Animais de laboratório: O camundongo

The animal experimentation in the scientific research has contributed excessively for the development of science and technology, promoting to long of the years the discovery of prophylactic measures and treatments for diseases that attack the humans. Animals of some species have been used in the last times, being the mouse the more intensely used and more deeply known scientifically. The objective of this work was to carry through a bibliographical survey including data of our research group, about the use of mice in the animal experimentation, approaching its general biology, reproduction physiology, creation systems, genetics, habitation, feeding, handling, pain and euthanasia, techniques of risk developed in the experimentation, blood collection, pharmacological and toxicological experiments. Although current trends praise the use of alternative methods (in vitro studies, cells cultures, etc.), the animal models, as the mouse, present as main advantage the supply of information on the organism as a whole, fact that is not obtained with other methods, what still it makes possible its utilization in scientific research.

Uma proposta de análise qualitativa de risco aplicada ao gerenciamento de resíduos de atenção animal

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Sources of omega-6 fatty acids do not alter the rumen degradation and transit of fibre from dairy cow diets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the behaviour of fibre in the digestive tract on the basis of the passage kinetics of forage and concentrate particles in cows fed different omega-6 fatty-acid sources. The scientific hypothesis of this study was that omega-6 fatty acids do not interfere with the digestion of fibre in the diets of dairy cows. Five primiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in the experiment. The experimental diets were: control (C), ground soyabean (GS), cottonseed (CS), soyabean oil (SO), calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA). The global mean estimates for the parameters of passage rate (gamma) were 0.038 and 0.055 h(-1) for forage and concentrate, respectively. The only significant effect with respect to the passage rate was a high negative correlation between the concentrate passage rate and dry matter intake. There was less undegradable neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in treatments without added lipid. Dietary supplementation with lipid sources does not alter the kinetic parameters of roughage and concentrate particle passage or in vitro NDF degradation. Sources of omega-6 fatty acids do not alter the rumen degradation and transit of fibre.

Tomografia por biosusceptometria de corrente alternada

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Humanização na assistência odontológica de pessoas com deficiência, através do projeto Cão Cidadão-Unesp

The Araçatuba School of Dentistry along with the Veterinary Medical Course, both from UNESP, develop the Extension Project called “Cão Cidadão UNESP” (Unesp Citizen Dog), which is accomplished in some assistance societies, including the Dental Assistance Center to Persons with Disabilities (“Centro de Assistência Odontológica à Pessoa com Deficiência” - CAOE-UNESP). This project develops a multidisciplinary work involving professionals and students from health sciences. The project aims at developing activities to relieve stress, fear and anxiety of patients with disabilities in the moment that precedes the dental treatment. The team performs procedures such as walking with the dogs and patients, toothbrushing the dogs so the patients can see it, in order to learn and motivate themselves, dressing the dogs with some accessories such as white clothes, mask and cap, to associate with image of the dentist, making this relationship more pleasant and welcoming. It is evidenced, through reports of professionals, that the patients become calmer and more collaborative with the dentists, distracting them from the treatment focus and creating a positive bond. It should be noted that this experience has contributed to motivate the professionals to introduce new techniques for dental approach, such as Animal Assisted Therapy. It also shows that animals can be very helpful in treating people with disabilities, because they offer a lot of love, companionship and provide moments of joy and happiness to the participants.

Food Handling Practices, Knowledge and Beliefs of Families with Young Children Based on the Health Belief Model

Objective: To determine current food handling practices, knowledge and beliefs of primary food handlers with children 10 years old and the relationship between these components. Design: Surveys were developed based on FightBac!™ concepts and the Health Belief Model (HBM) construct. Participants: The majority of participants (n= 503) were females (67%), Caucasians (80%), aged between 30 to 49 years old (83%), had one or two children (83%), prepared meals all or most of the time (76%) and consumed meals away from home three times or less per week (66%). Analysis: Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rho) (p<0.05 and one-tail) and Chi-square were used to examine frequency and correlations. Results: Few participants reached the food safety objectives of Healthy People 2010 for safe food handling practices (79%). Mixed results were reported for perceived susceptibility. Only half of the participants (53-54%) reported high perceived severity for their children if they contracted food borne illness. Most participants were confident of their food handling practices for their children (91%) and would change their food handling practices if they or their family members previously experienced food poisoning (79%). Participants’ reasons for high self-efficacy were learning from their family and independently acquiring knowledge and skills from the media, internet or job. The three main barriers to safe food handling were insufficient time, lots of distractions and lack of control of the food handling practices of other people in the household. Participants preferred to use food safety information that is easy to understand, has scientific facts, causes feelings of health-threat and has lots of pictures or visuals. Participants demonstrate high levels of knowledge in certain areas of the FightBac!TM concepts but lacked knowledge in other areas. Knowledge and cues to action were most supportive of the HBM construct, while perceived susceptibility was least supportive of the HBM construct. Conclusion: Most participants demonstrate many areas to improve in their food handling practices, knowledge and beliefs. Adviser: Julie A. Albrecht

FOREST ANIMAL DAMAGE CONTROL

As a nation we have gained world recognition for our ability to utilize our resources. In forestry our greatest accomplishments have been in the mechanization of harvest methods and in improvements in forest products. The renewal of this resource has been our greatest neglect. Though the end of the 19th Century marked the beginning of the conservation movement, it was not until a half century later that the force of economics through the demands of a growing population made forest re-establishment more than just a desire. Conservation in itself is a Utopian concept which requires other motivating forces to make it a reality. In the post-war years, and as late as the early 195O's, stocked land in the Pacific Northwest could be purchased for less than the cost of planting; the economic incentive was lacking. Only with sustained yield management and increased land values was there a balance in favor of true values. With greater effort placed on forest regeneration there was an increased need for methods of reducing losses to wildlife. The history of forest wildlife damage research, therefore, parallels that of forest land management; after rather austere beginnings, development became predominantly a response to economics. It was not until 1950 that the full time of one scientist was assigned to this important activity. The development of control methods for forest animal damage is a relatively new area of research. All animal life is dependent upon plants for its existence; forest wildlife is no exception. The removal of seed and foliage of undesirable plants often benefits the land managers; only when the losses or injuries are in conflict with man's interest is there damage involved. Unfortunately, the feeding activities of wildlife and the interests of the land managers are often in conflict. Few realize the breadth, scope, and subtilities associated with forest wildlife damage problems. There are not only numerous species of animals involved, but also a myriad of conditions, each combination possessing unique facets. It is a foregone conclusion that an understanding of the conditions is essential to facilitate a solution to any given problem. Though there are numerous methods of reducing animal damage, all of which have application under some situations, in this discussion emphasis will be placed on the role of chemicals and on western problems. Because of the broadness and complexity of the problem, generalizing is necessary and only brief coverage will be possible. However, an attempt will be made to discuss the use and limitations of various control methods.