Avaliação preliminar do efeito da Physalis angulata L. sobre a obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica

The obesity has been considered one of the most serious public health problem in the worldwide scale, especially for being one of the main risk factors for many chronic diseases that characterize the metabolic syndrome. In addition to these diseases, obesity also causes dermatoses that affect not only the individual emotions but also cause various cutaneous infections. Thus, overweighting can be an agent that causes many types of stress: psychological, physical and social. In order to improve people’s life quality, several ethnopharmacological studies indicate plant species for the treatment of disorders associated with obesity due to the attraction of this regimen is perceived as safer and more health effective when compared to the treatment performed by traditional anorectic substances. If considered both food intake and also oral treatment with different compounds can promote change in the gene expression, besides an appropriate diet has been maintenance mechanism of body's vital functions. The aim of this work was to develop new standard methods for induced obesity and stress, which stress is induced through physical and psychogenic stressors in Swiss male mice. Also to evaluate the effect of supercritical extract of Physalis angulata L. on the food intake and corporeal weight loss

Análise ergonômica de equipamentos odontológicos

This is study proposes to evaluate the ergonomic aspects of dental equipments. Based on the characteristics proposed by ISO/FDI, on the existing literature and related researches an evaluating system was devised. Thirty nine dental clinics were examined using the 165 pointssystem proposed, distributed in 12 criteria. None of the dental clinics examined showed a bad ergonomics level, 41% were good and 59% reached excellent levels. The point-supported evaluation system proposed is effective in the analysis of the ergonomic conditions of dental equipments, allowing a quantification of their characteristics. Using this system, the dentist can also know the level of ergonomic satisfaction existing in his equipment, and identify the conditions to be improved. It was concluded that the equipment belonging to dental workplaces evaluated had excellent level of compliance, however corrective measures are needed since even the presence of a few non-conforming items is a sufficient condition to cause injury to users, decreased efficiency and comfort and loss quality of service

Vigorexia e mídia: fatores de influência

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Alterações hematológicas associadas ao hifema em cães

Hyphema is an intraocular hemorrhage that can result from many ocular and/or systemic disorders. It is an important clinical sign, since it may appear in the initial stages of some diseases or haematological disorders, acting as an initial marker for early diagnosis. The hematologic disturbances that predispose animals to present hyphema are: Thrombocytopenia, von Willebrand Disease, Scott Syndrome, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Hyperviscosity Syndrome due to Multiple Myeloma. Each of the differential diagnoses due to hematological changes from the appearance of hyphema in dogs shows clinical relevance and particular ocular signs

Uso de esteróides anabolizantes androgênicos: estudo sobre a vigorexia e a insatisfação corporal

Falar sobre imagem corporal têm se tornado cada vez mais frequente no mundo atual. A cada dia que passa evidenciamos estereótipos corporais sendo nos concedidos por inúmeros meios de comunicação através da sociedade para uma padronização da nossa estética corporal. Com esse quadro de incessante insatisfação corporal da população diante de seus corpos, inúmeros distúrbios relacionados à imagem corporal que antes eram exclusivamente relacionados ao público feminino começaram a surgir para o público masculino, como a anorexia, a bulimia e o mais recente deles, o transtorno dismórfico corporal, conhecido por vigorexia. Os vigoréxicos, muitas vezes, acabam buscando seu aprimoramento estético através do uso de anabolizantes. Diante disso, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar a insatisfação corporal, a vigorexia e os esteroides anabolizantes androgênicos. Optou-se por um questionário de 13 questões de múltipla escolha e a identificação do indivíduo, adaptado do Questionário do Complexo de Adônis (POPE JR. et. al., 2000), aplicado numa academia de classe média na cidade de Rio Claro, interior de São Paulo. O questionário foi respondido por 93 indivíduos do sexo masculino com idade entre 14 e 53 anos, com tempo médio de treinamento de 39,3 ± 57,62 meses. Para este estudo, foram utilizadas apenas quatro questões do questionário para análise de resultados e discussão, de modo a trabalhar nosso objetivo. Como resultado da analise das questões escolhidas, obtivemos na questão 2, 48,39% dos indivíduos relatando se perturbar as vezes com suas preocupações com a aparência e 5,38% frequentemente. Enquanto que na questão 4, constatamos que 90,32% dedicam mais de 30 minutos do seu dia envolvidos em atividades destinadas a melhorar sua aparência, deixando muitas vezes de se sociabilizar e fazer seus demais afazeres para dedicar-se a sua estética, corroborando... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Avaliação preliminar dos efeitos de Bidens pilosa L. sobre a obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica

The obesity along with overweight has been considered one of the most serious public health problems in the world, especially because they are the main risk factors for many chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and some types of tumors, which are associated with high mortality rates. The use of functional foods and appropriate diets to promote health has grown as a prevention mechanism. Previous studies suggested Bidens pilosa L. for the treatment of disorders associated with obesity, with one important attraction of this regiment is perceived as safer and more effective health than the traditional anorexigen .The aim of this project is to standardize a new model of obesity induced by hipercaloric diet in Swiss mice, and also to evaluate the effect of Bidens pilosa L. extract in the reduction of food intake, weight and toxicity. After induction of obesity, the animals were treated for 21 days with the extract. Then the animals were killed and samples were collected for further analysis. Preliminary, the effect of this product has being evaluated on the daily food intake and body weight. In dose of 100mg/Kg, there were no significant changes in food intake and body weight. Thus, this concentration of Bidens pilosa was not effective in reducing body weight of obese animals, and did not reduce food intake

Avaliação da atividade do tipo ansiolítica e antidepressiva do óleo essencial de Cananga odorata por meio de procedimento sequencial em camundongos

Os distúrbios do sistema nervoso central mais comuns relatados no mundo são a ansiedade e a depressão, com grande incidência de casos nos quais aparecem juntos. Os tratamentos utilizados na clínica além de não serem efetivos na totalidade dos casos podem, por vezes, apresentar diversos efeitos não desejados. Assim, na busca novas drogas mais efetivas e com menor incidência de efeitos adversos, a Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thomson aparece como uma alternativa. Esta espécie vegetal é utilizada na aromaterapia como na prevenção do estresse, ansiedade e depressão (BIRD, 2003). A busca de novas ferramentas terapêuticas depende do uso de animais de experimentação, e com as discussões na sociedade científica sobre o uso de animais, há uma maior preocupação em se desenvolver novas técnicas experimentais onde se possa aplicar os conceitos dos 3Rs objetivando a redução (Replacement) do número de animais, sua substituição (Reduction) e o refinamento (Refinement) das técnicas experimentais. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a atividade ansiolítica e antidepressiva do óleo essencial (OE) de Cananga odorata, em animais que foram sucessivamente submetidos a testes para avaliar a atividade motora, ansiolítica e antidepressiva. Camundongos machos foram tratados por via oral com OE nas doses de 0,1; 1, 10 e 100 mg/kg, e após 30 minutos foram submetidos ao teste do Campo Aberto, da Caixa Claro-Escuro e Suspensão pela Cauda, nesta ordem, com um intervalo de 30 minutos entre eles. Os resultados indicaram que a seqüência de testes é adequada para a avaliação destas atividades com economia de tempo, animais e drogas

Levantamento da mastofauna terrestre de médio e grande porte ao longo da Rodovia Alcides Soares, Botucatu-SP, como subsídio para ações de conservação

Atropelamentos associados à fragmentação dos habitats naturais, tanto para construção de estradas, quanto para agricultura, são uma das principais causas de mortalidade para várias espécies de animais silvestres pelo mundo todo. Durante o período de agosto de 2011 e junho de 2012, em um trecho da Estrada Vicinal Alcides Rodrigues Soares do município de Botucatu, interior do estado de SP, foi realizado o levantamento de mamíferos terrestres de médio e grande porte através do método de parcelas de areia e transecto, além da procura de carcaça de animais atropelados. Espécies como Onça-parda (Puma concolor) e Tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), ambas em situação vulnerável de extinção, foram registradas em proximidade da estrada. Através dos dados obtidos, tem se como objetivo demonstrar a importância da valorização da fauna local, com a construção de passagens de fauna, como uma das medidas para a sua conservação e consequente redução dos diversos distúrbios e impactos causados por estradas

Rodococose equina: uma revisão com ênfase na fisiopatogenia e tratamento

The rhodococcosis affects humans and animals. Equine are the most important species for rhodococcosis, which is considered the most debilitating disease in the creation of foals, leading to a mortality rates greater than 50% in this category. The disease is caused by Rhodococcus equi, a bacteria considered as a soil-born opportunistic microorganism, intracellular and ubiquitous. The disease in horses is manifested mainly in the form of pyogranulomatous pneumonia and less often in the form of enteric disorders and / or joint disorders. Transmission occurs mainly by ingestion of contaminated food and water, and inhalation in contaminated environment. The organism has mechanisms of evasion of the immune system, maintain viable in inside phagocytic cells, and induces piogranulomatous infections, leading to lesions of difficult treatment using conventional antimicrobials. Lipophilic drugs with good intracellular activity are required to successful treatment. The conventional treatment for foals is based on the combination of erythromycin and rifampin. However, there is a growing concern about the emergence of resistant strains, which makes increasingly studies on the development of alternative antimicrobials for therapy

Cetoacidose diabética em pequenos animais

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most serious complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in small animals (SILVA, 2006). It is an acute metabolic disorder, potentially fatal, both in humans and in dogs and cats with DM (BRUYETTE, 1997), being related, mostly, to insulin-dependent diabetics (CHASTAIN, 1981; HUME et al., 2006). DKA is a medical emergency characterized by extreme metabolic abnormalities, including hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, ketonemia, dehydration and electrolyte loss (MACINTIRE, 2006) and its diagnosis may be established basically by the detection of ketonuria and metabolic acidosis (NELSON, 2009). The primary purposes of the treatment of DKA are intravascular volume restoration, dehydration, acid-base and electrolyte’s imbalances correction and blood glucose concentration reduction (BOYSEN, 2008). The treatment’s success depends of the clinical status at the time of diagnosis and of the introduction of an appropriate therapy to the conditions of each patient (CHASTAIN, 1981)

Estudos moleculares das regiões cromossômicas 7q31 e 7q34 em portadores de gagueira persistente familial

A gagueira é um distúrbio no ritmo da fala no qual o indivíduo sabe precisamente o que quer dizer, mas ao mesmo tempo é incapaz de dizê-lo devido à repetição involuntária, ao prolongamento ou à cessação do som. Este distúrbio da comunicação acomete cerca de 1 a 2 % da população mundial, e esta freqüência varia de acordo com a idade, sendo mais comum em crianças com idade pré-escolar (de 2,4 a 5%); e com o sexo (3 M : 1 F). Desde a década de 50 a gagueira vem sendo estudada por fonoaudiólogos e geneticistas. Vários fatores são tidos na literatura como de risco para o desenvolvimento da gagueira persistente, dentre os quais destacamos: idade, sexo, tipo e tempo de duração das disfluências, outros distúrbios fonoaudiológicos, características secundárias, fatores genéticos, comportamentos familiares e outros. Desta forma, a gagueira não deve ser tratada como uma entidade nosológica única, pois apresenta característica multidimensional e multifatorial. Dentre os principais fatores que sugerem etiologia genética para a gagueira destacamos: 1)Gagueira presente em agregados familiais; 2)Maior probabilidade de se desenvolver em indivíduos consanguíneos; 3)Semelhança dos traços fenotípicos característicos, independente da língua e cultura; 4)Maior concordância entre gêmeos monozigóticos do que em gêmeos dizigóticos. A triagem genômica em famílias de gagos provenientes do Paquistão, e dos Estados Unidos, Suécia e Israel indicaram uma possível ligação da gagueira com o cromossomo 7. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a análise de ligação nas regiões cromossômicas 7q31 e 7q34 através de marcadores microssatélites em 31 famílias brasileiras com gagueira persistente, com mais de um indivíduo gago em idade acima de 6 anos. Utilizou-se para a classificação da gagueira, o SSI aplicado por profissionais especializados nesta disfluência... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Efeito de intervenções não farmacológicas nos níveis de estresse em cuidadores de pacientes com doença de Alzheimer: uma revisão sistemática

Beside aging process comes the incidence of dementia and, among them Alzheimer's disease (AD) accounts for approximately 60% of cases. This disease is characterized as a neuropathology with unknown etiology that causes cognitive deficits and behavioral disorders. Caring for patients with AD can cause an overload, both physical and psychological, which can cause high levels of stress on the primary caregiver. It is necessary that the caregiver also receives attention and develop activities that promote health benefits, while providing moments of distraction from the task of caring. Nonpharmacological interventions may be favorable for improving health with consequent decreased on the levels of stress. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of scientific papers that aimed to verify the effect of nonpharmacological interventions on stress levels in caregivers of patients with AD. To contamplate this goal was accomplished a systematic search in the following databases: Biological Abstracts, PsycINFO, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, LILACS and SciELO. The following keywords and Boolean operators was used: “caregivers” OR “family” and “nonpharmacological interventions” OR “support groups” OR “therapies” AND “Alzheimer's disease” OR “Alzheimer's dementia” OR “Alzheimer” OR “elderly” AND “stress”. There were found 3studies that met inclusion criteria adopted for the present work, and none showed significant results for the variable stress. It is not possible to affirm, according to the studies, that nonpharmacologial interventions programs for caregivers of patients with AD are effective to influence and to control the stress. However, studies show benefits for other variables such as self-efficacy and confidence in relation to care... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Avaliação da exposição ao propionato de testosterona em ratas fêmeas in utero e lactação

It is known that exposure to substances in the environment can contribute to various reproductive disorders, especially if such exposure occurs during critical periods of development such as the intra-uterine and postnatal. The female reproductive system may be the target of androgens, both as a result of exposure to environmental chemicals, or by pathological conditions (polycystic ovary syndrome or congenital adrenal hyperplasia).Usually, little attention is given off in relation to the study of androgenic effects in the female reproductive axis. This study aims to evaluate the effects of exposure to androgens on the development, structure and reproductive function in rats whose mothers were exposed to testosterone propionate from gestational day 12 (DG12) after weaning - postnatal day 21 (DPN21) . For this purpose, pregnancy rats were divided into four groups: a control group that received corn oil (vehicle) and three groups receiving testosterone propionate in doses of 0.05 mg / kg / day, 0.1 mg / kg / day and 0.2 mg / kg / day, all under the same experimental conditions. The possible effects of exposure were assessed using reproductive parameters, such as a measure of anogenital distance, count areolas / nipples, age at vaginal opening and first estrus (puberty indicative installation), weight and histological evaluation of the reproductive organs ( uterus and ovaries), weight of the kidneys, liver and pituitary hormone levels, regularity of the estrous cycle, sexual behavior and fertility. Such analysis is important in understanding the effects of androgen exposure on the female genital system, especially on the reproductive potential, and processes that may involve morphofunctional changes. In these experimental conditions, it is concluded that treatment with PT caused reduction in body weight and initial masculinization in females without cubs, however, commit further sexual development

Acupuntura veterinária em pequenos animais

Acupuncture is one of the oldest forms of treatment, which is based in the grounds of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Despite the ancient history, it’s not completely widespread in Brazil, neither so comprehensive in veterinary medicine as used in humans. The technique of inserting needles into acupuncture points, can also be stimulated by heat, electrical stimulation or implants of metal, is mainly focused on neuromuscular disorders in small animals. The difficulty of comprehension of language and the lack of cientific bases restricted the possible applications of acupuncture. This work will address some of the clinical situations this complementary treatment can act, such as neurological, cardiorespiratory, reproductive, gastrointestinal, immunological, and postoperative intensive care

Interferência do bullying no esporte de alto rendimento

Examine the phenomenon of bullying behavior that makes people teased, laughter, sarcasm, irony, among other types of attacks. This is not only physically, but with moral violence, emotional or psychological. When there is an effective intervention against bullying, all individuals in the group start to suffer with this situation, which can lead to psychological disorders, hampering the progress of relations as well as team sports, over a period of training and competition. This article analyzed a sample of athletes in order to find behaviors that characterize the extent of bullying and can see the consequences of it, as early drop out. Through the results it was concluded that the actions that characterize bullying are present in very high performance football and may even lead to drop out the sport. We also evaluate the environments frequented by teams can become enhancers of this phenomenon, they are times when athletes have a living space and one that may become amenable to the events, plus the fact that many athletes have already thought about leaving the sport because to bullying