cAMP-dependent chloride secretion mediates tubule enlargement and cyst formation by cultured mammalian collecting duct cells.

Polycystic kidney diseases result from disruption of the genetically defined program that controls the size and geometry of renal tubules. Cysts which frequently arise from the collecting duct (CD) result from cell proliferation and fluid secretion. From mCCD(cl1) cells, a differentiated mouse CD cell line, we isolated a clonal subpopulation (mCCD-N21) that retains morphogenetic capacity. When grown in three-dimensional gels, mCCD-N21 cells formed highly organized tubular structures consisting of a palisade of polarized epithelial cells surrounding a cylindrical lumen. Subsequent addition of cAMP-elevating agents (forskolin or cholera toxin) or of membrane-permeable cAMP analogs (CPT-cAMP) resulted in rapid and progressive dilatation of existing tubules, leading to the formation of cystlike structures. When grown on filters, mCCD-N21 cells exhibited a high transepithelial resistance as well as aldosterone- and/or vasopressin-induced amiloride-sensitive and -insensitive current. The latter was in part inhibited by Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter (bumetanide) and chloride channel (NPPB) inhibitors. Real-time PCR analysis confirmed the expression of NKCC1, the ubiquitous Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter and cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) in mCCD-N21 cells. Tubule enlargement and cyst formation were prevented by inhibitors of Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporters (bumetanide or ethacrynic acid) or CFTR (NPPB or CFTR inhibitor-172). These results further support the notion that cAMP signaling plays a key role in renal cyst formation, at least in part by promoting chloride-driven fluid secretion. This new in vitro model of tubule-to-cyst conversion affords a unique opportunity for investigating the molecular mechanisms that govern the architecture of epithelial tubes, as well as for dissecting the pathophysiological processes underlying cystic kidney diseases.

Male and female reproductive systems of Stolas conspersa (Germar) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae)

Male and female reproductive systems of Stolas conspersa (Germar) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae). The male and female reproductive systems of Stolas conspersa (Germar, 1824) are described and illustrated for the first time. The male reproductive system shows no difference from the subfamily pattern, which is a tubular well-developed median lobe; "Y", "V" or T-shaped tegmen; reduced pygidium; internal sac membranous and tubular; flagellum generally well developed needle-like structured and gastral spiculum absent. However, the female differs from the pattern proposed for Stolas in two aspects: ovary with 28 ovarioles and a reduced ampulla with indistinct velum.

Aspectos reproductivos de Vinciguerria lucetia (Garman, 1899)

En el Perú, los estudios sobre peces mesopelágicos, fueron orientados hacia aspectos de taxonomía, distribución espacial y estimación acústica de la biomasa de Vinciguerria lucetia “vinciguerria”. Debido a su importancia tanto en el aspecto nutricional, económico como ecológico, la presente tesis pretende aportar una base científica para posteriores investigaciones, estableciendo una escala histológica de madurez gonadal que permita validar una escala macroscópica para facilitar el manejo de la obtención de datos sin tener que recurrir al uso de sofisticada maquinaria que actualmente es requerida para este tipo de investigación. El sistema reproductor de las hembras de V. lucetia consta de un par de ovarios, los cuales en su parte anterior están unidos por un solo oviducto y van adoptando una forma tubular en su parte media y posterior, terminando en bordes redondeados. Microscópicamente, los ovarios están conformados por una pared, lamelas y un estroma que los sostiene. El sistema reproductor de los machos consta de un par de testículos, de forma ligeramente laminar, con un túbulo de colección común que se engrosa en estadios maduros, microscópicamente, se diferenció una zona de crecimiento (periférica) y una zona de colección (central), en la primera se presentó los túbulos seminíferos y en la segunda los ductos eferentes. En el desarrollo ovocitario se caracterizó por presentar ovogonias y 5 tipos de ovocitos (inmaduro, pre-vitelogénico, vitelogénico, maduro e hidratado). Además de estructuras como folículos post – ovulatorios y atresia. El desarrollo espermatogénico presentó 4 tipos de células espermatogénicas (espermatogonia, espermatocito, espermátida y espermatozoide). La escala de madurez gonadal para hembras validada microscópicamente consta de 5 estadios (inmaduro, en maduración, maduro, desovante y recuperación) y macroscópicamente de 4 estadios (inmaduro, en maduración, maduro y desovante). Para machos, la escala macroscópica de madurez gonadal validada microscópicamente consta de 4 estadios (inmaduro, en maduración, maduro y expulsante). La proporción sexual de la fracción adulta fue favorable para hembras en el periodo de estudio y la talla de primera madurez gonadal para hembras a considerar es de 52 mm. El IGS promedio mostró un mayor valor para las hembras que para los machos, con un promedio de 5.19 ± 2.76 % y 4.38 ± 2.62 % respectivamente. El FC varió para las hembras de 0.20 - 0.87 %, con un promedio de 0.49 ± 0.09 % y para los machos de 0.28 - 0.87 %, con un promedio de 0.51 ± 0.09 %.

A natureza fractal de ácidos húmicos

Dentre as ferramentas usadas para descrever a estrutura ramificada ou a superfície rugosa e distorcida de ácidos húmicos (AH), a geometria fractal aparece como uma das mais adequadas para explicar a conformação de partículas húmicas (agregados moleculares). Do ponto de vista experimental, a dimensão fractal (D) de sistemas naturais pode ser determinada a partir do monitoramento da luz transmitida, não espalhada e não absorvida (turbidimetria 'τ'). A presença de fractais implica que o sistema pode ser decomposto em partes, em que cada uma, subseqüentemente, é cópia do todo. A determinação do valor 'D' dessas partículas foi conseguida pela utilização de turbidimetria, em que suspensões de AH-comercial e de AH-Espodossolo foram analisadas por espectrofotometria UV-Vis. O fundamento matemático utilizado foi a lei de potência τ ∝ λβ, em que β < 3 indica a presença de fractal de massa (Dm); 3 < β < 4 indica fractal de superfície (Ds), e β ≅ 3 indica não-fractal (NF). A declividade das retas (β) por meio do gráfico (logτ vs logλ) permitiu a obtenção de 'D'. Segundo os resultados, partículas de AH em suspensões aquosas diluídas formam estruturas fractais, cuja geometria pode ser caracterizada por meio de turbidimetria. Entretanto, a faixa de comprimento de onda usada (400 a 550 nm) ainda é pequena para se afirmar sobre a natureza fractal de AH e determinar suas dimensões fractais com precisão.

Planar homography: accuracy analysis and applications

Projective homography sits at the heart of many problems in image registration. In addition to many methods for estimating the homography parameters (R.I. Hartley and A. Zisserman, 2000), analytical expressions to assess the accuracy of the transformation parameters have been proposed (A. Criminisi et al., 1999). We show that these expressions provide less accurate bounds than those based on the earlier results of Weng et al. (1989). The discrepancy becomes more critical in applications involving the integration of frame-to-frame homographies and their uncertainties, as in the reconstruction of terrain mosaics and the camera trajectory from flyover imagery. We demonstrate these issues through selected examples

Macaulay style formulas for sparse resultants

We present formulas for computing the resultant of sparse polyno- mials as a quotient of two determinants, the denominator being a minor of the numerator. These formulas extend the original formulation given by Macaulay for homogeneous polynomials.

The Brauer group and the second Abel-Jacobi map for 0-cycles on algebraic varieties

This paper focuses on the connection between the Brauer group and the 0-cycles of an algebraic variety. We give an alternative construction of the second l-adic Abel-Jacobi map for such cycles, linked to the algebraic geometry of Severi-Brauer varieties on X. This allows us then to relate this Abel-Jacobi map to the standard pairing between 0-cycles and Brauer groups (see [M], [L]), completing results from [M] in this direction. Second, for surfaces, it allows us to present this map according to the more geometrical approach devised by M. Green in the framework of (arithmetic) mixed Hodge structures (see [G]). Needless to say, this paper owes much to the work of U. Jannsen and, especially, to his recently published older letter [J4] to B. Gross.

Borcherds products and arithmetic intersection theory on Hilbert modular surfaces

We prove an arithmetic version of a theorem of Hirzebruch and Zagier saying that Hirzebruch-Zagier divisors on a Hilbert modular surface are the coefficients of an elliptic modular form of weight 2. Moreover, we determine the arithmetic selfintersection number of the line bundle of modular forms equipped with its Petersson metric on a regular model of a Hilbert modular surface, and we study Faltings heights of arithmetic Hirzebruch-Zagier divisors.

Extensions of maps defined on many fibres

Let S be a fibred surface. We prove that the existence of morphisms from non countably many fibres to curves implies, up to base change, the existence of a rational map from S to another surface fibred over the same base reflecting the properties of the original morphisms. Under some conditions of unicity base change is not needed and one recovers exactly the initial maps.

Bounds on multisecant lines

The purpose of this paper is two fold. First, we give an upper bound on the orderof a multisecant line to an integral arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay subscheme in Pn of codimension two in terms of the Hilbert function. Secondly, we givean explicit description of the singular locus of the blow up of an arbitrary local ring at a complete intersection ideal. This description is used to refine standardlinking theorem. These results are tied together by the construction of sharp examples for the bound, which uses the linking theorems.

On the motive of a quotient variety

We show that the motive of the quotient of a scheme by a finite group coincides with the invariant submotive.