995 resultados para Calor - Avaliação de riscos de saúde
Resumo:
A condição da deficiência é observada ao longo da história da humanidade. Informações, da Organização Mundial da Saúde e do Brasil, mostram a existência no país de 3,6 milhões de pessoas com deficiências visuais, sendo 900 mil cegos e 2,7 milhões de pessoas com baixa visão. A evolução da deficiência visual está relacionada às questões, como o crescimento populacional, dificuldades econômicas, aumento da expectativa de vida, escassez de serviços especializados e falhas na prevenção. Os participantes, deste estudo, foram adolescentes com deficiência visual, possuidores de baixa visão. Foram investigados os fatores de risco e de proteção a saúde e a vida e a avaliação da qualidade de vida. O método de investigação é exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, uma obtida com a aplicação de uma escala de autopreenchimento, que aborda a percepção dos sujeitos sobre a qualidade de vida e a outra, a partir de entrevistas individuais. As análises dos dados obtidos apresentam, que a Qualidade de Vida é percebida e avaliada por eles, positivamente, pois, não existem indicadores negativos nesta questão. Os domínios com maior predominância foram o físico e o psicológico, em que se sobressaiu em comparação aos domínios das relações sociais e meio ambiente. Em relação aos riscos, observamos que existe maior vulnerabilidade em relação à locomoção em espaço público, o nível de deficiência, a superproteção materna e familiar, a dificuldade no processo de ensino aprendizagem, isolamento, fazer escolhas, bebidas alcoólicas e sexualidade. Relatam que lidam com esses riscos por meio da estimulação dos demaissentidos, pelo uso e estimulação da visão residual, boa, meio de uma boa saúde, integração grupal, utilização dos discursos disponíveis, como tecnologia e Braille e por meio da religiosidade. Revelam que a proteção ocorre a partir da auto-estima, do suporte social, por meio de amigos e familiares, pelos professores e um processo de ensino/aprendizagem adequado a esta condição, além do lazer. As expectativas para o futuro envolvem trabalho e estudo, além de questões de desenvolvimento pessoal, profissional e social. Os adolescentes, com deficiência visual, pesquisados, buscam mais autonomia e oportunidades para atravessar os desafios desta complexa etapa do ciclo vital da mesma forma que os demais adolescentes
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ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the quality of prenatal Primary Care in Rio G rande do Norte, Brazil in 2012 under the program Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care. The study was cross - sectional, quantitative. Included 156 mothers of children under 2 years who received prenatal care at the health evaluated. We applied a ques tionnaire on profile, minimum queries, regularity of attendance, laboratory tests, vaccination, participation in educational activities, guidance received, clinical and obstetric procedures and prescription Ferrous sulphate and folic acid. The descriptive analysis of the criteria used Humanization Program Prenatal and Birth. The results showed that 92% of mothers had six or more visits; 85% with the same care was professional; 94% subsequent appointments scheduled. As for tests and procedures the percentage s were: Urine 98%; HIV - 96%; VDRL and 88%; 91% glucose; tetanus vaccination 93%; educational groups 56% with 36% participation, knowledge of the delivery location and 59% achievement breast exam 65%, 33% and preventive gynecological 43%; 98% supplemented wi th 96% Ferrous Sulfate and Folic Acid. It was concluded that there were advances in Rio Grande do Norte concerning assistance and there are weaknesses in the educational practices and conducting some minimal clinical examinations.
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The Physical Rehabilitation services (PR) are of fundamental importance in combating the global epidemic of Traffic Accidents (TA). Considering the numerous physical and social consequences of the survivors, quality problems in access to PR are a hazard to recovery of victims. It is necessary to improve the management of quality of services, assessing priority dimensions and intervening in their causes, to ensure rehabilitation available in time and suitable conditions. This study aimed to identify barriers to access to rehabilitation considering the perception of TA victims and professionals. The aim is also to estimate the access to rehabilitation and their associated factors. This is a qualitative and quantitative study of exploratory nature developed in Natal / RN with semi-structured interviews with 19 health professionals and telephone survey to 155 victims of traffic accidents. To explore barriers to access the speeches were transcribed and analyzed using the Alceste software (version 4.9). During the interviews used the following guiding question: “What barriers hinder or prevent access to physical rehabilitation for victims of traffic accidents?”. The names of classes and axes resulting from Alceste was performed by ad hoc query to three external researchers with subsequent consensus of the most representative name of analysis. We conducted multivariate analysis of the influence of the variables of the accident, sociodemographic, clinical and assistance on access to rehabilitation. Associations with p <0.20 in the bivariate analysis were submitted to logistic regression, step by step, with p <0.05 and confidence interval (CI) of 95%. The main barriers identified were: “Bureaucratic regulation”, “Long time to start rehabilitation”, “No post-surgery referral” and “inefficiency of public services”. These barriers were divided into a theoretical model built from the cause-effect diagram, in which we observed that insufficient access to rehabilitation is the product of causes related to organizational structure, work processes, professional and patients. Was constructed two logistic regression models: “General access to rehabilitation” and “Access to rehabilitation to public service”. 51.6% of patients had access to rehabilitation, and 32.9% in public and 17.9% in the private sector. The regression model “General access to rehabilitation” included the variables Income (OR:3.7), Informal Employment (OR:0.11), Unemployment (OR:0.15), Perceived Need for PR (OR:10) and Referral (OR: 27.5). The model “Access to rehabilitation in the public service” was represented by the “Referral to Public Service” (OR: 23.0) and “Private Health Plan” (OR: 0.07). Despite the known influence of social determinants on access to health services, a situation difficult to control by the public administration, this study found that the organizational and bureaucratic procedures established in health care greatly determine access to rehabilitation. Access difficulties show the seriousness of the problem and the factors suggest the need for improvements in comprehensive care for TA survivors and avoid unnecessary prolongation of the suffering of the victims of this epidemic.
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Objective: Evaluate the determinants of morbidity and mortality in an obstetric intensive care unit and professional medical skills of students/residents at a university hospital. Methods: observational cross - sectional with 492 pregnant/pue rperal women and 261 students/residents. Patients were admitted to the obstetric intensive care unit during a year, being informed about the proposals of the study and a questionnaire was applied. The analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2013 and G raphPad6. Chi - square tests were used to evaluate risk factors and student t test evaluates resident/students' skills concerning the cognitive test and the Mini - Cex. Results: the main risk factors to near miss were: non - white race (OR = 2.527; RR = 2.342) ; marital status(married women) (OR = 7.968; RR = 7.113) , schooling (primary) (OR = 3.177 ; RR = 2.829) , from country town (OR = 4.643 ; RR = 4.087), low income (OR = 7014 ; RR = 5.554) , gestational hypertensive disorders (OR = 16.35 ; RR = 13.27) , re alization of pre - natal (OR = 5.023 ; RR = 4.254) and C - section before labor(OR = 39.21 ; RR = 31.25). In cognitive/Mini - cex analysis were noted significant difference in the performance of students on the subject (3.75 ± 0.93, 4.03 ± 0.94 and 4.88 ± 0.35). We still observed the best performance of residents, when compared to graduation students (p < 0.01). Conclusions: the prevalence of near miss was associated with socioeconomic/clinics factors and care issues, revealing the importance of interventions to improve these indicators. In addition, we suggest a better curriculum insertion of this subject in the medical Course disciplines due the importance to avoid the near miss through of adequacy of medical education.
Resumo:
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a incorporação da saúde bucal no Programa Saúde da Família no Rio Grande do Norte, com base na análise de fatores capazes de interferir no processo de mudança dos modelos assistenciais em saúde bucal. Esta avaliação tomou como referência três dimensões: o acesso, a organização do trabalho e as estratégias de programação. Foram sorteados 19 municípios no estado. Os instrumentos de coleta foram a entrevista estruturada aplicada a gestores e dentistas, a observação estruturada e a pesquisa documental. Foi possível identificar precariedade nas relações de trabalho e dificuldades no referenciamento para média e alta complexidade, na intersetorialidade, no diagnóstico epidemiológico e na avaliação das ações. A maioria dos municípios apresentou pouco ou nenhum avanço no modelo assistencial em saúde bucal. Os municípios que demonstraram avanços apresentaram alta expectativa de vida ao nascer, baixas taxas de mortalidade infantil, valores per capita entre os mais altos do Estado e altos valores de IDH-M. Concluiu-se que políticas públicas que contemplam aspectos além dos pertinentes ao setor saúde são decisivas para uma real mudança nos modelos assistenciais.
Resumo:
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a incorporação da saúde bucal no Programa Saúde da Família no Rio Grande do Norte, com base na análise de fatores capazes de interferir no processo de mudança dos modelos assistenciais em saúde bucal. Esta avaliação tomou como referência três dimensões: o acesso, a organização do trabalho e as estratégias de programação. Foram sorteados 19 municípios no estado. Os instrumentos de coleta foram a entrevista estruturada aplicada a gestores e dentistas, a observação estruturada e a pesquisa documental. Foi possível identificar precariedade nas relações de trabalho e dificuldades no referenciamento para média e alta complexidade, na intersetorialidade, no diagnóstico epidemiológico e na avaliação das ações. A maioria dos municípios apresentou pouco ou nenhum avanço no modelo assistencial em saúde bucal. Os municípios que demonstraram avanços apresentaram alta expectativa de vida ao nascer, baixas taxas de mortalidade infantil, valores per capita entre os mais altos do Estado e altos valores de IDH-M. Concluiu-se que políticas públicas que contemplam aspectos além dos pertinentes ao setor saúde são decisivas para uma real mudança nos modelos assistenciais.
Resumo:
Technological advances combined with healthcare assistance bring increased risks related to patient safety, causing health institutions to be environments susceptible to losses in the provided care. Sectors of high complexity, such as Intensive Care Units have such characteristics highlighted due to being spaces designed for the care of patients in serious medical condition, when the use of advanced technological devices becomes a necessity. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess nursing care from the perspective of patient safety in intensive care units. This is an evaluative research, which combines various forms of data collection and analysis in order to conduct a deepened investigation. Data collection occurred in loco, from April to July 2014 in hospitals equipped with adult intensive care unit services. For this, a checklist instrument and semi-structured interviews conducted with patients, families, professionals were used in order to evaluate the structure-process-outcome triad. The instrument for nursing care assessment regarding Patient Safety included 97 questions related to structure and processes. Interviews provided data for outcome analysis. The selection of interviewees/participants was based on the willingness of potential participants. The following methods were used to collect data resulting from the instrument: statistical analysis of inter-rater reliability measure known as kappa (K); observations from judges resulting from the observation process; and added information obtained from the literature on the thematic. Data analysis from the interviews was carried out with IRAMUTEQ software, which used Descending Hierarchical Classification and Similarity analysis to aid in data interpretation. Research steps followed the ethical principles presented by Resolution No. 466 of December 12, 2012, and the results were presented in three manuscripts: 1) Evaluation of patient safety in Intensive Care Units: a focus on structure; 2) Health evaluation processes: a nursing care perspective on patient safety; 3) Patient safety in intensive care units: perception of nurses, family members and patients. The first article, related to the structure, refers to the use of 24 items of the employed instrument, showing that most of the findings were not aligned with the adequacy standards, which indicates poor conditions in structures offered in health services. The second article provides an analysis of the pillar of Processes, with the use of 73 items of the instrument, showing that 50 items did not meet the required standards for safe handling due to the absence of adequate scientific guidance and effective communication in nursing care process. For the third article, results indicate that intensive care units were safe places, yet urges for changes, especially in the physical structure and availability of materials and communication among professionals, patients and families. Therefore, our findings suggest that the nursing care being provided in the evaluated intensive care units contains troubling shortcomings with regards to patient safety, thereby evidencing an insecure setting for the assistance offered, in addition to a need for urgent measures to remedy the identified inadequacies with appropriate structures and implement protocols and care guidelines in order to consolidate an environment more favorable to patient safety.
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Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially malignant disorder which affects the lip vermilion and results from chronic exposure to sunlight. Currently, it is not possible to predict which cases of AC may progress to squamous cell carcinoma, and therefore, some biomolecular markers have been researched. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is an enzyme associated with inflammatory response which is overexpressed in oral cancer; however, little is known about the role of this protein in actinic cheilitis. About the treatment of this lesion, currently available therapeutic modalities to AC may cause cytotoxic effects and deleterious results to patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoexpression of COX-2 in AC of different risks of malignant transformation and analyse, through clinical follow-up, the efficacy of diclofenac sodium 3% gel in the treatment of this condition. Epithelial immunoexpression of COX-2 was analysed semi-quantitatively in 90 cases of AC classified as low risk (n = 55) and high risk (n = 35) of malignant transformation, in which the scores were assigned: (0) 0 to 5% of positive cells - Negative; (1) 6 to 30% of positive cells - Low expression; (2) 31 to 100% of positive cells - High expression. The chi-square test of Pearson was conducted to verify possible associations between immunoexpression of COX-2 and histologic grade of actinic cheilitis. The weighted kappa coefficient denoted a good interobserver agreement (0.677). Nineteen patients diagnosed with AC were instructed to perform topical application of the gel three times a day for a period of 90 days. In each biweekly visit, a follow-up record was accomplished through digital photographs and after treatment was completed, two researchers analysed all the images to assess clinical aspects of the lip. Furthermore, tolerability to the drug and patient satisfaction after treatment were evaluated. COX-2 was overexpressed in 74.4% of AC cases. Both low and high-risk groups revealed predominance of score 3, followed by scores 2 and 1. There was no significant association (p = 0.315) between COX-2 expression and histological grading. Among the total number of participants of this clinical study, ten showed total remission of all clinical features of the lesion and three had partial improvement of these characteristics. One participant presented worsening of the clinical condition. In five cases, the treatment was discontinued due to development of mild adverse effects at the site of gel application. Regarding analysis of satisfaction and tolerability to the drug, most patients were fully satisfied with the therapy (n = 11) and reported that the drug was not irritating to the lips (n = 9). Our study demonstrates that high expression of COX-2 is common in AC; however, this protein was not associated with malignant transformation risk of the analysed cases. Topical application of diclofenac sodium 3% gel provided a convenient and well tolerated approach in most cases, and may be a promising alternative for the treatment of actinic cheilitis.
Resumo:
MORENO,Cléa Maria da Costa,ENDERS,Bertha Cruz, SIMPSON, Clélia Albino. Avaliação das capacitações de Hanseníase: enfermeiros opinião de médicos e enfermeiros das equipes de saúde da família. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, Brasília, v.61,n.esp.p. 671-5.2008.
Resumo:
MORENO,Cléa Maria da Costa,ENDERS,Bertha Cruz, SIMPSON, Clélia Albino. Avaliação das capacitações de Hanseníase: enfermeiros opinião de médicos e enfermeiros das equipes de saúde da família. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, Brasília, v.61,n.esp.p. 671-5.2008.
Resumo:
Objetivo geral da pesquisa foi identificar os fatores associados e preditivos de quedas em idosos domiciliados em uma cidade do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, considerando as características sociodemográficas e epidemiológicas e utilizando-se de fatores ambientais da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF). Objetivos específicos: identificar as características sociodemográficas e epidemiológicas de idosos domiciliados em uma cidade do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil; descrever os fatores sociodemográficos e epidemiológicos que influenciam nas quedas em idosos domiciliados; Relacionar os fatores ambientais da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde em idosos domiciliados com riscos de quedas. Pesquisa epidemiológica transversal, ocorrida de junho a julho de 2013, com 167 idosos das áreas de abrangência de uma unidade básica de saúde. Critérios de inclusão na pesquisa: ambos os sexos, cadastrados e com residência fixa nas áreas de abrangência de uma unidade básica de saúde. Critérios de exclusão: idosos com alterações cognitivas. Utilizou-se entrevista estruturada com três etapas: levantamento das características dos idosos investigados; questões relacionadas às quedas; informações sobre os fatores ambientais da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde. Os dados foram agrupados para tratamento estatístico/descritivo. A média das idades 71 anos, com desvio padrão de 7,1. A maioria dos idosos era do sexo feminino, casados, com escolaridade de quatro e oito anos, residindo com filhos e companheiro, aposentados e com renda de um salário mínimo. As doenças mais prevalentes foram circulatórias, osteomusculares, e endócrinas e os idosos apresentaram pelo menos uma comorbidade. Dos 167 idosos, 65 caíram nos últimos doze meses, no ambiente domiciliar, com prevalência em: banheiro, cozinha e na rua, sendo as calçadas as mais destacadas. A maior proporção de permanência no chão foi de dez minutos, e a maioria dos idosos, após as quedas, não procuraram os serviços de saúde. Como tratamento para as quedas, obteve-se o não cirúrgico. Quanto à Classificação Internacional da Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde, houve destaque para o uso de medicações como fator influente nas quedas dos idosos domiciliados. Percebe-se a importância de avaliação constante por parte dos profissionais de saúde sobre os idosos caidores e não-caidores, no sentido de identificar os fatores de riscos intrínsecos e extrínsecos para implementar estratégias de prevenção que compreendam reabilitação da força muscular, equilíbrio e capacidade funcional, redução da polifarmácia, educação para o autocuidado e um olhar do enfermeiro voltado para os períodos e locais de maior incidência de quedas, melhorando desta forma a qualidade de vida dos idosos residentes em diferentes contextos. A pesquisa traz como contribuição social um re-olhar acerca do redimensionamento do cuidado à pessoa idosa que teve queda no próprio ambiente, a partir da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde.
Resumo:
Tese de doutoramento em Farmácia (Toxicologia), apresentada à Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, 2009.