Organic and inorganic geochemical measurements of sediment core GeoB7702-3

It has long been known that extreme changes in North African hydroclimate occurred during the late Pleistocene yet many discrepancies exist between sites regarding the timing, duration and abruptness of events such as Heinrich Stadial (HS) 1 and the African Humid Period (AHP). The hydroclimate history of the Nile River is of particular interest due to its lengthy human occupation history yet there are presently few continuous archives from the Nile River corridor, and pre-Holocene studies are rare. Here we present new organic and inorganic geochemical records of Nile Basin hydroclimate from an eastern Mediterranean (EM) Sea sediment core spanning the past 28 ka BP. Our multi-proxy records reflect the fluctuating inputs of Blue Nile versus White Nile material to the EM Sea in response to gradual changes in local insolation and also capture abrupt hydroclimate events driven by remote climate forcings, such as HS1. We find strong evidence for extreme aridity within the Nile Basin evolving in two distinct phases during HS1, from 17.5 to 16 ka BP and from 16 to 14.5 ka BP, whereas peak wet conditions during the AHP are observed from 9 to 7 ka BP. We find that zonal movements of the Congo Air Boundary (CAB), and associated shifts in the dominant moisture source (Atlantic versus Indian Ocean moisture) to the Nile Basin, likely contributed to abrupt hydroclimate variability in northern East Africa during HS1 and the AHP as well as to non-linear behavior of hydroclimate proxies. We note that different proxies show variable gradual and abrupt responses to individual hydroclimate events, and thus might have different inherent sensitivities, which may be a factor contributing to the controversy surrounding the abruptness of past events such as the AHP. During the Late Pleistocene the Nile Basin experienced extreme hydroclimate fluctuations, which presumably impacted Paleolithic cultures residing along the Nile corridor.

Archaeological sites in China during the Neolithic and Bronze Age

A total of 51,074 archaeological sites from the early Neolithic to the early Iron Age (c. 8000-500 BC), with a spatial extent covering most regions of China (c. 73-131°E and c. 20-53°N), were analysed over space and time in this study. Site maps of 25 Chinese provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, published in the series 'Atlas of Chinese Cultural Relics', were used to extract, digitalise and correlate its archaeological data. The data were, in turn, entered into a database using a self-developed mapping software that makes the data, in a dynamic way, analysable as a contribution to various scientific questions, such as population growth and migrations, spread of agriculture and changes in subsistence strategies. The results clearly show asynchronous patterns of changes between the northern and southern parts of China (i.e. north and south of the Yangtze River, respectively) but also within these macro-regions. In the northern part of China (i.e. along the Yellow River and its tributaries and in the Xiliao River basin), the first noticeable increase in the concentration of Neolithic sites occurred between c. 5000 and 4000 BC; however, highest site concentrations were reached between c. 2000 and 500 BC. Our analysis shows a radical north-eastern shift of high site-density clusters (over 50 sites per 100 * 100 km grid cell) from the Wei and middle/lower Yellow Rivers to the Liao River system sometime between 2350 BC and 1750 BC. This shift is hypothetically discussed in the context of the incorporation of West Asian domesticated animals and plants into the existing northern Chinese agricultural system. In the southern part of China, archaeological sites do not show a noticeable increase in the absolute number of sites until after c. 1500 BC, reaching a maximum around 1000 BC.

Symposium on Energy and Human Health : human costs of electric power generation /

Mode of access: Internet.

Final report to Congress, The Streambank Erosion Control Evaluation and Demonstration Act of 1974, Section 32, Public Law 93-251 : Main report, supplemented by appendices A-H in separate volumes /

Main report -- Appendix A. Literature survey -- Appendix B. Hydraulic research -- Appendix C. Geotechnical research -- Appendix D. Ohio River demonstration projects -- Appendix F. Missouri River demonstration projects (2 v.) -- Appendix F. Yazoo River Basin demonstration projects -- Appendix G. Demonstration projects on other streams, nationwide (2 v.) -- Appendix H. Evaluation of existing projects (2 v.).

Pa Mong Project, Laos-Thailand : stage 1--interim report.

"Prepared for the Committee for Co-ordination of Investigations of the Lower Mekong Basin (Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Republic of Vietnam) under agreement with the Agency for International Development, United States Department of State by Bureau of Reclamation, United States Department of the Interior"--Cover.

Resources of Sisseton Reservation Area, (Lake Traverse Reservation) : history - present - potential.

"May 1969."

Report - United States, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Planning Support Group.

Mode of access: Internet.

Comprehensive framework study /

"June 1969."--Covers.

The Sierra ecology project.

"The Sierra Cooperative Pilot Project, United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Division of Research, Office of Atmospheric Resources Management, Denver, Colorado."

Public works authorizations, 1968: rivers and harbors, flood control, and multiple-purpose projects : hearings, Ninetieth Congress, second session.

Considers (90) S. 537, (90) S. 1144, , (90) S. 1215, (90) S. 1529, (90) S. 1549, (90) S. 1622 , (90) S. 1812, (90) S. 2024, (90) S. 2059, (90) S. 2169. (90) S. 2236,(90) S. 2611.