Filmes de metal-hexacianoferrato: Uma ferramenta em química analítica

Chemically modified electrodes based on hexacyanometalate films are presented as a tool in analytical chemistry. Use of amperometric sensors and/or biosensors based on the metal-hexacyanoferrate films is a tendency. This article reviews some applications of these films for analytical determination of both inorganic (e.g. As3+, S2O3 2-) and organic (e.g. cysteine, hydrazine, ascorbic acid, gluthatione, glucose, etc.) compounds.

Patologia clínica em aves de produção - Uma ferramenta para monitorar a sanidade avícola - Revisäo

Clinical pathology has been used in veterinary medicine for many years to evaluate metabolic changes that may indicate any sign of disease in animals. Even though the use of blood parameters is routine in companion animals, it is not commonly used for avian clinical evaluation either wild or production birds. Among others, the lack of information of avian blood reference values has limited the use of this tool in avian medicine. The blood parameters in avian medicine are helpful to evaluate aspects related to animal health for wild and also production birds. Thus, this review paper presents some ways to use clinical pathology parameters to evaluate and to monitor the avian health.

WEDGE - ferramenta on-line de gerenciamento, análise e otimização de processos

This article summarizes the implementation of an online process management, analysis, and optimization tool at Lwarcel Celulose e Papel, within the PIMS and MES philosophy, for process indicator implementation, understanding of variables, and their cause-effect relationship in the process, as well as the achievement of operational benchmarking. The process analysis, by means of statistical tools, allied to mathematical modeling algorithms used in Wedge, makes it possible to identify the relevant information for process and quality improvement with regard to efficiency, equipment maintenance, productivity, and uniformity of the end product quality, reduction of unwanted shutdowns, and quicker resolution of process problems.

Um novo jogo para o estudo do raciocínio combinatório e do cálculo de probabilidade

We present an educational proposal for the study of combinatorial reasoning and calculation of probabilities based on a game and problem solving methodology, aiming to support the teaching of mathematical content. A review of the literature related to the teaching and learning of the concepts of combinatorial reasoning and probability is presented. The game is original, using a board game similar to Tic-tac-toe, and the movements of its parts have some similarities, in particular those made with the rook and pawn pieces of the game of chess. We formulate various activities (problems) involving the game which, in the process of solving them, using the problem solving methodology and with the appropriate intervention of the teacher, encourage students to develop strategies for counting, an indispensable tool in the initial study of Combinatorial Analysis and Calculation of Probabilities.

Argentina: un análisis de los tributos directos y cálculo de evasión

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México: la tributación directa, cálculo de evasión en el impuesto a la renta y desafíos

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Estudio sobre el desarrollo económico y perspectivas para Centroamérica y la República Dominicana: metodología para el cálculo del desempeño fiscal con corrección cíclica

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Mapeamento de Paleosuperfícies associadas a identificação de depósitos supérgenos de cobre como ferramenta de exploração mineral na região de Itapeva e Ribeirão Branco- Vale do Ribeira, estado de São Paulo, Brasil

A few examples of supergene ore formation and their interaction with morphogenesis (palaeosurfaces) and weathering mineralogy are discussed. Geomorphological and mineralogical records to characterize palaeosurfaces associate the weathering of primary minerals and their relationship with concentrations of cooper and iron ore deposits in southeastern state of São Paulo, Brazil. We have distinguished two palaeosurfaces generated by several weathering phases and controlled by the geological framework. The first and oldest upper palaeosurfaces (900 - 1000 m a.s.l.), situated in Riberão Branco (Alto do Brancal), were developed on silico-limestones. It is formed by typical iron laterites enriched by secondary products of cooper. The second and younger level palaeosurfaces located in Itapeva (Santa Blandina and Bairro do Sambra). This palaeosurface is formed by copper percolating through the weathered rock (saprolite). Other features can be observed like neo-formed products in laterites. They are classified into two types: clay like silico- cupriferous products (with noticeable amounts of iron) and copper minerals (crysocolla, in their flat slopes). These features allowed the presence of copper ores and their morphogenesis control will help in the exploration and prospecting of supergene ore mineral.

Reforma previsional en Brasil: la nueva regla para el cálculo de los beneficios

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Eficácia do tetra-test como ferramenta de gestão da qualidade do leite cru refrigerado

The effectiveness of a new management tool for screening refrigerated raw milk quality in a dairy industry is provided. Three hundred and seventy-four samples of raw milk from individual producers and 125 samples from bulk milk carriers from the same producers were analyzed. Producers' samples underwent a fast tube reduction test, or Tetra-Test, to estimate total bacteriological charge and their predominant microbiota. Bulk milk samples underwent standard plate count (SPC) as reference method. Tetra-test was effective in screening and assessing the microbiological quality of refrigerated raw milk, since 82.4% of samples with more than 106UFC/mL were readily detected (5 minutes to 2h). The test may be employed as a management tool either in screening or in interventions on the detected problem. In fact, its results provided complementary information on the characteristics of dominant microbiota. Most samples failed in compliance to IN 51 requirements. Further, 211 samples (56.4%) showed high microbial charge and, consequently, poor quality raw milk. Psychrotrophic groups were not yet the main degrading factors of cooled raw milk, albeit present in 76.8% of samples.

Análise sensorial como ferramenta útil no desenvolvimento de cosméticos

In assessing the quality of cosmetics, sensory analysis has an undisputed role as a tool of scientific measurement, since no analytical tool is capable of replacing the human senses. In product development, sensory analysis is a uniquely useful tool to measure consumer acceptance. The objective of this paper is to present a critical review of the issue based on published papers and sensory test results obtained by our research group, which can assist cosmetics development.

Conceptos y métodos de cálculo de la relación de precios del intercambio exterior = The concept of terms of trade and methods of computation

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Experiencias en América Latina sobre el cálculo del producto trimestral

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