"Ferraria" lumiketjuja henkilö, linja- ja kuorma-autoihin : hinnasto N:o 2

kuv., 14 x 22 cm

Bedford jossa Perkins diesel

kuv., 14 x 27 cm

"Ferraria" lumiketjuja henkilö, linja- ja kuorma-autoihin : hinnasto N:o 2 A

kuv., 14 x 22 cm

Ingen punktering med Invulner

kuv., 22 x 29 cm

Ruotsalaisia "SYA" lumiketjuja

kuv., 22 x 37 cm

Firestone : eniten matkaa markalla

kuv., 28 x 35 cm

Katsokaa ja lukekaa mitä kaikkea nykyisin valmistamme, korjaamme ja myymme

kuv., 21 x 17 cm

Hintaliite N:o 1

21 x 27 cm

Katsokaa ja lukekaa mitä kaikkea nykyisin valmistamme, korjaamme ja myymme

kuv., 21 x 17 cm

Tavaramerkin suoja-alan laajuus Suomessa ja Kiinassa

Tutkielman tarkoituksena on perehtyä siihen, kuinka laajasti tavaramerkin haltija voi kieltää toista elinkeinoharjoittajaa käyttämästä samaa tai samankaltaista merkkiä, kun sitä käytetään samoissa, samankaltaisissa tai jopa täysin erilaisissa tavaroissa tai palveluissa. Merkin haltijan kielto-oikeuden laajuuteen paneudutaan tutkimalla ensiksi EU:n tavaramerkkidirektiiviä ja Suomen tavaramerkkilakia ja oikeuskäytäntöjä. Tämän jälkeen tutkitaan, kuinka laaja kielto-oikeus merkin haltijalla on Kiinassa. Pääasiallinen tutkimusmetodi on lainopillinen, mutta myös oikeusvertailua tehdään Suomen ja Kiinan välillä. Tavaramerkin suojaamisessa on Suomessa selkeästi havaittavissa Chicagon koulukunnan teorian hyväksyminen, joka tavaramerkkioikeuteen sovellettuna korostaa merkin haltijan laajaa suojaa. Teorian mukaan tavaramerkin brandiksi luomiseen liittyviä investointeja pitää suojata ja estää sen ansioton hyödyntäminen. Päinvastaista teoriaa edustaa Harvardin koulukunta, jonka teorian piirteitä on havaittavissa Kiinan tavaramerkkioikeudessa. Se korostaa tavaramerkin kapeaa suojaa. Sallimalla kilpailijoiden jäljitellä tunnettua tavaramerkkiä parannetaan kilpailijan asemaa markkinoilla. Toisaalta ulkomaiset merkin haltijat kohtaavat Kiinassa myös paljon ei-tavaramerkkioikeudellisia ongelmia, jotka vaikeuttavat tavaramerkin suojaamista Kiinan markkinoilla.

Germination and emergence of Stachytarpheta cayennensis and Ipomoea asarifolia

Understanding how weed seed germination and emergence respond to environmental factors is critical to determining their adaptive capabilities and potential for infestations, and could also aid in the development of effective control practices. Germination of Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schultz and Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich) Vahl. decreased linearly with decreasing osmotic potentials. Also, increasing osmotic stress delayed germination of Ipomoea more than that of Stachytarpheta. Ipomoea germination was insensitive to light, while Stachytarpheta showed a positive photoblastic behavior. Nitrate had a negative effect on germination of Ipomoea seed under both light and dark conditions but stimulated dark germination of Stachytarpheta. Ipomoea emergence was not significantly affected by planting depth. However, for Stachytarpheta emergence was restrited to seeds planted at the soil surface. Emergence of Ipomoea seedlings from greater than 6cm significantly decreased the amount of biomass allocated to roots, while biomass allocated to leaves was decreased for seedlings that emerged from depths greater than 2cm. These germination and emergence responses are discussed in relation to their ecological implications and to weed control strategies.

Growth, biomass allocation and photosynthesis of Rolandra fruticosa (asteraceae) in response to shade

The effects of shade on growth, biomass allocation patterns and photosynthetic response was examined for Rolandra fruticosa (L.) Kuntze, a common perennial weed shrub in cultivated pastures and agricultural areas of Brazilian Amazonia, for plants grown in full sunlight and those shaded to 30 % of full sunlight over a 34-d period. Specific leaf area and leaf area ratio were higher for shade plants during all the experimental period. Shade plants allocated significantly less biomass to root tissue than sun plants and relative growth rate was higher in sun plants. Sun leaves had significantly higher dark respiration and light saturated rates of photosynthesis than shade leaves. The apparent quantum efficiency was higher for shade leaves, while light compensation point was higher for sun leaves. These results are discussed in relation to their ecological and weed management implications.

Behavior of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains under different herbicide concentrations

The Bradyrhizobium japonicun strains SEMIA 5073, SEMIA 5074, SEMIA 5079 and SEMIA 5080 were grown in vitro using Vincent medium combined with different rates of the herbicides imazaquin (0, 0.04, 0.12, 0.24, 0.36 mg a.i. g-1), clomazone (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 mg a.i. g-1) and sulfentrazone (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg a.i. g-1) to evaluate the strains tolerance to herbicides. The three herbicides drastically inhibited all the rhizobium strains tested, showing a significant decrease of the CFU number as a function of herbicide rates. The rhizobium strains presented a differentiated tolerance to the herbicides. The herbicide rates that reduced 50% (I50) of the growth or survival of the rhizobium strains were below the recommended sprayed rates for weed control in the soybean crop, for all the three herbicides studied; however, sulfentrazone I50 was smaller than imazaquin and clomazone I50.

Seletividade de herbicidas para a cultura de milho (Zea mays) aplicados em diferentes estádios fenológicos da cultura

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em condições de pré e pós-emergência da cultura de milho, conduzida sob sistema de semeadura direta, sem a presença de plantas daninhas durante todo o ciclo da cultura. O híbrido utilizado foi o Pioneer 3027, e o delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados, com 22 tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos herbicidas utilizados (em g i.a. ha-1), com os respectivos estádios fenológicos (número de folhas definitivas = NF) no momento da aplicação dos respectivos tratamentos herbicidas, foram: atrazine + metolachlor (1.400 + 2.100) em condições de pré-emergência da cultura; (atrazine + metolachlor) + nicosulfuron [(1.000 + 1.500 + 20)] com a cultura apresentando NF = 2; atrazine + óleo vegetal (2.400 + 1.800), NF = 2, 4 e 8; atrazine + simazine (1.250 + 1.250), NF = 2, 4 e 8; nicosulfuron (40 - NF = 2, 4 e 8; 20 - NF = 4 e 8 e 52 - NF = 4 e 8); e (atrazine + óleo vegetal) + nicosulfuron [(800 + 600) + 20; (800 + 600) + 40 e (800 + 600) + 52), NF = 4 e 8]. Foram feitas avaliações visuais de sintomas de fitotoxicidade provocados pelos herbicidas aos 7, 14 e 21 dias após aplicação, usando a escala proposta pela European Weed Research Council, além dos parâmetros relativos aos componentes de produção da cultura e produtividade final. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a duração dos estádios fenológicos da cultura não foi afetada pelos herbicidas utilizados e que alguns tratamentos herbicidas, quando aplicados no estádio fenológico 2 (NF = 8 ), reduzem o rendimento da cultura, devido à alteração do número de fileiras por espiga, do número de grãos por fileira e da massa de 1.000 grãos de milho, sendo recomendável a aplicação de herbicidas na cultura de milho até o estádio fenológico 1 (NF = 4), para evitar danos à cultura por fitotoxicidade.

Genetic diversity among proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) biotypes assessed by AFLP technique

The Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) technique was used to access genetic diversity between three domestic and nine wild proso millet biotypes from the United States and Canada. Eight primer combinations detected 39 polymorphic DNA fragments, with the genetic distance estimates among biotypes ranging from 0.02 to 0.04. Colorado-Weld County black seeded and Wyoming-Platte County were the most distinct biotypes according to the dissimilarity level. A UPGMA cluster analysis revealed two distinct groups of proso millet without any geographic association. Six weed biotypes exhibiting some characters of cultivated plants were grouped together with domesticated biotypes of proso millet while the three typical wild phenotypes were clearly clustered into another group according to AFLP markers.