975 resultados para Apreçamento de Ativos
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In this work were synthesized and characterized the materials mesoporous SBA-15 and Al- SBA-15, Si / Al = 25, 50 and 75, discovered by researchers at the University of California- Santa Barbara, USA, with pore diameters ranging from 2 to 30 nm and wall thickness from 3.1 to 6.4 nm, making these promising materials in the field of catalysis, particularly for petroleum refining (catalytic cracking), as their mesopores facilitate access of the molecules constituting the oil to active sites, thereby increasing the production of hydrocarbons in the range of light and medium. To verify that the materials used as catalysts were successfully synthesized, they were characterized using techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), absorption spectroscopy in the infrared Fourier transform (FT-IR) and adsorption nitrogen (BET). Aiming to check the catalytic activity thereof, a sample of atmospheric residue oil (ATR) from the pole Guamaré-RN was performed the process by means of thermogravimetry and thermal degradation of catalytic residue. Upon the curves, it was observed a reduction in the onset temperature of the decomposition process of catalytic ATR. For the kinetic model proposed by Flynn-Wall yielded some parameters to determine the apparent activation energy of decomposition, being shown the efficiency of mesoporous materials, since there was a decrease in the activation energy for the reactions using catalysts. The ATR was also subjected to pyrolysis process using a pyrolyzer with gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer. Through the chromatograms obtained, there was an increase in the yield of the compounds in the range of gasoline and diesel from the catalytic pyrolysis, with emphasis on Al-SBA-15 (Si / Al = 25), which showed a percentage higher than the other catalysts. These results are due to the fact that the synthesized materials exhibit specific properties for application in the process of pyrolysis of complex molecules and high molecular weight as constituents of the ATR
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A catalyst of great interest to the scientific community tries to unite the structure of ordered pore diameter from mesoporous materials with the properties of stability and acid activity to microporous zeolites. Thus a large number of materials was developed in the past decades, which although being reported as zeolites intrinsically they fail to comply with some relevant characteristics to zeolites, and recently were named zeolitic materials of high accessibility. Among the various synthesis strategies employed, the present research approaches the synthesis methods of crystallization of silanized protozeolitic units and the method of protozeolitic units molded around surfactant micelles, in order for get materials defined as hierarchical zeolites and micro-mesoporous hybrid materials, respectively. As goal BEA/MCM-41 hybrid catalysts with bimodal pore structure formed by nuclei of zeolite Beta and cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium were developed. As also was successfully synthesized the hierarchical Beta zeolite having a secondary porosity, in addition to the typical and uniform zeolite micropores. Both catalysts were applied in reactions of catalytic cracking of high density polyethylene (HDPE), to evaluate its properties in catalytic activity, aiming at the recycling of waste plastics to obtain high value-added raw materials and fuels. The BEA/MCM-41 hybrid materials with 0 days of pre-crystallization did not show enough properties for use in catalytic cracking reactions, but they showed superior catalytic properties compared to those ordered mesoporous materials of Al-MCM-41 type. The structure of Beta zeolite with hierarchical porosity leads the accessibility of HDPE bulky molecules to active centers, due to high external area. And provides higher conversion to hydrocarbons in the gasoline range, especially olefins which have great interest in the petrochemical industry
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Bifunctional catalysts based on zircon oxide modified by tungsten (W = 10, 15 and 20 %) and by molybdenum oxide (Mo= 10, 15 e 20 %) containg platinum (Pt = 1%) were prepared by the polymeric precursor method. For comparison, catalysts the tungsten base was also prepared by the impregnation method. After calcinations at 600, 700 and 800 ºC, the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, nitrogen adsorption and scanning electron microscopy. The profile of metals reduction was determined by temperature programmed reduction. The synthesized catalysts were tested in n-heptane isomerization. X-ray diffractogram of the Pt/WOx-ZrO2 and Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts revealed the presence of tetragonal ZrO2 and platinum metallic phases in all calcined samples. Diffraction peaks due WO3 and ZrO2 monoclinic also were observed in some samples of the Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts. In the Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts also were observed diffraction peaks due ZrO2 monoclinic and Zr(MoO4)2 oxide. These phases contained on Pt/WOx-ZrO2 and Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts varied in accordance with the W or Mo loading and in accordance with the calcination temperature. The infrared spectra showed absorption bands due O-W-O and W=O bonds in the Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts and due O-Mo-O, Mo=O and Mo-O bonds in the Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts. Specific surface area for Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts varied from 30-160 m2 g-1 and for the Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts varied from 10-120 m2 g-1. The metals loading (W or Mo) and the calcination temperature influence directly in the specific surface area of the samples. The reduction profile of Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts showed two peaks at lower temperatures, which are attributed to platinum reduction. The reduction of WOx species was evidenced by two reduction peak at high temperatures. In the case of Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts, the reduction profile showed three reduction events, which are attributed to reduction of MoOx species deposited on the support and in some samples one of the peak is related to the reduction of Zr(MoO4)2 oxide. Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts were active in the n-heptane isomerization with high selectivity to 3-methyl-hexane, 2,3- dimethyl-pentane, 2-methyl-hexane among other branched hydrocarbons. The Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts practically didn't present activity for the n-heptane isomerization, generating mainly products originating from the catalytic cracking
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Considerando o papel do ensino superior em saúde para a sociedade brasileira, em que os egressos dos cursos ofertados na área serão os profissionais prestadores de serviços à população, este estudo objetivou analisar o componente ensino do PET-Saúde da Família - Natal-RN na formação de estudantes dos cursos de graduação em saúde da UFRN. Foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa com análise de documentos das disciplinas SACI e POTI datados entre 2009 e 2011 (portfólios, avaliações de desempenho e oficina de avaliação), mediante o auxílio do software Alceste© e análise de conteúdo, segundo Bardin. Na análise foi encontrado como potencialidades: o alunato trabalhando em grupo tutorial multidisciplinar, cuja interação e contato com a Unidade de Saúde da Família, incluídos os profissionais, bem como a comunidade, instiga nos aprendizes o diálogo consigo mesmo e com o outro, numa construção dos ser/agir no mundo. Os textos trabalhados durante as aulas permitem refletir e teorizar a respeito da realidade observada, auxiliando-os na identificação dos problemas e no traçar estratégias de intervenção. Já a observação da realidade reveste o aluno de humanização. Este passa a captar as necessidades e dificuldades enfrentadas pela comunidade observada. Nas fragilidades ficaram evidenciados: problemas de relações interpessoais entre os estudantes da SACI; a maioria dos projetos de intervenção ocorrendo numa perspectiva paternalista, reproduzindo o modelo de prestação de serviços na saúde mais praticado nas sociedades brasileiras; dificuldades em aprofundar no aprendiz, a importância da teorização dos assuntos; problemas de financiamento de projetos de intervenção; descumprimento do plano de ensino em alguns grupos tutoriais; e, por fim, dificuldades dos alunos e monitores em acompanhar as atividade de pesquisa e extensão do PET-Saúde, pela falta de integração dos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos. Conclui-se que o componente ensino do PET-Saúde da Família adota metodologias ativas de ensino na inserção de alunos na Atenção Primária em Saúde, proporcionando uma formação dentro de princípios éticos e humanísticos a partir do trabalho em equipe e da inclusão reflexiva dos alunos na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Apesar da existência de fragilidades concernentes às relações interpessoais, descompasso entre as proposições multiprofissionais e interdisciplinares da SACI e POTI e as dificuldades de pô-las em prática em currículos fragmentados e organizados por disciplinas pouco flexíveis, potencialmente, ao fim dessas experiências conectadas a Atenção Primária, os discentes apresentam uma nova visão do cuidado com a saúde, próxima às necessidades da população, iniciando uma tomada de postura crítica e reflexiva, entendendo-se com sujeitos ativos no construir a saúde coletivamente
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O fungo Sclerotium rolfsii causa grandes perdas em algumas culturas econômicas. Por produzir estruturas de resistência (escleródios), este fungo é de difícil controle. Há escassez de novos ingredientes ativos eficientes para o controle deste patógeno. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar se existe atividade fungitóxica na planta Momordica charantia (melão-de-sãocaetano), com potencial futuro para ser estudado no controle de S. rolfsii. Para isso, dois ensaios foram realizados, um in vitro (laboratório) e outro in vivo (câmara de crescimento). em in vitro, escleródios do patógeno ficaram em contato com extratos hidroetanólico e aquoso de folhas e ramos de M. charantia e sem extrato por 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias. A sobrevivência dos escleródios foi avaliada em meio de cultura específico, após cada tempo. em in vivo, testou-se a ação dos mesmos extratos de maneira preventiva e curativa (aplicação aos 6 e 3 dias antes do plantio; no dia do plantio; e aos 3 e 6 dias após o plantio) e no tratamento de semente, no patossistema feijoeiro cv. Carioquinha versus S. rolfsii. A eficiência da ação dos extratos foi avaliada por meio da severidade da doença. Os extratos hidroetanólico e aquoso, in vitro, de forma semelhante, controlaram 100% os escleródios, num período de 0 a 7 dias. No ensaio in vivo, o extrato hidroetanólico, aplicado tanto em 6 ou 3 dias, antes do plantio, de forma preventiva, diminuiu a severidade da doença em 74%. Há atividade fungitóxica na parte aérea da planta de melão-de-são-caetano, com potencial futuro de estudo para controlar S. rolfsii, preferencialmente, de maneira preventiva.
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The way to deal with information assets means nowadays the main factor not only for the success but also for keeping the companies in the global world. The number of information security incidents has grown for the last years. The establishment of information security policies that search to keep the security requirements of assets in the desired degrees is the major priority for the companies. This dissertation suggests a unified process for elaboration, maintenance and development of information security policies, the Processo Unificado para Políticas de Segurança da Informação - PUPSI. The elaboration of this proposal started with the construction of a structure of knowledge based on documents and official rules, published in the last two decades, about security policies and information security. It's a model based on the examined documents which defines the needed security policies to be established in the organization, its work flow and identifies the sequence of hierarchy among them. It's also made a model of the entities participating in the process. Being the problem treated by the model so complex, which involves all security policies that the company must have. PUPSI has an interative and developing approach. This approach was obtained from the instantiation of the RUP - Rational Unified Process model. RUP is a platform for software development object oriented, of Rational Software (IBM group). Which uses the best practice known by the market. PUPSI got from RUP a structure of process that offers functionality, diffusion capacity and comprehension, performance and agility for the process adjustment, offering yet capacity of adjustment to technological and structural charges of the market and the company
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OBJETIVO: Analisar, comparativamente, a obtenção minimamente invasiva com o uso do MINI-HARVEST® e com instrumental tradicional adaptado. MÉTODO: de junho de 1996 a janeiro de 1999, 63 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio tiveram suas veias safenas retiradas segundo técnica minimamente invasiva. Nos 30 primeiros pacientes da série utilizou-se método de visão direta com auxílio de dois afastadores de Langenbeck, e nos 33 restantes utilizou-se o MINI-HARVEST®. RESULTADOS: A idade média dos pacientes era de 61 ± 8,75 anos, sendo 52 homens e 11 mulheres. Quarenta e cinco pacientes eram diabéticos, 45 apresentavam sobrepeso/obesidade, 25 eram tabagistas ativos, 32 apresentavam história pregressa de infarto do miocárdio. O tempo médio de retirada da veia safena com afastadores Langenbeck foi de 34,2 ± 8,14 minutos e com o MINI-HARVEST® de 39,20 ± 9,12 minutos. A extensão de veia retirada foi similar nos dois grupos, variando de 10 a 30 cm. Houve uma deiscência superficial no grupo com afastadores de Langenbeck. Houve necessidade de reversão para método tradicional de retirada em dois casos do grupo MINI-HARVEST® e um do grupo Langenbeck. A incidência de infarto transoperatório foi 4,5% (três) no grupo Langenbeck e 3,1%(dois) no grupo MINI-HARVEST®. CONCLUSÕES: Podemos concluir que o método de obtenção de veia safena minimamente invasivo sob visão direta é efetivo e seguro, tanto com o uso de instrumentos tradicionais adaptados para este fim, como com afastadores especialmente constituídos, ressaltando-se que o MINI-HARVEST® dispensa a presença de um auxiliar.
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The research is developed in areas of horticulture in the city of Natal, in the neighborhoods of Lagoa Azul, Pajuçara and Redinha, along the Doce River, border area with Extremoz city, Rio Grande do Norte State. The region of the fluvial plain of Doce River is located in an Environmental Protection Zone (ZPA-9). This is one of the ZPA which is not under the regulatory marks and there are several environmental problems caused by use and land occupation, featuring an evident disregard of environmental laws and whose protection is hindered by the lack of specific legal mechanisms. This study aims to provide an overview of the use of pesticides in the lower course of the Doce River, in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, and to assess environmental degradation in the area through chronic toxicity tests using the microcrustaceous Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard 1894 (Cladocera, Crustacea) as test organism. Visits were made to the area in 2009 and 2010. To obtain information a diagnosis of the local situation was accomplished based on personal observation and non-participatory photographic record, with the aim of assessing the environmental characteristics, population diversity and work processes of horticulturists. During the visits four different points of the Doce River were chosen to collect water for ecotoxicological tests and survey of physico-chemical parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, chloride, turbidity, conductivity and temperature), which were measured in the field using Multiparameter Probe (TROLL 9500). The adverse effects of pesticide use in the lower course of the Doce River is a major problem for both the environmental and human health, since many of the substances and active principles that enter in the composition of the products are synthesized molecules whose effects can only be evaluated through different studies on their actions and behavior at short, medium or long term
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INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) apresentam menor tolerância ao exercício e baixa capacidade funcional, o que os torna, via de regra, sedentários. Outra alteração importante encontrada na DRC é a disfunção cognitiva. O sedentarismo tem sido associado à disfunção cognitiva na população geral, porém, poucos estudos avaliaram essa associação na DRC. OBJETIVOS: Verificar associação entre o nível de atividade física e a função cognitiva de pacientes com DRC que realizam hemodiálise (HD). MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 102 pacientes que realizam HD. Os participantes responderam o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física, que avalia o nível de atividade física e o Mini Exame do Estado Mental, utilizado para o rastreamento cognitivo. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos conforme a classificação do nível de atividade física (GI: ativos/GII: irregularmente ativos/GIII: sedentários). Foi aplicada análise de regressão logística adotando-se como variável desfecho a presença de disfunção cognitiva e preservando como variáveis independentes aquelas com probabilidade estatística de diferença entre os grupos inferior a 0,1. Foi considerado estatisticamente significante o valor de p inferior a 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os grupos foram semelhantes quanto à idade, tempo de HD, escolaridade e tabagismo. Apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante quanto à raça, índice de massa corporal, presença de diabetes mellitus, doença de base e grau de déficit cognitivo. Quanto aos dados laboratoriais, os grupos diferiram quanto à creatinina, glicemia, hemoglobina e hematócrito. Houve associação entre o nível de atividade física e função cognitiva, mesmo ajustando-se para as variáveis de confusão. CONCLUSÃO: O maior nível de atividade física associou-se a melhor função cognitiva em renais crônicos em HD, independentemente das variáveis de confusão avaliadas.
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In this work, we intend to discuss results from a research about retextualization in gender journalistic interview, considering speech dialogical approach. Retextualization activity, which implies the production of a new text through one or more basic texts, shows the presence of reported speech as an integral unit of discursive construction. Our corpus had been extracted from a section called Nossos Valores [Our Values], present at the syndical newspaper Adurn Notícias [Adurn News], from Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil), which weekly publishes journalistic interviews with active professors from this institution. We describe retextualised text structure by correlating it to the one from the oral text, in order to identify and describe quoted speech, as well as features of the gender in which it is inserted. It was verified that, when it comes to reported speech present in the published interviews, which are representative of the research corpus, diverse incorporation procedures of alien property‟s speech take place, especially those regarding about reported speech use. The waterish presence of the other present in dialoged texts speech transformed in monologue texts demonstrates that there is not a clear demarcation among voices in certain parts of the written text. This is confirmed during analyses of the two interview versions, in which it is not always possible to distinguish the authorship of certain propositions, which in some way can point to Bakhtin‟s concept of intentional hybridity. Beyond Bakhtin‟s contributions (1990; 2000), the theoretical principles of this work are based upon Marcuschi (1986; 1999; 2001), Matencio (2003), Authier-Revuz (1982), and Favero et al. (1997; 1998; 1999; 2000)
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This thesis deals with the tectonic-stratigraphic evolution of the Transitional Sequence in the Sergipe Sub-basin (the southern segment of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Northeast Brazil), deposited in the time interval of the upper Alagoas/Aptian stage. Sequence boundaries and higher order internal sequences were identified, as well as the structures that affect or control its deposition. This integrated approach aimed to characterize the geodynamic setting and processes active during deposition of the Transitional Sequence, and its relations with the evolutionary tectonic stages recognized in the East Brazilian Margin basins. This subject addresses more general questions discussed in the literature, regarding the evolution from the Rift to the Drift stages, the expression and significance of the breakup unconformity, the relationships between sedimentation and tectonics at extensional settings, as well as the control on subsidence processes during this time interval. The tectonic-stratigraphic analysis of the Transitional Sequence was based on seismic sections and well logs, distributed along the Sergipe Sub-basin (SBSE). Geoseismic sections and seismic facies analysis, stratigraphic profiles and sections, were compiled through the main structural blocks of this sub-basin. These products support the depositional and tectonic-stratigraphic evolutionary models built for this sequence. The structural analysis highlighted similarities in deformation styles and kinematics during deposition of the Rift and Transitional sequences, pointing to continuing lithospheric extensional processes along a NW trend (X strain axis) until the end of deposition of the latter sequence was finished by the end of late Aptian. The late stage of extension/rifting was marked by (i) continuous (or as pulses) fault activity along the basin, controling subsidence and creation of depositional space, thereby characterizing upper crustal thinning and (ii) sagstyle deposition of the Transitional Sequence at a larger scale, reflecting the ductile stretching and thinnning of lower and sub crustal layers combined with an increasing importance of the thermal subsidence regime. Besides the late increments of rift tectonics, the Transitional Sequence is also affected by reactivation of the border faults of SBSE, during and after deposition of the Riachuelo Formation (lower section of the Transgressive Marine Sequence, of Albian age). It is possible that this reactivation reflects (through stress propagation along the newlycreated continental margin) the rifting processes still active further north, between the Alagoas Sub-basin and the Pernambuco-Paraíba Basin. The evaporitic beds of the Transitional Sequence contributed to the development of post-rift structures related to halokinesis and the continental margin collapse, affecting strata of the overlying marine sequences during the Middle Albian to the Maastrichtian, or even the Paleogene time interval. The stratigraphic analysis evidenced 5 depositional sequences of higher order, whose vertical succession indicates an upward increase of the base level, marked by deposition of continental siliciclastic systems overlain by lagunar-evaporitic and restricted marine systems, indicating that the Transitional Sequence was deposited during relative increase of the eustatic sea level. At a 2nd order cycle, the Transitional Sequence may represent the initial deposition of a Transgressive Systems Tract, whose passage to a Marine Transgressive Sequence would also be marked by the drowning of the depositional systems. At a 3rd order cycle, the sequence boundary corresponds to a local unconformity that laterally grades to a widespread correlative conformity. This boundary surface corresponds to a breakup unconformity , being equivalent to the Pre-Albian Unconformity at the SBSE and contrasting with the outstanding Pre-upper Alagoas Unconformity at the base of the Transitional Sequence; the latter is alternatively referred, in the literature, as the breakup unconformity. This Thesis supports the Pre-Albian Unconformity as marker of a major change in the (Rift-Drift) depositional and tectonic setting at SBSE, with equivalent but also diachronous boundary surfaces in other basins of the Atlantic margin. The Pre-upper Alagoas Unconformity developed due to astenosphere uplift (heating under high lithospheric extension rates) and post-dates the last major fault pulse and subsequent extensive block erosion. Later on, the number and net slip of active faults significantly decrease. At deep to ultra deep water basin segments, seaward-dipping reflectors (SDRs) are unconformably overlain by the seismic horizons correlated to the Transitional Sequence. The SDRs volcanic rocks overly (at least in part) continental crust and are tentatively ascribed to melting by adiabatic decompression of the rising astenospheric mantle. Even though being a major feature of SBSE (and possibly of other basins), the Pre-upper Alagoas Unconformity do not correspond to the end of lithospheric extension processes and beginning of seafloor spreading, as shown by the crustal-scale extensional structures that post-date the Transitional Sequence. Based on this whole context, deposition of the Transitional Sequence is better placed at a late interval of the Rift Stage, with the advance of an epicontinental sea over a crustal segment still undergoing extension. Along this segment, sedimentation was controled by a combination of thermal and mechanical subsidence. In continuation, the creation of oceanic lithosphere led to a decline in the mechanical subsidence component, extension was transferred to the mesoceanic ridge and the newly-formed continental margin (and the corresponding Marine Sequence) began to be controlled exclusively by the thermal subsidence component. Classical concepts, multidisciplinary data and new architectural and evolutionary crustal models can be reconciled and better understood under these lines
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Foram estudados os conhecimentos e opiniões dos profissionais de saúde do Município de Botucatu, SP (Brasil), acerca da freqüência e gravidade de treze sintomas e sinais de doenças, visando à comparação com as opiniões emitidas pela população urbana do Município. Foram entrevistados 435 profissionais de saúde ativos (médicos, enfermeiros, auxiliares e atendentes de enfermagem e outros), a maioria do sexo feminino, com idade de 25 a 44 anos. A categoria de atendentes foi a mais numerosa. de modo geral, os cinco últimos sintomas da relação constante do formulário - sangue no escarro, sangramento vaginal, caroço no seio, acessos e sangue na urina, foram considerados menos freqüentes e mais graves, comparativamente aos oito primeiros: falta de ar, febre, fraqueza, dor nas costas, dor no peito, dor de cabeça, tosse e diarréia. Dentre as categorias, os médicos diferenciaram-se atribuindo, com menor freqüência, escores altos para a freqüência e gravidade. Os clínicos valorizaram mais do que os cirurgiões, esses dois fatores, para quase todos os sintomas. O cotejo com a opinião dos leigos entrevistados revelou semelhanças nas tendências, embora tenha havido, por parte destes, maior valorização da freqüência e gravidade.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)