Cosmological equations and thermodynamics on apparent horizon in thick braneworld

We derive the generalized Friedmann equation governing the cosmological evolution inside the thick brane model in the presence of two curvature correction terms: a four-dimensional scalar curvature from induced gravity on the brane, and a five-dimensional Gauss-Bonnet curvature term. We find two effective four-dimensional reductions of the generalized Friedmann equation in some limits and demonstrate that the reductions but not the generalized Friedmann equation can be rewritten as the first law of equilibrium thermodynamics on the apparent horizon of thick braneworld.

CHARMED BARYON IN A STRING MODEL

Charmed baryon spectroscopy has been studied under a string model. In this model, charmed baryons are composed of a diquark and a charm quark which are connected by a constant tension. In this diquark picture, the quantum numbers J(P) of confirmed baryons have been well assigned. Energies of the first and second orbital excitations have been predicted and compared with the experimental data. Meanwhile, diquark masses have been extracted in the background of charm quark which satisfy a splitting relation based on spin-spin interaction.

143Pm���自旋态和重丰中子新核素的合成及衰变性质研究

本论文从内容上可以分为两大部分：第一部分：对近球形核~(143)Pm���自旋态进行的在束γ研究。这一部分是本文的重点。利用能量为82和90 MeV的~(19)F束流，通过融合蒸发反应~(128)Te (~(19)F,4nγ) ~(143)Pm���局~(143)Pm���高自旋态。利用联合在束装置(JIBGE)的10套带BGO反康的HPGe探测器进行了标准在束γ谱学测量，包括γ射线的激发函数、γ单谱、γ-γ-t符合谱以及DCO测量。在已有工作的基础上，建立了~(143)Pm���发能高达10.5 MeV，自旋约为(61/2)h的高自旋态能级结构。观测到了28条新的跃迁能级和48条新的γ射线。对两个已知的同质异能态寿命进行了提取，并在8 MeV激发能附近进行了高自旋态同质异能态的搜索。以~(142)Nd，~(144)Sm为核实，用零级弱耦合模型对~(143)Pm���晕态能级结构进行了定量的解释。计算表明，直到激发能Ex = 6.77 MeV，自旋宇称J~π = (37/2~+)的晕态能级都可以用弱耦合模型进行很好的解释。但是，对于更高激发能的能级，组态情况要复杂的多，有出现N = 82中子闭壳打破的可能。同时，利用大基壳模型OXBASH程序对其能级结构进行了计算和讨论，其结果支持弱耦合模型的假设。第二部分：利用中能重离子的多核子转移反应，(~(186)W-2p + 2n)，(~(238)U-2p + 2n)对丰中子核~(186)Hf和~(238)Th进行了合成和鉴别。测量它们的半衰期分别为(2.6 ± 1.2) min和 (9.4 ± 2.0) min，与用质子一中子准粒子随机相近似方法的预言值是相符的。同时，对β延发裂变先驱核~(230)Ac进行了实验研究。观测到了它的两个裂变事件，得到~(230)Acβ延发裂变几率为(1.19 ± 0.85) * 10~(-8)。从而使~(230)Ac成为世界上第一种被确认了的基态β延发裂变先驱核。

N=81近球形141Nd和142Pm���高自旋态能级结构

本论文首先介绍了原子核高自旋态研究的一般概况以及其物理解释的基本理论，然后介绍了在束Y谱学及其实验技术。在此基础上分析和讨论了141Nd和142Pm���的高自旋态实验研究。利用能量为75-95 Mevl0F束流，通过反应128Te（19F，5ny)142Pm���究了双奇核142Pm���高自旋态能级结构。实验中进行了丫射线激发函数和Y-Y符合测量。建立了限Pm���高自旋态能级纲图，位于前人建议的一个2毫秒、8-同质异能态之上。由测量的丫射线激发函数和Y一Y符合关系，澄清了一个67微秒同质异能态及其衰变混乱的指定，本论文把67微秒同质异能态及其衰变指定给了142Pm���建议此同质异能态的激发能为2828.5 keV，推断此同质异能态的自旋宇称为13-。在本实验研究的同时，有人利用133Cs（13C，4n）142Pm���应报道了一个建立在2毫秒、8-同质异能态之上的142P亩高自旋态能级纲图；除了相应Y跃迁的多极性有较大差别外，他们报道的瞬Pm���自旋态能级纲图与我们建立在67微秒同质异能态上的基本一致。根据能级结构的系统性，识别了四个两准粒子态，一个为g7/2质子空穴耦合h11／2中子空穴激发，另外三个是h11／2质子藕合h11／2中子空穴多重态成员。根据经验壳模型计算建议了几个新建的关键能级的组态。67微秒同质异能态的组态被建议为一个四空穴态（πg_(7/2)~(-1)d_(5/2)~(-2)vh_(11/2)~(-1)）_(13)-。通过130Te（16O，5nγ）141Nd反应布居了14tNd的高自旋态能级。对反应产生的在束丫射线进行了γ射线单谱和γ-γ符合测量。基于γ-γ符合关系，对原来的141Nd的高自旋态能级纲图做了很大修改，建立了14lNd核高自旋态能级纲图。新观察到了一个由八条γ射线组成的长E2级联跃迁，并指定给了141Nd。基于实验测量的γ跃迁各向异性，建议了141Nd部分能级的自旋值。根据经验壳模型和粒子震动祸合理论，用一个h11／2价中子空穴祸合142Nd核芯晕态激发定性地解释141Nd的能级结构，新发现的长E2级联跃迁很可能涉及两个hu/2质子激发。

Migration of large-scale subaqueous bedforms measured with seagrasses(Cymudocea nodesa) as tracers

The vertical growth of seagrasses in response to burial by migration of bedforms is combined with dating techniques to provide precise and rapid estimates of the migration speed of subaqueous dunes over seagrass patches. Two methods to estimate the time interval between the passage of successive dunes and the motion of single dunes through seagrass patches are described. The second method is more precise. The application of these methods to vegetated (Cymodocea nodosa) subaqueous dunes in the Alfacs Bay (NW Mediterranean) showed that the dunes traveled at an average speed of $13.0 \pm 0.6 m yr^-1$ and demonstrated that the methods can resolve migration speeds from 0.15 to $980 m yr^-1$ with this particular seagrass species. In areas vegetated with different seagrass species, bedform migration can be estimated over different time scales. The strong coupling between seagrass and sediment dynamics resembles the coupling of vegetation and land dunes.

黄土区参考作物蒸散量多种计算方法的比较研究

参考作物蒸散量的计算公式大多存在地域性限制,分析其应用情况能够反映这些公式在中国部分地区的应用前景。该文根据1996～2000年陕西省榆林、延安与西安三站的逐日气象资料,以FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith方法为标准,对计算参考作物蒸散量的10种方法进行比较。线性回归,平方根误差与平均偏差方法检验的结果显示:Penman系列方法之间关系密切,Kimberly PM-72方法最好。不同方法之间在夏季的差异较大,春秋季较小。在需要数据较少的方法中Priestley-Taylor方法接近Penman-Monteith方法。FAO-Rad、FAO-BC、Hargreaves与Makkink 4种方法与其差异明显,而且存在地域差异。在本区应用这些方法时需要对其参数进行适当调整,以适应当地的气象条件。

黄土旱塬小麦长期施肥的产量效应及土壤肥力变化

基于20 a长期施肥定位试验,研究了丰水年施肥对小麦产量和土壤肥力变化的影响。结果表明:各种肥料单施或配施对小麦产量的影响顺序为NPM>NM>NP>PM>M>N>P>CK,肥料配施有利于提高小麦产量并维持相对稳产;NP、NM、PM���NPM���交互作用明显,连应值均为正;氮磷配施能显著提高肥料对产量的贡献率和水分利用率,氮磷有机肥配施效果最佳,肥料对产量的贡献率为64.9%,水分利用率提高了103.5%,氮磷单施不如肥料配施;氮磷配施不利于土壤速效钾的积累,化肥和有机肥长期配施有利于土壤养分含量的增加,提高土壤肥力。

Crystallization Behaviors of n-Octadecane in Confined Space: Crossover of Rotator Phase from Transient to Metastable Induced by Surface Freezing

In this paper, the confined crystallization and phase transition behaviors of n-octadecane in microcapsules with a diameter of about 3 Pm were studied with the combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), temperature dependent Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

The optical properties and the natural lifetime calculation of a Sm(III) complex

The photophysical properties of the complex Sm(PM)(3)(TP)(2) [PM = 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-isobutyryl-5-pyrazolone, TP = triphenyl phosphine oxide] are determined in crystal state, and energy transfer process is modeled for ligands to center Sm(III) ion. The characteristic luminescence of Sm(III) is sensitized by PM and TP, and most of transitions from excited state (4)G(5/2) of Sm3+ are detected.

1.54 mu m near-infrared photoluminescent and electroluminescent properties of a new Erbium (111) organic complex

The crystal structure of Er(PM)(3)(TP)(2) [PM = 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-isobutyryl-5-pyrazoloiie, TP = triphenyl phosphine oxide] was reported and its photoluminescence properties were studied by UV-vis absorption, excited, and emission spectra. The Judd-ofelt theory was introduced to calculate the radiative transition rate and the radiative decay time of 3.65 ms for the I-4(13/2) -> I-4(15/2) transition of Er3+ ion in this complex.

The near-infrared optical properties of an Nd (III) complex and its potential application in electroluminescence

A trivalent neodymium ion (Nd3+) complex Nd(PM)(3)(TP)(2) was synthesized, and its optical properties was studied by introducing Judd-Ofelt theory to calculate the radiative transition rate and the radiative decay time of the F-4(3/2) -> (4)l(J), transitions in this Nd(III) complex. The strong emissions of this complex at near-infrared region were owing to the efficient energy transfer from ligands to center metal ion. The potential application of this complex in NIR electroluminescence was studied by fabricating several devices. The maximum NIR irradiance was obtained as 2.1 mW/m(2) at 16.5 V.

Highly efficient electrochemiluminescence of functionalized tris(2,2 '-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) enrichment of its co-reactants

An enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) efficiency is obtained from the ruthenium complex tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)) by introduction of an ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMImBF(4)). Upon addition of 1% (v/v) BMImBF(4) to 0.1 mm Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) solution, a maximum increase in ECL intensity is obtained both at an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode (15-fold) and at a glassy carbon (GC) electrode (5- to 64old). Furthermore, upon addition of 1% (v/v) BMImBF4 to 5 pm Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)/100 mm co-reactant systems at a GC electrode, IL adsorption occurs at the electrode surface, which results in a change of the polarity of the electrode surface. Such functionalization greatly improves the functions of both Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) and ionic liquids, as is demonstrated in the sensitive and selective concentration enrichment of the Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) co-reactants.

Elastic and electronic properties of CoFe3N, RhFe3N, and IrFe3N from first principles

First principles calculations are performed to investigate the elastic and electronic properties of MFe3N (M=Co,Rh,Ir) at Pm-3m space group. The authors' calculation indicates that the three MFe3N phases are metallic and mechanically stable. For RhFe3N, the calculated lattice parameter of 3.826 A is in excellent agreement with the experimental value of 3.8292 A. The three phases are ferromagnetic with the calculated magnetic moments per f.u. being 8.92 mu(B) for CoFe3N, 9.04 mu(B) for RhFe3N, and 8.50 mu(B) for IrFe3N. The unusually large B/G ratio from 2.47 for CoFe3N and 2.45 for RhFe3N to 1.81 for IrFe3N indicates that they are ductile.

Synthesis, structure, photoluminescence, and electroluminescence properties of a new dysprosium complex

A new dysprosium complex Dy(PM)(3)(TP)(2) [where PM = 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-isobutyryl-5-pyrazolone and TP = triphenyl phosphine oxide] was synthesized, and its single-crystal structure was also studied. Its photophysical properties were studied by absorption spectra, emission spectra, fluorescence quantum efficiency, and decay time of the f-f transition of the Dy3+ ion. In addition, the antenna effect was introduced to discuss the energy transfer mechanism between the ligand and the central Dy3+ ion. Finally, a series of devices with various structures was fabricated to investigate the electroluminescence (EL) performances of Dy(PM)(3)(TP)(2). The best device with the structure ITO/CuPc 15 nm/Dy complex 70 nm/BCP 20 nm/AlQ 30 nm/LiF 1 nm/Al 100 nm exhibits a maximum brightness of 524 cd/m(2), a current efficiency of 0.73 cd/A, and a power efficiency of 0.16 lm/W, which means that a great improvement in the performances of the device was obtained as compared to the results reported in published literature. Being identical to the PL spectrum, the EL spectrum of the complex also shows characteristic emissions of the Dy3+ ion, which consist of a yellow band at 572 nm and a blue emission band at 480 nm corresponding to the F-4(9/2)-H-6(13/2) and F-4(9/2)-H-6(15/2) transition of the Dy3+ ion, respectively. Consequently, an appropriate tuning of the blue/yellow intensity ratio can be presumed to accomplish a white luminescent emission.

Fabrication, patterning and luminescence properties of X-2-Y2SiO5 : A (A = Eu3+, Tb3+, Ce3+) phosphor films via sol-gel soft lithography

X-2-y(2)SiO(5):A (A = Eu3+, Tb3+, Ce3+) phosphor films and their patterning were fabricated by a sol-gel process combined with a soft lithography. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) optical microscopy and photoluminescence (PL) were used to characterize the resulting films. The results of XRD indicated that the films began to crystallize at 900 degreesC with X-1-Y2SiO5, which transformed completely to X-2-Y2SiO5 at 1250 degreesC. Patterned thin films with different band widths (5 pin spaced by 5 pm and 16 pm spaced by 24 pm) were obtained by a soft lithography technique (micromoulding in capillaries, MIMIC). The SEM and AFM study revealed that the nonpattemed phosphor films were uniform and crack free, and the films mainly consisted of closely packed grains with an average size of 350 run. The doped rare earth ions (A) showed their characteristic emissions in X-2-Y2SiO5 phosphor films, i.e., D-5(0)-F-7(J) (J = 0, 1, 2,3,4) for Eu3+, D-5(3), (4)-F-7(J) (J = 6, 5, 4, 3) for Tb3+ and 5d (D-2)-4f (F-2(2/5),(2/7)) for Ce3+, respectively. The optimum doping concentrations for EU3+, Tb3+ were determined to be 13 and 8 mol% of Y3+ in X-2-Y2SiO5 films, respectively.