre 1988-1999, asociados a periodos de baja y alta producción primaria.

El reclutamiento en la anchoveta peruana y su dependencia de la población adulta en los años 1961-1976

Dentro de la problemática del nivel de reclutamiento de la anchoveta peruana, el estudio se desarrolla principalmente en el nivel de reproducción, distribución y concentración de población desovante. Desde los primeros modelos enunciados para describir la dinámica de las poblaciones de peces en explotación, se ha señalado a la reproducción como el proceso natural más importante y decisivo de las fluctuaciones que estas experimentan.

Valtiopäivät 1976 (päättäjäispuhe)

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Distribución y biomasa de bacterias filamentosas (Thioploca spp.) en la costa norte del Perú durante 1976-1985

A base de datos obtenidos en los años 1976,1981,1983,1984,1985 aproximadamente entre 3° 30’ y 12° 30’ S en la plataforma continental peruana, se analizaron diámetros de células, presencia de tricomas en vainas, distribuciones y biomasas húmedas y secas sin ceniza de Thioploca spp.

On the robustness of least-squares Monte Carlo (LSM) for pricing American derivatives

This paper analyses the robustness of Least-Squares Monte Carlo, a techniquerecently proposed by Longstaff and Schwartz (2001) for pricing Americanoptions. This method is based on least-squares regressions in which theexplanatory variables are certain polynomial functions. We analyze theimpact of different basis functions on option prices. Numerical resultsfor American put options provide evidence that a) this approach is veryrobust to the choice of different alternative polynomials and b) few basisfunctions are required. However, these conclusions are not reached whenanalyzing more complex derivatives.

On the accuracy of Latin American trade statistics: A nonparametric test for 1925

This paper proposes a nonparametric test in order to establish the level of accuracy of theforeign trade statistics of 17 Latin American countries when contrasted with the trade statistics of the main partners in 1925. The Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Ranks test is used to determine whether the differences between the data registered by exporters and importers are meaningful, and if so, whether the differences are systematic in any direction. The paper tests for the reliability of the data registered for two homogeneous products, petroleum and coal, both in volume and value. The conclusion of the several exercises performed is that we cannot accept the existence of statistically significant differences between the data provided by the exporters and the registered by the importing countries in most cases. The qualitative historiography of Latin American describes its foreign trade statistics as mostly unusable. Our quantitative results contest this view.

Falling real wages during an industrial revolution

The Industrial Revolution was characterized by technologicalprogress and an increasing capital intensity. Why did real wages stagnateor fall in the beginning? I answer this question by modeling the IndustrialRevolution as the introduction of a relatively more capital intensiveproduction method in a standard neoclassical framework. I show that{\sl real wages fall in the beginning of an industrial revolution if andonly if technological progress in the relatively more capital intensivesector is relatively fast.}

[Tasavallan Presidentin vierailu Yhdysvaltoihin 1.8.-5.8.1976] (Tasavallan Presidentin vastaus Presidentti Fordille Valkoisen Talon nurmikolla pidettyjen tervetuliaisseremonioiden yhteydessä 3.8.1976)

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