Polymer flame inhibition in presence of transition metal oxides

Transition metal oxides like Fe2O3, Ni2O3, Co2O3 and MnO2 suppress the combustion of polystyrene. The effect has been explained on the basis of condensed-phase and gas-phase reactions.

Synthesis, spectral and structural studies on metal complexes of Schiff bases involving vitamin B6 and histamine

Six metal complexes of Schiff bases involving Vitamin B6 and the decarboxylated amino acid histamine have been synthesised and characterized. Crystal structures have been determined for [CuL1(H2O)Br]-NO31(L1= pyridoxylidenehistamine) and [Cu2L22(NO3)2]·6H2O 2(L2= 5′-phosphopyridoxylidenehistaminate). The crystal structure of complex 1[space group P[1 with combining macron], a= 8.161(2), b= 10.368(2), c= 11.110(2)Å, α= 105.18(1), β= 102.12(1), γ= 72.10(1)° and Z= 2; R= 0.072, R′= 0.083] consists of square-pyramidally co-ordinated copper with the tridentate Schiff base in the zwitterionic form, whereas in 2[space group P[1 with combining macron], a= 8.727(1), b= 10.308(1), c= 12.845(2)Å, α= 110.00(1), β= 78.94(1), γ= 114.35(1)° and Z= 1; R= 0.035, R′= 0.034] the copper has the same co-ordination geometry but the tetradentate Schiff-base ligand exists as a monoanion. The conformational parameters deduced from such structures are important for understanding the stereochemical aspects of Vitamin B6-catalysed model reactions involving histidine.

Pes study of spin-state transitions in d6 transition metal complexes and oxides

Transitions from the low-to the high-spin state in Fe2+ and Co3+ compounds have been examined by X-ray and UV photoelectron spectroscopy. It has been shown that the core-level bands in XPES, in particular the metal 3s band, as well as the valence bands, are diagnosis in the study of spin-state transitions.

Lewis Acid-Lewis Base Mediated Metal-Free Hydrogen Activation and Catalytic Hydrogenation

Organocatalysis, the use of organic molecules as catalysts, is attracting increasing attention as one of the most modern and rapidly growing areas of organic chemistry, with countless research groups in both academia and the pharmaceutical industry around the world working on this subject. The literature review of this thesis mainly focuses on metal-free systems for hydrogen activation and organocatalytic reduction. Since these research topics are relatively new, the literature review also highlights the basic principles of the use of Lewis acid-Lewis base pairs, which do not react irreversibly with each other, as a trap for small molecules. The experimental section progresses from the first observation of the facile heterolytical cleavage of hydrogen gas by amines and B(C6F5)3 to highly active non-metal catalysts for both enantioselective and racemic hydrogenation of unsaturated nitrogen-containing compounds. Moreover, detailed studies of structure-reactivity relationships of these systems by X-ray, neutron diffraction, NMR methods and quantum chemical calculations were performed to gain further insight into the mechanism of hydrogen activation and hydrogenation by boron-nitrogen compounds.

A New Liquid Level Sensor for Process-Control Applications

Many process-control systems are air-operated. In such an environment, it would be desirable and economical to use pneumatic sensors. Bubble-back pressure sensors perform quite satisfactorily, but in case of viscous inflammable and slurry-like liquids with a tendency to froth, this level sensor is inadequate. The method suggested in this paper utilizes a pneumatic capacitor, one boundary of which is formed by the liquid level, to modulate a fluid amplifier feedback oscillator. The absence of moving parts and economy obtained makes this method attractive for process-control applications. The system has been mathematically modeled and simulated on an IBM 360/44 digital computer. Experimental values compare fairly well with the theoretical results. For the range tested, the sensor is found to have a linear frequency variation with the liquid level Extended running in the laboratory shows that the system is very reliable. This system has been found insensitive to temperature variations of up to 15ðC.

Metal-insulator transitions in Cr-doped V2O3 by x-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy

X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy have been employed to investigate the high temperature metal-insulator transitions in V2O3 and (V0.99Cr0.01)2O3. The high temperature transitions are associated with more gradual changes in the 3d bands compared to the low-temperature transitions

Impurity effects on the critical behaviour of the electrical resistance of binary liquid mixtures

The electrical resistance of the binary liquid system cyclohexane + acetic anhydride is measured, in the critical region, both in the pure mixture and when the mixture is doped with small amounts (≈ 100 ppm) of H2O/D2O impurities.T c was approached to aboutt=3×10−6 wheret=(T −T c )/T c . The critical exponentb ≈ 0.35 in the fit of the resistance data to the equationdR/dT ∼t −b does not seem to be affected appreciably by the impurities. There is a sign reversal ofdR/dt in the non-critical region. Binary liquid systems seem to violate the universality of the critical resistivity.

Critical resistivity in impurity doped binary liquid mixtures

The electrical resistance of the critical binary liquid system C6H12+(CH3CO)2O is measured both in the pure form and when the system is doped with small amounts (≈ 100 ppm) of H2O impurities. Near Tc, the resistance varies as dR/dT = A1+A2 (T-Tc)-b with b ≈ 0.35. Neither the critical exponent b nor the amplitude ratio A1/A2 are affected by the impurities. A sign reversal of dR/dT is noticed at high temperatures T much greater-than Tc.

Vapor-liquid equilibriums: systems methyl ethyl ketone-p-xylene and chlorobenzene-p-xylene

Vapor-liquid equilibrium data have been measured for the binary systems methyl ethyl ketone-p-xylene and chlorobenzene-p-xylene, at 685 mmHg pressure. The activity coefficients have been evaluated taking Into consideration the vapor-phase nonideallty. The f-x-y data have been subjected to a thermodynamic consistency test and the activity coefficients have been correlated by the Wilson equation.

Studies on ß-arylhydrazone-imine nickel(II) complexes—Examples of metal template syntheses

ß-arylhydrazone-imine ligand complexes of nickel(II), namely, 4,10-dimethyl-5,9-diazatrideca-4,9-diene-2,12-dione-3,11-diphenylhydrazonato nickel(II), Ni(acacpn)(N2Ph-R)2 and 1,11-diphenyl-3,9-dimethyl-4,8-diazaun-deca-3,8-diene,1,11-dione-2,10-diphenyl hydrazonato nickel(II), Ni (beacpn) (N2Ph-R)2, [R = H, o-CH3p-CH3] have been prepared by metal template reactions and characterized. Both the azomethine nitrogens and α-nitrogens of bis-hydrazone form the coordination sites of the square-planar geometry around the nickel(II) ion. Loss of CO from the molecule and subsequently an interesting methyl group migration to the nucleus of the chelate ring have been observed in the mass spectrum. Structures are proposed based on the spectral and magnetic properties.