A formação da heráldica do exército no Estado Novo

RESUMO: É analisada nesta pesquisa a evolução da Heráldica do Exército Português ao longo do Estado Novo, sendo referida a importante reforma da década de 60 que lhe veio a conferir uma qualidade excepcional.

Comportamento motor do tronco e membro superior, num sistema de posicionamento rígido e dinâmico, durante atividade

A funcionalidade dos indivíduos com Paralisia Cerebral está muitas vezes comprometida devido às alterações do movimento e do controlo postural. Dadas estas alterações, a posição de sentado oferece uma maior estabilidade sendo muitas das atividades de vida diária desempenhadas nesta posição. O objetivo mais importante de intervenção é obter o máximo de funcionalidade na posição de sentado, particularmente do membro superior. Este objectivo, na maioria das vezes, só pode ser atingido com o uso de sistemas de posicionamento que tentam colmatar as alterações posturais e do movimento. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo de caso é verificar se existem diferenças no comportamento motor do tronco e do membro superior, com um sistema de posicionamento rígido e com um sistema de posicionamento dinâmico, numa jovem com Paralisia Cerebral, aquando da ativação manual de um switch. Foi realizado um estudo de caso único em que foi feita uma análise cinemática do movimento do tronco e membro superior na ativação de um switch BigMack, em três posições de teste com distâncias diferentes. Simultaneamente mediu-se a distribuição do peso durante o movimento, através do mapa de pressão e foi registada, bilateralmente a atividade dos músculos trapézio (porção média), longuíssimo, recto abdominal e oblíquo externo. Os resultados obtidos apontam, neste caso em particular, para uma melhoria na qualidade do movimento e da distribuição de peso, com o sistema de posicionamento dinâmico, sem diferenças entre os dois sistemas relativamente à ativação muscular.

O gabinete de heráldica do exército e as armas da Junta de Freguesia de Verderena

O processo de ordenação de armas para a Junta de Freguesia da Verderena, a participação do Gabinete de Heráldica do Exército e a intervenção da Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses.

Distributed computing for the factory-floor: a real-time approach using WorldFIP networks

Field communication systems (fieldbuses) are widely used as the communication support for distributed computer-controlled systems (DCCS) within all sort of process control and manufacturing applications. There are several advantages in the use of fieldbuses as a replacement for the traditional point-to-point links between sensors/actuators and computer-based control systems, within which the most relevant is the decentralisation and distribution of the processing power over the field. A widely used fieldbus is the WorldFIP, which is normalised as European standard EN 50170. Using WorldFIP to support DCCS, an important issue is “how to guarantee the timing requirements of the real-time traffic?” WorldFIP has very interesting mechanisms to schedule data transfers, since it explicitly distinguishes periodic and aperiodic traffic. In this paper, we describe how WorldFIP handles these two types of traffic, and more importantly, we provide a comprehensive analysis on how to guarantee the timing requirements of the real-time traffic.

Acute Upper Limb Ischemia, a Rare Presentation of Giant Cell Arteritis

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic large vessel vasculitis, with extracranial arterial involvement described in 10-15% of cases, usually affecting the aorta and its branches. Patients with GCA are more likely to develop aortic aneurysms, but these are rarely present at the time of the diagnosis. We report the case of an 80-year-old Caucasian woman, who reported proximal muscle pain in the arms with morning stiffness of the shoulders for eight months. In the previous two months, she had developed worsening bilateral arm claudication, severe pain, cold extremities and digital necrosis. She had no palpable radial pulses and no measurable blood pressure. The patient had normochromic anemia, erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 120 mm/h, and a negative infectious and autoimmune workup. Computed tomography angiography revealed concentric wall thickening of the aorta extending to the aortic arch branches, particularly the subclavian and axillary arteries, which were severely stenotic, with areas of bilateral occlusion and an aneurysm of the ascending aorta (47 mm). Despite corticosteroid therapy there was progression to acute critical ischemia. She accordingly underwent surgical revascularization using a bilateral carotid-humeral bypass. After surgery, corticosteroid therapy was maintained and at six-month follow-up she was clinically stable with reduced inflammatory markers. GCA, usually a chronic benign vasculitis, presented exceptionally in this case as acute critical upper limb ischemia, resulting from a massive inflammatory process of the subclavian and axillary arteries, treated with salvage surgical revascularization.

O impacto (custo) das LMELT decorrente de acidentes de trabalho numa organização de saúde

RESUMO - A morbilidade associada às lesões músculoesqueléticas ligadas ao trabalho (LMELT) origina uma elevada perda de produtividade (absentismo e presentismo) em organizações de saúde, o que induz um substantivo impacto (custo) económico. Nesse contexto, os profissionais de saúde, como grupo vulnerável à ocorrência de LMELT, nomeadamente aqueles que mobilizam os doentes diariamente, apresentam elevadas taxas de acidentes de trabalho com absentismo. Considerando a importância do capital humano em saúde e tendo em conta o contexto actual de contenção da despesa no sector da saúde português, o despiste de situações de perda de produtividade e seu impacto económico em instituições de saúde, assume um papel fundamental na gestão dessas organizações. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto (custo) das LMELT por acidente de trabalho em enfermeiros e assistentes operacionais do CMRA durante o período de 2009 a 2013. Partindo da identificação dos acidentes de trabalho (AT) ocorridos nestes grupos profissionais entre 2009 e 2013, da lesão musculoesquelética resultante e do absentismo registado os participantes no estudo responderam aos itens da escala WQL-8 e SPS-6, para se determinar também os níveis de presentismo. Este estudo adotou a metodologia do capital humano para estimar os custos indiretos ou perda de produtividade das LMELT. Constatou-se que são as transferências a maior causa das LMELT, com uma sintomatologia mais prevalente na região lombar. Existe perda de produtividade nesta instituição entre 2009 e 2013 com um custo total estimado em 222.015,98€, absentismo e presentismo, sendo a Distração Evitada a dimensão que apresenta maiores valores.

Corruption: Who pays for the bill?

This paper intends to study who pays for corruption in Brazil from 2005 to 2011. Politicians may decide to charge the spillovers of corruption at a municipal level through taxes or to charge it to the entire country through voluntary transfers. The used measure of corruption is based on audit reports conducted on randomly selected municipalities from 2005 to 2011.In order to address this question an IV strategy was computed using as instrument for the number of observed cases of corruption the dummy variable of being audited or not. We evaluated the impact of corruption on taxes and on voluntary transfers and concluded that with an increase in the number of observed cases of corruption the first decreases and the latest registers an increase. Therefore, considering all Brazilian municipalities, mayors prefer to spread the bill all over the country than charging it locally.

A intervenção dos orgãos de polícia criminal em sede de julgamento

Currently, Portugal assumes itself as a democratic rule of substantive law State, sustained by a legal system seeking the right balance between the guarantee of fundamental rights and freedoms constitutional foreseen in Portugal’s Fundamental Law and criminal persecution. The architecture of the penal code lies with, roughly speaking, a accusatory basic structure, “deliberately attached to one of the most remarkable achievements of the civilizational democratic progress, and by obedience to the constitutional commandment”, in balance with the official investigation principle, valid both for the purpose of prosecution and trial. Regarding the principle of non self-incrimination - nemo tenetur se ipsum accusare, briefly defined as the defendant’s right of not being obliged to contribute to the self-incrimination, it should be stressed that there isn’t an explicit consecration in the Portuguese Constitution, being commonly accepted in an implicit constitutional prediction and deriving from other constitutional rights and principles, first and foremost, the meaning and scope of the concept of democratic rule of Law State, embedded in the Fundamental Law, and in the guidelines of the constitutional principles of human person dignity, freedom of action and the presumption of innocence. In any case, about the (in) applicability of the principle of the prohibition of self-incrimination to the Criminal Police Bodies in the trial hearing in Court, and sharing an idea of Guedes Valente, the truth is that the exercise of criminal action must tread a transparent path and non-compliant with methods to obtain evidence that violate the law, the public order or in violation of democratic principles and loyalty (Guedes Valente, 2013, p. 484). Within the framework of the penal process relating to the trial, which is assumed as the true phase of the process, the witness represents a relevant figure for the administration of criminal justice, for the testimonial proof is, in the idea of Othmar Jauernig, the worst proof of evidence, but also being the most frequent (Jauernig, 1998, p. 289). As coadjutant of the Public Prosecutor and, in specific cases, the investigating judge, the Criminal Police Bodies are invested with high responsibility, being "the arms and eyes of Judicial Authorities in pursuing the criminal investigation..." which has as ultimate goal the fulfillment of the Law pursuing the defense of society" (Guedes Valente, 2013, p. 485). It is in this context and as a witness that, throughout operational career, the Criminal Police Bodies are required to be at the trial hearing and clarify the Court with its view about the facts relating to occurrences of criminal context, thus contributing very significantly and, in some cases, decisively for the proper administration of the portuguese criminal justice. With regards to the intervention of Criminal Police Bodies in the trial hearing in Court, it’s important that they pay attention to a set of standards concerning the preparation of the testimony, the very provision of the testimony and, also, to its conclusion. Be emphasized that these guidelines may become crucial for the quality of the police testimony at the trial hearing, thus leading to an improvement of the enforcement of justice system. In this vein, while preparing the testimony, the Criminal Police Bodies must present itself in court with proper clothing, to read before and carefully the case files, to debate the facts being judged with other Criminal Police Bodies and prepare potential questions. Later, while giving his testimony during the trial, the Criminal Police Bodies must, summing up, to take the oath in a convincing manner, to feel comfortable, to start well by convincingly answering the first question, keep an attitude of serenity, to adopt an attitude of collaboration, to avoid the reading of documents, to demonstrate deference and seriousness before the judicial operators, to use simple and objective language, to adopt a fluent speech, to use nonverbal language correctly, to avoid spontaneity responding only to what is asked, to report only the truth, to avoid hesitations and contradictions, to be impartial and to maintain eye contact with the judge. Finally, at the conclusion of the testimony, the Criminal Police Bodies should rise in a smooth manner, avoiding to show relief, resentment or satisfaction, leaving a credible and professional image and, without much formality, requesting the judge permission to leave the courtroom. As final note, it’s important to stress that "The intervention of the Police Criminal Bodies in the trial hearing in Court” encloses itself on a theme of crucial importance not only for members of the Police and Security Forces, who must welcome this subject with the utmost seriousness and professionalism, but also for the proper administration of the criminal justice system in Portugal.

The system of Transfer Pricing in a multinational

Transfer prices are used by the majority of firms worldwide when intermediate products or services are transferred within the same organization. These prices are reported as revenue for the selling entity (division, unit, department etc.) and as cost for the buying entity. Nevertheless, transfer prices lead to many disputes among managers in the same organization as transfer prices influence the performance of their entities. In cross-border transactions, transfer prices can be used by firms to reduce corporate taxes and thus, increase total firm profits. In order to fight against this firms’ practice, tax authorities require firms to establish a transfer pricing system in accordance with OECD1 Transfer Pricing Guidelines.

Construção de uma responsabilidade europeia além-fronteiras

The suppression of internal border controls has led the European Union to establish a mechanism for determining the Member State responsible for examining each asylum application, with the main intention of deterring asylum seekers from lodging multiple applications and guaranteeing that it will be assessed by one of the States – the Dublin System. Even though it holds on a variety of criteria, the most commonly used is the country of first entrance in the EU. The growing migrating flows coming mainly from Northern Africa have thus resulted in an incommensurable burden over the border countries. Gradually, countries like Greece, Bulgaria and Italy have lost capability of providing adequate relief to all asylum seekers and the records of fundamental rights violations related to the provision of housing and basic needs or inhuman detention conditions started piling up. To prevent asylum seekers who had already displaced themselves to other Member States from being transferred back to countries where their human dignity is questionable, the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice have developed a solid jurisprudence determining that when there is a risk of serious breach of fundamental rights all transfers to that country must halt, especially when it is identified with systemic deficiencies in the asylum system and procedures. This reflexion will go through the jurisprudence that influenced very recent legislative amendments, in order to identify which elements form part of the obligation not to transfer under the Dublin System. At last, we will critically analyze the new rising obligation, that has clearly proven insufficient in light of the international fundamental rights framework that the Member States and the EU are bound to respect, proposing substantial amendments with a view to reach a future marked by high solidarity and global responsibility from the European Union.