陈化石油污染物降解菌的筛选

选择6株自堆腐处理2阶段的石油污染土壤中分离的真菌,另引进2株白腐真菌作为供试菌株,采用以河沙替代土壤,用人工投加污染物的实验方法,研究了有较强解脂酶活性的真菌对特稠油、胶质和沥青质的降解效果。结果表明,在好氧条件下,土壤中低浓度污染物(特稠油浓度3.76g·kg-1、胶质和沥青质浓度0.095g·kg-1)经过80d的堆腐处理后,黄孢原毛平革菌(PhanerochaeteChrysoporium)、采绒革盖菌(Cviolusversicolor)、木霉(Trichodermasp.)、小克银汉(Cunninghamellasp.)、曲霉(Aspergillussp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumsp.)对特稠油有较好的降解效果,降解率分别为20.40%、19.14%、22.46%、15.88%、16.48%和14.95%。但仅采绒革盖菌和小克银汉对胶质+沥青质有一定的去除效果,其降解率分别达到11.47%和11.58%。本研究筛选的两菌株为强化难降解石油组分的去除提供了可能。

低价林早期诊断:生态因子途径

提出了低价林早期诊断的新思路 ,即根据低价林的形成规律 ,在林分还未表现出低价林状况时就能诊断出其发展趋势 ,以便及时采取相应的经营管理措施 .以辽西油松林为例 ,从生态因子途径开展了低价林的早期诊断研究 ,建立了基于单因素实验和判别分析的生态因子途径早期诊断技术 .研究表明 ,土层厚度X1、有机质含量X2 、土壤全氮含量X3 、土壤含水率X4、土壤微生物总数量X5可选择作为油松低价林早期诊断的敏感指标 ;在综合诊断时引入了判别分析的数量分类方法 ,并根据判别分析的思路建立了油松林生长状况生态因子途径早期诊断方法 ,其步骤 :1)确定判别指标 ;2 )建立判别函数Y =1.5 96X1-0 .5 1X2 - 3.196X3 +1.6 2 2X4+1.898X5;3)通过判别函数和研究对象的各项判别指标值进行早期诊断 .低价林早期诊断的技术与方法尚有待进一步地研究、检验和完善 .

非营养缺陷型原生质体融合选育角蛋白酶生产菌

以两性霉素B抗性作为标记 ,通过单株灭活 ,进行栖土曲霉种内非营养缺陷型原生质体融合 .在 40 %的PEG(Mr=6 0 0 0 )促融下 ,融合频率为 1.6 2× 10 -5.连续传接 10代后 ,获得稳定的融合子 .对孢子体积、核DNA含量、生长速度进行了测定 ,并利用RAPD技术分析比较了亲本及融合子的基因组DNA指纹多态性 ,证明融合子为杂合二倍体 ,产角蛋白酶活力较亲本显著提高 .图 3表 4参 17

旱稻田苗后杂草化学防除技术研究

1996～ 1998年采用不同量的 2 0 %敌稗乳油和 5 6 %二甲四氯钠盐粉剂混合喷施防除旱稻田中已出苗的杂草。通过分析不同处理杂草防除率、产量及影响产量指标 ,得出对旱稻田苗后杂草经济、安全、有效的用药范围 ,即 2 0 %敌稗乳油7.5～ 11.5 kg/ hm2 ,与 5 6 %二甲四氯钠盐粉剂 0 .2 5～ 0 .75 kg/ hm2 混合 ,对水 75 0～ 90 0 kg/ hm2 ,在稻苗 2～ 6叶期进行茎叶喷施。它可以达到或超过人工除草效果 ,对稻株安全 ,并对稻株有增粗、抗倒伏作用。在安全用药量的范围内 ,不同用药量对旱稻株高、分蘖数、穗长、穗粒数影响不显著

巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillusmegaterium)突变株Bn,B5的生物学特性及在Vc二步发酵中的伴生作用

对选出的巨大芽孢杆菌突变株Bn ,B5进行了生物学特性及发酵条件的研究 ,发现它们具耐低 pH和抗高浓 2KGA特性。可促进氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌生长 ,使其延迟期缩短 ,产酸增加。适宜的通气量下 ,摇瓶糖酸转化率提高 10 %～ 14% ;当发酵 pH为 6 .2～ 6 .6时 ,转化率提高 2 0 %～ 30 %

Modeling the effect of ozone loss on photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the St. Lawrence estuary

Temporal trends in total ozone for the St. Lawrence estuary were estimated from ground-based measurements at the NOAA/CMDL station in Caribou, Maine. Linear regression analysis showed that from 1979 to 1999 total ozone has decreased by about 3.3% per decade on an annual basis and ≤6.2% per decade on a monthly basis relative to unperturbed (pre-CFC) levels. The influence of increased ultraviolet-B (280–320 nm) radiation associated with ozone depletion on water column photochemical processes was evaluated by modeling the photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic material (CDOM). Linear regression analysis showed small (<0.5% per decade), but statistically significant upward trends in maximum noontime photobleaching rates. Most notably, positive trends in relative rates for May, June, and July, when maximum absolute rates are expected, were predicted. A global model based on TOMS ozone data revealed increases in photobleaching of ≤3% per decade at high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. Radiation amplification factors for increases in photochemically weighted UV (280–400 nm) in response to ozone depletion were estimated at 0.1 and 0.08 for photobleaching of CDOM absorbance at 300 and 350 nm, respectively. Application of the laboratory-based model to conditions that more closely resembled those in situ were variable with both overestimation and underestimation of measured rates. The differences between modeled rates and observed rates under quasi-natural conditions were as large or larger than the predicted increases due to ozone depletion. These comparisons suggest that biological activity and mixing play an important, but as yet ill-defined, role in modifying photochemical processes.

阔叶红松林倒木贮量的变化规律

研究了长白山阔叶红松林倒木贮量的动态变化规律。阔叶红松林倒木贮量包括其现有倒木及其年输入量等贮量的变化规律。阔叶红松林现有倒木贮量开始为 1 6.2 5t/hm2 ,以后随时间减少 ,到 1 0 0 a后分解掉其干重的 85%左右 ,3 0 0 a后所剩无几。倒木年输入量平均约为 0 .6t/hm2 ,其贮量是随时间而增加 ,2 0 0 a后稳定在 3 1 t/hm2 ,可保持到该群落的顶级时期。倒木总贮量的变化在初期呈增加趋势 ,而后随着现有倒木的完全分解 ,倒木贮量就与其倒木的年输入趋于一致 ,最后稳定在上述水平上