Domicola lithodesi n.gen n.sp. (Amphipoda: Calliopiidae), inhabitant of thepleonal cavity of a South African lithodid crab

Domicola lithodesi, a new genus and species of gammaridean amphipod is described. It is placed in the family Calliopiidae. Two specimens, a male and a preparatory female, were collected in August 1990 from the pleonal cavity of the lithodid crab Lithodes ferox (Filhol, 1885), an anomuran crab caught at 300 m depth from off Namibia. The more relevant characters are: anophtalmous; body smooth, gammarid-like, male smaller than female, urosomite 1 with a prepeduncular spine; telson broad, entire, unlobed and unarmed; short rostrum; accessory flagellum scale-like, calceoli absent; lower lip without inner lobes; coxa 4 posteriorly excavated; gnathopods basic, subequal, with numerous palmar spines; dactyls on P3-7 with specialized adhesive organs; coxal gill 7 present; uropods eusirid type.

Lecanora balearica sp. nov., nuevo liquen epifitico de las islas Baleares

CRESPO, A. and X. LLIMONA (1981). Lecanora balearica sp. nov., nuevo liquen epífito de las Islas Baleares. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 38(l):25-28. Se describe una nueva especie epifltica del género Lecanora (Lecanoraceae, Lichenes) recolectada en Ibiza y Cabrera.

Reação de genótipos de feijoeiro comum a Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, Macrophomina phaseolina e Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli

Foi avaliado no presente trabalho o comportamento dos genótipos de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) PI 150414, PI 163117, PI 175829 branco, PI 175829 roxo, PI 175858, PI 197687, A 417, A 420, A 429, Xan 160, Xan 161, WISHBR 40 e IAC Carioca inoculados com Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, Macrophomina phaseolina e Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli, sob condições de telado/casa de vegetação. Verificou-se que os genótipos Xan 160, PI 150414, A 417, PI 175829 roxo, Xan 161, A 420, PI 163117 e PI 175829 branco foram resistentes a F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli e somente o PI 175829 branco apresentou bom nível de resistência a M. phaseolina. Com relação ao comportamento desses genótipos a X. campestris pv. phaseoli, eles foram altamente suscetíveis ao isolado Feij-4 e apenas o genótipo Xan 161 apresentou nível moderado de resistência foliar ao isolado Feij-41.

Bond Enhancement Techniques for PCC Whitetopping, HR-341, 1996

This research was initiated in 1991 as a part of a whitetopping project to study the effectiveness of various techniques to enhance bond strength between a new portland cement concrete (PCC) overlay and an existing asphalt cement concrete (ACC) pavement surface. A 1,676 m (5,500 ft) section of county road R16 in Dallas County was divided into 12 test sections. The various techniques used to enhance bond were power brooming, power brooming with air blast, milling, cement and water grout, and emulsion tack coat. Also, two sections were planed to a uniform cross-section, two pavement thicknesses were placed, and two different concrete mix proportions were used. Bond strength was perceived to be the key to determining an appropriate design procedure for whitetopping. If adequate bond is achieved, a bonded PCC overlay technique can be used for design. Otherwise, an unbonded overlay procedure may be more appropriate. Conclusions are as follows: (1) Bond Strength Differences - Milling increased bond strength versus no milling. Tack coat showed increased bond strength versus no tack coat. Planing, Air Blast and Grouting did not provide noticeable improvements in bond strength; nor did different PCC types or thicknesses affect bond strength significantly. (2) Structure - Structural measurements correlated strongly with the wide variation in pavement thicknesses. They did not provide enough information to determine the strength of bonding or the level of support being provided by the ACC layer. Longitudinal cracking correlated with PCC thicknesses and with planing. (3) Bond Over Time - The bond between PCC and ACC layers is degrading over time in the outside wheel path in all of the sections except tack coat (section 12). The bond strength in the section with tack coat was lower than the others, but remained relatively steady.

Relações entre a produção de laranjeira 'Westin' e as precipitações em Botucatu, SP

O trabalho estuda a correlação entre a produção de um pomar de laranja, plantado no altiplano de Botucatu, SP, com as precipitações que ocorrem dezesseis meses antes da colheita e a idade do pomar. As plantas eram de laranjeira doce (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), variedade Westin, de clone nucelar, enxertadas em porta-enxerto de limoeiro 'Cravo' (Citrus limonia Osbeck), plantadas em solo Terra Roxa Estruturada, a 810 m de altitude e em região de clima do tipo Cwb. A cultura foi conduzida de modo convencional e sem irrigação. Coletaram-se dados de produção, nos períodos entre o 3º e o 17º e entre o 21º e o 27º ano de idade do pomar, para análise do comportamento da produção e o efeito da idade e das precipitações na produção. Calcularam-se equações lineares múltiplas de regressão, entre a produção, idade do pomar e as precipitações mensais, nos períodos de pomar juvenil, adulto, senescente e adulto-senescente. A produção correlacionou-se com a idade e com valores mensais de precipitação. Os pequenos desvios observados entre os valores medidos e estimados de produção revelaram que as equações de regressão poderiam ser usadas na previsão de safra ou no controle de irrigação suplementar do pomar.

Effect of Mix Times on PCC Properties, HR-1066, 1998

The objectives of this research were the collection and evaluation of the data pertaining to the importance of concrete mixing time on air content and distribution, consolidation and workability for pavement construction. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard C 94 was used to determine the significance of the mixing time on the consistency of the mix being delivered and placed on grade. Measurements of unit weight, slump, air content, retained coarse aggregate and compressive strength were used to compare the consistency of the mix in the hauling unit at the point of mixing and at the point placement. An analysis of variance was performed on the data collected from the field tests. Results were used to establish the relationship between selected mixing time and the portland cement concrete properties tested. The results were also used to define the effect of testing location (center and side of truck, and on the grade) on the concrete properties. Compressive strength test concepts were used to analyze the hardened concrete pavement strength. Cores were obtained at various locations on each project on or between vibrator locations to evaluate the variance in each sample, between locations, and mixing times. A low-vacuum scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study air void parameters in the concrete cores. Combining the data from these analysis thickness measurements and ride in Iowa will provide a foundation for the formulation of a performance based matrix. Analysis of the air voids in the hardened concrete provides a description of the dispersion of the cemtitious materials (specifically flyash) and air void characteristics in the pavement. Air void characteristics measured included size, shape and distribution.

Bridge Deck Rehabilitation Rebonding a Delaminated PCC Overlay By Epoxy Injection, HR-1036, 1989

The Iowa demonstration project to promote the rehabilitation of bridge deck concrete by rebonding delaminations with injected epoxy is a 150 ft x 150 ft high truss bridge on Iowa route No. 210 over Indian Creek near Maxwell in Story County (Service level D, AADT-730, Inventory Rating HS-16.9, Operating Rating HS-25). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of repairing a delaminated bridge deck by epoxy injection, specifically a bridge deck with a delaminated portland cement concrete overlay. Observations noted during the project lead to the following conclusions: The delaminations rebonded with epoxy have remained solid through five years. The percentage of delamination has stayed essentially the same for both the epoxy injected and non-repaired areas. Epoxy injection appears to be a practical, cost effective alternative to other forms of deck rehabilitation when undertaken at the proper time. Cost effectiveness would reduce dramatically if delayed until breakouts have occurred. On the other hand it would be a slow, labor intensive process if undertaken too early when delaminations are small.

Performance of a Nongrouted Thin Bonded PCC Overlay, HR-291, 1992

The use of a thin bonded concrete overlay atop an older surface has been widely incorporated for pavement rehabilitation in Iowa since the early 70's. Two test sections were constructed in 1985 on county road T61 on the Monroe-Wapello County line without the use of grout as a bonding agent to determine if adequate bond could be achieved and structural capacity uncompromised. Both test sections have performed well with one section having higher bond strengths, lower roughness values, higher structural capacity, and less debonding at the joints than the other section. Overall, both ungrouted sections have performed well under substantial truck traffic with minimal surface distress. More attention should be given, however, to rectifying apparent debonding at the joints when no grout is used as a bonding agent.

Épocas de semeadura de triticale em Capão Bonito, SP

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o rendimento de grãos, o peso hectolítrico e o peso de mil sementes de dez genótipos de triticale e dois genótipos de trigo, em três épocas de semeadura. O experimento foi instalado na Estação Experimental de Capão Bonito, região sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo, no qüinqüênio 1991-95. Estudou-se a disponibilidade hídrica do solo, mediante balanços hídricos decendiais, considerando 100 mm como capacidade de retenção de água no solo. Os resultados indicaram a primeira época como a melhor para os parâmetros estudados, e a terceira época não deve ser recomendada. Com relação ao rendimento de grãos, destacaram-se, nas três épocas, os genótipos IAC 2 e BGL"S"/CIN"S"//MUS"S". Os genótipos IAC 3, Hare 212, Ardilla"S" e ICT 8803 apresentaram-se produtivos na segunda e terceira épocas, e o genótipo MERINOS"S"/JLO"S"/3/BGL"S"/CIN"S"//MUS"S", somente na terceira época. O melhor genótipo, independentemente de época, foi o IAC 2. O rendimento de grãos está associado positivamente com o peso de mil sementes. A ocorrência dos agentes causais de manchas foliares foi mais intensa no genótipo de trigo IAC 24 do que nos genótipos de triticales, excetuando-se o CEP 15.

Cronologia e impacto ambiental do uso da terra na Microbacia Hidrográfica do Ceveiro, em Piracicaba, SP

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a cronologia e o impacto ambiental do uso da terra na Microbacia Hidrográfica do Ceveiro (MHC), nos anos de 1962, 1965, 1978 e 1995. Utilizou-se a fotointerpretação e geoprocessamento, o que permitiu uma rápida e eficiente integração entre os dados levantados. Os solos da área são basicamente Litossolos e Podzólicos Vermelho-Amarelos. A cultura anual, que em 1965 chegou a ocupar 42% da área da microbacia, em 1995 ocupava 0,15%. Nesse mesmo período, o plantio da cana-de-açúcar passou de 16% para 66%, sendo esta cultura a principal causa da diminuição das culturas anuais na microbacia. O maior aumento do plantio da cana-de-açúcar ocorreu de 1978 a 1995, caracterizando, assim, a influência dos incentivos governamentais para o seu cultivo. As pastagens e os reflorestamentos também contribuíram para a expansão do plantio da cana-de-açúcar, com uma diminuição em área de 48% das pastagens e 42% do reflorestamento. As áreas de mata nativa e urbana apresentaram um aumento de 1962 a 1995. O impacto ambiental na MHC tem como indicador a represa da Vila de Artemis, que, de 1978 a 1995, diminuiu sua área em 50%, em decorrência do assoreamento.

Crack and Seat PCC Pavement Prior to Resurfacing US 59 - Shelby County, HR-527, 1993

Asphalt concrete resurfacing is the most commonly utilized rehabilitation practice used by the Iowa Department of Transportation. The major problem with asphalt concrete resurfacing is the reflective cracking from underlying cracks and joints in the portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement. Cracking and seating the PCC prior to an asphalt overlay was the construction method evaluated in this project. There was cracking and seating on portions of the project and portions were overlaid without this process. There were also different overlay thicknesses used. Comparisons of crack and seating to the normal overlay method and the different depths are compared in this report. Cracking and seating results in some structural loss, but does reduce the problem of reflection cracking.

Refinement of Rapid PCC Coarse Aggregate Testing Program, HR-1071, 1999

The characterization and categorization of coarse aggregates for use in portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements is a highly refined process at the Iowa Department of Transportation. Over the past 10 to 15 years, much effort has been directed at pursuing direct testing schemes to supplement or replace existing physical testing schemes. Direct testing refers to the process of directly measuring the chemical and mineralogical properties of an aggregate and then attempting to correlate those measured properties to historical performance information (i.e., field service record). This is in contrast to indirect measurement techniques, which generally attempt to extrapolate the performance of laboratory test specimens to expected field performance. The purpose of this research project was to investigate and refine the use of direct testing methods, such as X-ray analysis techniques and thermal analysis techniques, to categorize carbonate aggregates for use in portland cement concrete. The results of this study indicated that the general testing methods that are currently used to obtain data for estimating service life tend to be very reliable and have good to excellent repeatability. Several changes in the current techniques were recommended to enhance the long-term reliability of the carbonate database. These changes can be summarized as follows: (a) Limits that are more stringent need to be set on the maximum particle size in the samples subjected to testing. This should help to improve the reliability of all three of the test methods studied during this project. (b) X-ray diffraction testing needs to be refined to incorporate the use of an internal standard. This will help to minimize the influence of sample positioning errors and it will also allow for the calculation of the concentration of the various minerals present in the samples. (c) Thermal analysis data needs to be corrected for moisture content and clay content prior to calculating the carbonate content of the sample.

Description of a rare isopod crustacean, Arcturella poorei sp. nov. (Isopoda: Valvifera: Arcturidae), from the Atlantic seaboard of Cadiz (Iberian Peninsula)

This paper describes a new species of arcturidean isopod, Arcturella poorei, from the Atlantic seaboard of Cadiz (Spain). A diagnosis and description of the species is presented, and a comparison with other species of the genus from the area.

Non-Grouted Bonded PCC Overlay City of Oskaloosa, HR-528, 1993

Based upon the success the Iowa Department of Transportation has had using thin bonded, low slump, dense portland cement concrete on bridge decks for rehabilitation, it was decided to pursue research in the area of bonded portland cement concrete resurfacing of pavements. Since that time, in an effort to reduce costs, research was conducted into eliminating the grouting operation. On this project a non-grouted overlay was used to modernize an existing urban street. This research project is located in the City of Oskaloosa on 11th Avenue from South M Street to South Market Street. Construction of the project went well and the non-grouted overlay has performed very well to date.